Part of Speech

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Pronoun Determiner Preposition Conjunction Interjection

The conventional definitions are faultye.g. Adjective modifies Noun

The big train (Adj) The evening train (Noun) The in group (Preposition)

The definitions are based on two different criteria (Noun and Verb are based on meaning, The rest are based on function or the use in the sentence)

Form Classes Positional Classes Structure Classes

Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Uninflected Words

The membership is determined by form of a word

Large and Open Noun, Verb, Adjective, and Adverb are

identified by (1) inflectional Morpheme and (2) Derivational Morpheme

Uninflected Words can’t be inflected

Nominal, verbal, Adjectival, Adverbial

The membership is determined by position or word ordere.g. We enjoyed the ______ (nominal)

Preposition, Auxiliary, Conjunction

The membership is fixed and closed

1. The members are recognized mainly by position, as they have no characteristics of form in common and, excepting a few, do not change form.

2. A Structure class is small, the largest one, preposition, have only fifty members.

3. A structure class has a stable membership and is a closed class, that is rarely admits new members.

It occurs in the position just before an adjectival or an adverbial.

The functions is to modify . The word following the qualifier is called the head.e.g. The dinner was _________good.

Most qualifiers are uninflected words. A few qualifiers have the same form as

adjectives. Some qualifiers are not used before all

adjectivals and adverbial, but have a limited distribution.

It is followed by noun, noun phrase, personal pronoun, or object of preposition.

Some prepositions are monosyllabic, while the others consist of two syllables.

There is a group of –ing prepositions that have a verb as a stem.

There is a group of compound prepositions.

It is a word that patterns with a noun. It precedes noun and serves as a signal

that a noun is soon to follow.e.g. The gymnasium

The new gymnasium The members are: demonstrative,

possesive adjective, and articles

It is closely associated with the verb and are of three kinds. Modal Auxiliary

e.g. can, could, may, might Primary Auxiliary

e.g. have, be Periphrastic Auxiliary

e.g. do

e.g. I, you, we, her, him, etc. The framework terms

NumberFunction terms

subject, object, prenominal possesive, substitutional possesive.

PersonSex Reference

Interrogative Pronoun: Who, whom, whosee.g. Who borrowed my tie?

Whose book is this? Relative Pronoun: Who, whom, whose,

which, thate.g. The girl who found the money calls me

The tree which fell was a large oak