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1Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
Particles, Energy,Particles, Energy,and Cosmologyand Cosmology
2Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
The End of PhysicsThe End of Physics
"The more important fundamental laws and facts ofphysical science have all been discovered,
and these are now so firmly established that thepossibility of their ever being supplanted in consequenceof new discoveries is exceedingly remote.”
3Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
The End of Physics - 1894The End of Physics - 1894
4Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
The Miracle Year - 1905The Miracle Year - 1905
5Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
RelativityRelativity
•• When a man sits with aWhen a man sits with apretty girl for an hour, itpretty girl for an hour, itseems like a minute.seems like a minute.
•• But let him sit on a hotBut let him sit on a hotstove for a minutestove for a minute——andanditit’’s longer than any hour.s longer than any hour.
•• ThatThat’’s relativity.s relativity.
6Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
Unification of ForcesUnification of Forces
7Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
Modern scientific instrumentsModern scientific instruments
8Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
1.1. Super-microscopeSuper-microscope
2. Creation of massive matter (E=mc2. Creation of massive matter (E=mc22))
Particle Accelerators and Particle Accelerators and CollidersColliders
9Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
What is matter?What is matter?
10Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
The Structure of MatterThe Structure of Matter
?
?
11Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
Dark MatterDark Matter
12Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
The Cosmic FireballThe Cosmic Fireball
•• Visible remnant of the Big BangVisible remnant of the Big Bang
Microwaves in the sky
14 billionyears
13Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
Make-up of the UniverseMake-up of the Universe
•• Dominately Dominately dark matterdark matter and and dark energydark energy–– Very little anti-matterVery little anti-matter
•Dark Energy
- Mysteriouscomponent
Energy of the Universe
other atomic nuclei
14Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
The Dark Side Controls the UniverseThe Dark Side Controls the Universe
Dark MatterDark MatterHOLDS IT TOGETHERHOLDS IT TOGETHER
Dark EnergyDark EnergyDETERMINES ITS DESTINYDETERMINES ITS DESTINY
15Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
What is the Dark Matter?What is the Dark Matter?POPOULAR POPOULAR HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS
SuperString TheorySuperString Theory•• All fundamental particles areAll fundamental particles are
vibrating stringsvibrating strings
•• Theory unifies Theory unifies allall particles and particles and allall forces forces–– gravitygravity with quantum mechanics with quantum mechanics
–– String is minisculeString is miniscule•• 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 x 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 x smller smller than atomthan atom
–– Space is ten-dimensional (not 3D!)Space is ten-dimensional (not 3D!)–– A new set of particles are predictedA new set of particles are predicted
•• the the super-partnerssuper-partners of ordinary particles of ordinary particles ⇒⇒ Dark Matter ? Dark Matter ?
16Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
The Structure of MatterThe Structure of Matter
?
hypothesis
?
17Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
•• The The supersymmetric supersymmetric particles have justparticles have justthe properties expected of the properties expected of Dark MatterDark Matter
Supersymmetry Supersymmetry and Stringsand Strings
18Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
Large Large Hadron Collider Hadron Collider (LHC)(LHC)Geneva, SwitzerlandGeneva, Switzerland
NearingCompletion
Begins operationlater earlynext year
19Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
LHC Detector - ATLASLHC Detector - ATLAS
U. Oregon is memberinstitution of
ATLAS Collaboration
20Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
21Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
International Linear International Linear Collider Collider (ILC)(ILC)
Aim to startconstruction within
several years
Under developmentby global collaboration
including U. Oregon
20 miles longExpandable to 30
22Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
The Universe is Mysterious,The Universe is Mysterious,but Comprehensiblebut Comprehensible
Willamette HallWillamette HallNo doubt about it Al –we’ve mathematicallyexpressed the purposeof the universe.
Gad, how I love thethrill of scientificdiscovery.
23Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
Our Mysterious UniverseOur Mysterious Universe•• We are on the eve of a We are on the eve of a revolution in physicsrevolution in physics
–– Many mysteriesMany mysteries–– Solutions appear nearSolutions appear near–– Deeper understanding of the universe itselfDeeper understanding of the universe itself
•• Dark MatterDark Matter particles particles –– may appear soon in may appear soon in particle particle collidercollider experimentsexperiments
•• AlsoAlso–– Gravity wavesGravity waves–– Higgs BosonHiggs Boson–– Extra DimensionsExtra Dimensions–– Other AMAZING ThingsOther AMAZING Things–– The Unexpected!The Unexpected!
24Particles, Energy, and Cosmology
Eugene Rotary Jim Brau February 5, 2008
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
RESEARCH SUPPORTED BYRESEARCH SUPPORTED BY
Department of Energy Department of Energy OFFICE OF SCIENCE OFFICE OF SCIENCE
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Philip H. Knight Philip H. Knight
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