Papua New Guinea National Food Security Policy …...Papua New Guinea National Food Security Policy...

PapuaNewGuineaNationalFoodSecurityPolicy2018-2027

INDEPENDENT STATE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA

PapuaNewGuineaNationalFoodSecurityPolicy

2018-2027

Growing agriculture for food security, good nutrition and health

DepartmentofAgricultureandLivestockCentralGovernmentOffice,Waigani

NationalCapitalDistrictPapuaNewGuinea

Foreword

TheNationalGoalsandDirectivePrinciplesinourConstitutioncallforimprovementinthelevelofnutritionandstandardofpublichealthtoenableourpeopletoattainselffulfilment.However,some40yearssincetheadoptionoftheConstitutiontheproblemofmalnutritioncontinuestobeasignificantimpedimentinournation’shealth,socialandeconomicdevelopment.Thepoorpublichealthsituationreflectsweaknessesinthecountry’sfoodandnutritionsecuritywhichisunderminingoureffortstoreachtheVision2050targetsofbeingahealthy,empowered,educated,happypopulationandtheplacingofourcountryinthetop50intheHumanDevelopmentIndexranking.

Foodsecurityisabasichumanright.Ensuringournation’sfoodsecurityisfundamentalforsustainablehumanandeconomicdevelopmentandiscentraltosocialandpoliticalstability.ThePapuaNewGuineaFoodSecurityPolicy2018-2027affirmsourGovernment’scommitmenttostrengtheningnationalfoodsecuritytosustainablyimproveourpeople’swellbeingandqualityoflivesinboththeruralandurbanareasofthecountry.

IntermsfoodsecurityandnutritionPapuaNewGuinea’sagriculturesectorhasspecialimportance.Itcontinuestobethemainsourceoffood,employmentandincomeforover85percentofthepopulation,whomainlyliveinruralareas.Therefore,agriculturalgrowthremainsoneofthebestwaystogenerateincomeforthepoorestininourcountrywhoneedthemosthelpbuyingnutritiousfood.

Moreover,becauseoftheprominentroleourwomenplayinfoodproductionandmarketing,agriculturecanprovideanimportantentry-pointforenhancingwomen’scontrolandmanagementofresources,knowledgeandstatus;pluschildnutritionoutcomescanimprovealongwithwomen’sempowermentthroughagriculture.Agriculturealsoprovidesasignificantamountoffoodtotownspeopleandearnsanimportantamountofforeignexchangefromcropexportproducts,thusenablingthenationtobetteraccessfoodimports.

Therefore,investmentinagricultureprovidesacriticallyimportantopportunitytobuildfoodsecurity,improvenutritionandpromotegoodhealth.However,whilegrowing,valueaddingandmarketingmorequalityfoodisessentialtomeetthedemandofarapidlyincreasingpopulation,itmaynotalonebesufficienttoachievegoodnutritionandhealthoutcomes.Inparticular,alongwithimprovingthequalityofdiet,therearealsoimportantelementsrelatingtonutritionoutcomesandhealthpractices,includingreproductivehealth(familyplanning),infantfeedingpracticesandissuesofcleanwateraccessandsanitation,andeducationtoimproveunderstandingongoodnutritionpractices.

Onlybyensuringself-reinforcing,synergisticinterventionsacrossalltheseareaswillwegainsustainablefoodandnutritionsecurityinourcountry.

Consequently,theGovernmentiscommittedtotakingactiontoaddressfoodandnutritionsecurityissuesthrougharangeofmeasuresacrossallthekeysectorssuchasagriculture,fisheries,trade,health,educationplustransportinfrastructureandwater,sanitationandhygieneservices(WaSH).ANationalNutritionPolicy,aNationalFoodSafetyPolicyandaWaSHPolicyandtheNationalRicePolicycomplementthisNationalFoodSecurityPolicyandtogethertheywillprovidetheframeworkforstrengthenedfoodandnutritionsecurityinPapuaNewGuineagoingforward.

TheNationalFoodSecurityPolicywillstrengthentheplatformforjointplanning,andguidecoherentprogramsandactionsfromallkeystakeholderstobuildandsustainfoodsecurityinPapuaNewGuinea.TheGovernmentrecognizesthevitalroletheprivatesectorhasindrivingthefoodeconomyanddevelopingtheefficientfoodvaluechainsnecessarytosupplyqualityfoodthroughoutthecountry.Aprimaryaimofthepolicywill,therefore,betofosterstrongpublic-privatepartnershipstoleverageagriculture’spotentialtopromoteimprovednutritionandhealthbybringingprofitablesmallholderfarming,efficientfoodvaluechains,smallandmediumenterprisedevelopment,women’sincomeandchildnutritiontogether.

ThesuccessfulimplementationofthispolicywillcontributetowardsimprovingthelivesofthemajorityofPNG’scitizens,enhancingtheirproductivityandparticipationinthesustainabledevelopmentofourcountrythroughgrowingagricultureforfoodsecurity,goodnutritionandhealth.

Hon.BennyAllan,MP

MinisterforAgricultureandLivestock

Acknowledgements

ThedevelopmentoftheNFSPwasaccomplishedthroughtheeffortsofmanyindividualsandinstitutionsandwewouldliketoexpressoursinceregratitudetothemall.

WethankallmembersoftheDALManagementteamandinparticulartheNationalProjectCoordinationdesk,thestaffofPolicyDivisionandtheFoodSecurityBranchwhocommittedtheirtimeandtechnicalexpertiseintheevolutionofthispolicy.

WearegratefultotheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)oftheUnitedNationsforfinancialandtechnicalsupport.

Ourspecialthanksmustbeaccordedtothestakeholdersatnational,provincialanddistrictlevelsthatgavefreelyoftheir

timeandsharedvaluableinformationwhichunderpinnedthedevelopmentofthisdocument.

DALseniormanagementbelievethattheNationalFoodSecurityPolicy2018-2027chartsasmartpathwaytosustainablefoodsecurityandtorealizingournationalvision2050andthetargetforfoodandnutritionsecuritysetintheglobalSustainableDevelopmentGoal2.Wethereforecommendthispolicyandtrustthatallstakeholderswillgivetheircontinuedandfullsupporttoensuresuccessfulpolicyimplementation.

MrFrancisDaink

ActingSecretary

DepartmentofAgricultureandLivestock

TableofContentsListofAcronymsandAbbreviations............................................................................................................vi

1. Background..........................................................................................................................................1

IntentofPolicy.............................................................................................................................................1

Audience......................................................................................................................................................1

PolicyDevelopmentProcess........................................................................................................................1

2. DefinitionsandConcepts.....................................................................................................................2

3. PolicyContextandDirections..............................................................................................................4

Vision 4

Principles......................................................................................................................................................4

Goal 5

Keyindicatorsandtargets............................................................................................................................5

FivePriorityStrategicActionAreas..............................................................................................................5

CoreGovernmentLegislationandPolicies...................................................................................................6

4. PoliciesandStrategies..........................................................................................................................8

StrategicActionArea1:Productivityandfarmoutputgrowthofthemainfoodstaples,horticulture,smalllivestockandfishfarmingandincreasingefficienciesalongtheentirefoodvaluechain..........8

StrategicActionArea2:Buildingstabilityandresilienceintofoodproductionandsupplysystems.11

StrategicActionArea3:Enhancednutrientcontentandbalanceoffoodproductsconsumedbynutritionallyvulnerablehouseholdsandindividuals.........................................................................14

StrategicActionArea4:Empowermentofwomeninagriculture.....................................................16

StrategicActionArea5:Strengthenedgovernance,coordination,monitoringandcommunication17

5. OrganizationalResponsibilities..........................................................................................................19

InstitutionalStructureforFoodandNutritionSecurityGovernanceandCoordination............................19

InstitutionalRolesandResponsibilities......................................................................................................21

Partnerships.......................................................................................................................................21

6. PolicyImplementation.......................................................................................................................22

7. MonitoringandEvaluation.................................................................................................................23

Annexes......................................................................................................................................................24

1. SummaryFoodSecurityPolicyFramework....................................................................................24

2. SummaryM&EMatrixfortheFoodSecurityPolicy.......................................................................28

3. FoodSecurityLandscape................................................................................................................33

4. Listofreferencesandkeydocumentsrelevanttofood&nutritionsecurity................................56

Frost&droughtdamagedfamilyfoodgarden

ListofAcronymsandAbbreviations

CEPA ConservationandEnvironmentProtectionAuthorityDAL DepartmentofAgricultureandLivestockDALFSB DepartmentofAgricultureandLivestockFoodSecurityBranchDALWiADU DepartmentofAgricultureandLivestockWomeninAgricultureDevelopmentUnitDSIP DistrictServicesImprovementProgram(DSIP)DOH DepartmentofHealthDNPM DepartmentofNationalPlanningandMonitoringENSO ElNiñoSouthernOscillationFAO FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsFPDA FreshProduceDevelopmentAgencyHAZ HeightforAgeZScoreHIES HouseholdIncomeandExpenditureSurveyINA InstituteofNationalAffairsLLGSIP LocalLevelGovernmentServicesImprovementProgram(LLGSIP)M&E MonitoringandEvaluationMTDP MediumTermDevelopmentPlanNAQIA NationalAgricultureQuarantineandInspectionAuthorityNARI NationalAgricultureResearchInstituteNCD Non-CommunicableDiseaseNEC NationalExecutiveCouncilNFA NationalFisheriesAuthorityNFSP NationalFoodSecurityPolicyNGO Non-GovernmentalOrganizationNNP NationalNutritionPolicyNNS NationalNutritionSurveyNRI NationalResearchInstituteNSO NationalStatisticsOfficeOCCD OfficeofClimateChangeDevelopmentPEM Protein-EnergyMalnutritionPGK PapuaNewGuineaKinaPNGDSP PapuaNewGuineaDevelopmentStrategicPlanUNITEC UniversityofTechnologyWAZ WeightforAgeZScorePNGCCI PapuaNewGuineaChamberofCommerceandIndustryPNGWiADF PapuaNewGuineaWomeninAgricultureDevelopmentFoundationPNGWCCI PapuaNewGuineaWomen’sChamberofCommerceandIndustryVC ValueChainWASH Water,SanitationandHygieneServicesWHO WorldHealthOrganizationWHZ WeightforHeightZScore

1. Background

IntentofPolicyThispolicyreplacesthePapuaNewGuineaNationalFoodSecurityPolicy(NFSP)2000-2010.Thepolicysetsthemediumtolong-termdirectionandsignalspriorityareastofocusresources(financialandhuman)tobuildsustainablefoodsecurityforallPapuaNewGuineans.ItprovidesaplatformforjointplanningtoguidecoherentprogramsandactionsfromallkeystakeholderstostrengthenfoodsecurityinPapuaNewGuinea.Aprimaryaimofthepolicyistofosterstrongpublic-privatepartnershipsandthusleverageagriculture’spotentialtopromoteenhancednutritionandhealthbybringingprofitablesmallholderfarming,efficientfoodvaluechains,women’sincomeandchildnutritiontogether.SuccessfulimplementationofthepolicywillcontributetoadvancingthenationtowardstheVision2050ofbeingasmart,wise,fairandhappysociety,andachievingtheglobalSustainableDevelopmentGoal2toendhunger,achievefoodsecurityandimprovednutritionandpromotesustainableagriculture.

ThepolicycomplementsotheragriculturepoliciessuchastheNationalRicePolicyandthepromotionofexportcropsunderthenationalagricultureplanframeworkwhicharealsoareasvitalforlivelihoods,employment,economicdevelopmentandfoodsecurity.

AudienceTheNFSP2018-2027willbenefitallPapuaNewGuineanswhoeachhaveasharedresponsibilityandstakeinachievingsustainablefoodsecurity.ThepolicywillguideallkeystakeholdersworkingtoimprovefoodsecurityinPNG;includingrelevantgovernmentagentsatnational,provincial,districtandlocallevels,academicandresearchinstitutions,developmentpartners,non-governmentorganizations,faith-basedorganizations,privatesectorandcommunitystakeholders.

PolicyDevelopmentProcessTheNationalExecutiveCouncilDecision(NEC)No.347/2013pertainingtothereviewofthePNGDevelopmentStrategicPlan(PNGDSP)2010-2030andMediumTermDevelopmentPlan(MTDP)2011-2015inthecontextofresponsiblesustainabledevelopmentapprovedimmediateinterventionsonstrategicfoodsecuritypolicydevelopment.Consequently,thepolicydevelopmentprocesswasinitiatedbytheGovernmentofPNGthroughtheDepartmentofAgricultureandLivestock(DAL)andsupportedbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)oftheUnitedNations.

FacilitatedbyDAL’sFoodSecurityBranchapolicydevelopmentteamwasassembledinSeptember2014.Theteamincludedexpertiseinfoodpolicy,foodproduction,nutritionandgenderissues.TheteamwasguidedbyaFoodSecurityPolicyAdvisoryGroup.TheteamconductedadeskreviewonthefoodsecuritylandscapeinPNGandundertookextensiveconsultationwithkeystakeholderstoreviewtheNFSP2000-2010implementationandgaininsightsandinputsintotheformulationofthenewfoodsecuritypolicyframework.Abroadrangeofstakeholderswereconsultedinbilateralmeetingsandfocusgroupsessions,includingnationaldepartmentsandagencies,developmentpartners,NGOs,provincialadministrationsandprogrammanagers,CBOs,farmers,privatesectorandagricultureindustryrepresentatives.Provincialanddistrictagricultureprogramvisitsandconsultationswerealsoheldin

theprovincesofEastSepik(Wewak,Maprik),SandaunProvince(Nuku),Madang(Madang,UsinoBundi),andMorobe(Markham,Lae).Duringthesemissionsmeetingswereheldwithgovernmentofficers,farmers,women’sgroups,andyouthgroups.

InApril2015anationalworkshop,attendedbyover50interestedstakeholders,washeldinPortMoresbytodiscussoutcomesofthepolicyreviewandstrategicprioritiesforfoodsecuritypolicygoingforward.Subsequenttothisworkshop,buildingonthereviewfindingsanddiscussionsheldwithstakeholders,adraftpolicydocumentwaspreparedandcirculatedtostakeholdersfortheircommentsinSeptember2015.FurthercommentsanddirectionwassoughtthroughaseriesofsevenfocusgroupmeetingsheldwithvariousinterestgroupsinOctober2015.BenefittingfromthecommentsmadeontheinitialpolicydraftthepolicydocumentwasfinalizedinNovember2015readyforendorsement.

2. DefinitionsandConcepts

DefinitionsFoodSecurity:Foodsecurityexistswhenallpeoplehave,atalltimes,physical,socialandeconomicaccesstosufficient,safeandnutritiousfoodtomeettheirdietaryneedsandfoodpreferencesforanactiveandhealthylife(reaffirmeddefinitionattheWorldFoodSummit,2009).

AverageDietaryEnergyRequirement:Theaveragedietaryenergyrequirementreferstotheamountofenergyconsideredadequatetomeettheenergyneedsfornormativeaverageacceptableweightforattainedheightwhileperformingmoderatephysicalactivityingoodhealth.

BalancedDiet:thefoodconsumptionpatternisbalancedwhenthecontributionofenergy-yieldingnutrientstototalenergyiswithinacceptablerangesasfollows:proteinsfrom10to15percent;fatsfrom15to30percent;andcarbohydratesfrom55to75percent.

Malnutrition:Isabroadtermcommonlyusedasanalternativetounder-nutrition,buttechnicallyitalsoreferstoover-nutritionandimbalancednutrition.Malnutritioncanresultfromalackofmacronutrients(carbohydrates,proteinandfat),micronutrients(vitaminsandminerals),orboth.Peoplearealsomalnourishediftheyconsumetoomanycalories(over-nutrition).'HiddenHunger’,ormicronutrientdeficiency,iswidespreadindevelopingcountries.Itoccurswhenessentialvitaminsand/ormineralsarenotpresentinadequateamountsinthediet.ThemostcommonmicronutrientdeficienciesarevitaminA,iron,folate(vitaminB9),iodineandzinc.

Stunting:Isaconditionwhenachildistooshortfortheirage.Itiscausedbylong-terminsufficientnutrientintakeand/orfrequentinfections.

Underweight:Isaconditionwhenachildweighslessthanthenormativeaverageacceptableweightfortheirage.Underweightisacombinationofstuntingandwasting,withoutdistinguishingbetweenthetwo.

Wasted:Isaconditionwhenachildistoothinfortheirage.Itisusuallytheresultofacutesignificantfoodshortageand/ordisease.Wastingisconsideredthebestindicatorfordeterminingachild’scurrent

nutritionriskbecauseitreflectsthepresentsituationandisagoodpredictorofimmediatemortalityrisk.

Stuntingandotherformsofunder-nutrition(underweight,wasting)reduceachild’schanceofsurvivalandimpedeoptimalhealthandgrowth,impactingnegativelyonbraindevelopment,whichislikelytoresultinlong-lastingharmfuleffectsforcognitiveability,schoolperformance,productivityandthusfutureearnings.Theconsequencesofstuntingareserious,life-longandirreversible.Figure1belowdepictstheprevalenceoftheaboveconditionsinchildrenacrossthecountry.

Source:NSO2009-2010HIESSummaryReport,Table5.14

Resilience:istheabilityofasystemanditscomponentpartstoanticipate,absorb,accommodateorrecoverfromtheeffectsofahazardouseventinatimelyandefficientmanner,includingthroughensuringthepreservation,restorationorimprovementofitsessentialbasicstructuresandfunctions.1

VulnerableGroup:Agroupofpeoplewithcommoncharacteristics,ahighproportionofwhomarefoodinsecureoratriskofbecomingfood-insecure.2

ConceptsItisnowwidelyacceptedthatfourkeydimensionsoffood(andnutrition)securityare:1)availability(sufficientquantitiesofappropriatequalityfood,throughdomesticproductionorimportsandtheircost-effectivedistributiontoconsumers);2)access(ofindividualstoadequateresourcesforacquiring

1IPCC(2012)Managingtherisksofextremeeventsanddisasterstoadvanceclimatechangeadaptation,SpecialReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC):Geneva,IPCCSecretariat2FAO(2009)GlossaryonRighttoFood,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,December2009,Rome

National Southern Highlands Momase Islands

Prevalen

Figure1:Nutritionalstatusofchildrenunder5acrossPNG

underweight(WAZ˂-2) stunting(HAZ˂-2) wasting(WHZ˂-2)

appropriatefoodsforahealthydiet);3)utilization(throughadequatediet,cleanwater,sanitation,healthcareandnutritionalawarenesstoreachastateofnutritionalwell-being);and4)stability(theabilitytomaintaintheabovethreefactorsduringsuddenshocksorcyclicalevents).ThesepillarswiththeirkeydimensionsdetailedareshowninFigure2below.

Gendersensitiveapproach:Theconceptofgender-sensitivityhasbeendevelopedasawaytoreducebarrierstopersonalandeconomicdevelopmentcreatedbydiscriminationagainstwomen.Ithelpstogeneraterespectfortheindividualregardlessofsexorgenderroles.Italsoopensupthewidestpossiblerangeoflifeoptionsforbothwomenandman.Applyingagendersensitiveapproachmeansgoingbeyondequalityinthelegalsystem,byconsideringthedifferencesinlivingconditionsandinterestsof

AvailabilityAfunctionof:

domesticproduction

foodimports

foodstocks

donations(foodaid)

AccessAfunctionof:

houseeholdsubsistencefood

production

purchasingpower(atnationaland

household level)

transport/marketinfrastructure

formalsafetynets

informalcopingstrategies

StabilityAfunctionof:

seasonality

humanmade/naturaldisasters

wateravailability

marketprice

political&lawandorderenvironments

UtilizationAfunctionof

healthstatus

foodsafety&nutritionalquality

potablewatersupply

sanitationfacilities/practices

caringandfeedingpractices

knowledge/education

Figure2:TheFourPillarsofFoodSecurity

womenandmenfromtheoutset,andinaconsistentmanner,whenformulatingandimplementingasocialpolicy,programorproject.3

SustainableFoodValueChain(VC):referstothefullrangeoffarmsandfirmsandtheirsuccessivecoordinatedvalue-addingactivitiesthatproduceparticularrawagriculturalmaterialsandtransformthemintoparticularfoodproductsthataresoldtofinalconsumersanddisposedofafteruse,inamannerthatisprofitablethroughout,hasbroad-basedbenefitsforsociety,anddoesnotpermanentlydepletenaturalresources.4

Fourcorefunctions(links)canbedistinguishedinthevaluechain:production(e.g.farmingorfishing),aggregation,processinganddistribution(wholesaleandretail).TheaggregationstepisespeciallyrelevantforfoodVCsinPNG;efficientlyaggregatingandstoringthesmallvolumesofproducefromwidelydispersedsmallholderproducersisoftenamajorchallenge.Theaggregationfunctioncanbetakenonbyproducergroups,byintermediariesspecializedinaggregation,byfoodprocessorsorbyfooddistributors(wholesalersorretailers).

3FAO(2009)Ibid4FAO(2014)Developingsustainablefoodvaluechains–Guidingprinciples.Rome

3. PolicyContextandDirectionsVisionAllPapuaNewGuineanswillbefoodsecureprincipallyfromdomesticallyproducednutritiousfoodandleadhealthy,activeandproductivelives.

PrinciplesThispolicyisframedinthecontextof:

v Basichumanrights,childrightsandwomen’srights,includingtheuniversal‘RighttoFood’.

v Equity,respectandinclusionofthevoicesofthevulnerable(includingwomen,youth,elderlyandthosewithdisabilities).

v Respectingculturalvaluesandtraditionaldecisionmakingstructures.v Respectingandpromotingbiodiversityandenvironmentalsustainability.v Buildingonthenation’sstrategicassetsandcomparativeadvantage.v Decentralization,withcentralauthorityperformingonlythosetaskswhichcannotbe

performedeffectivelyatamoreimmediateorlocallevel.v Privatesector-ledfoodsectorgrowthv Adoptingagender-sensitiveapproachv Adoptingamulti-stakeholderandmulti-sectorapproachtotacklingfoodandnutrition

security.v Beingnutritionsensitive,gearedatachievingnutritionalimpact.v Utilizingscience-basedresources.v Strengtheningfoodandnutritionsecurityinformationinordertobettertarget

vulnerablegroups.

Theseprinciplesareconsideredessentialtoprotecthumanrightsandculturalvalues,sustaintheresourcebaseandpromoteequitablesocialandeconomicdevelopmentandtheyunderpinthedevelopmentandorientationofthispolicy.TheimplementationofstrategicactionsunderthispolicywillbeguidedbytheseprincipleswhichrespectthefiveNationalGoalsandDirectivePrinciplesoftheConstitutionwhichare:1.IntegralHumanDevelopment;2.EqualityandParticipation;3.NationalSovereigntyandSelfReliance;4.NaturalResourcesandEnvironment;and5.PapuaNewGuineanWays.

PNGVision2050Targets:• Healthy,Empowered,Educated,HappyPopulation• Top50inUnitedNationsHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)ranking

GoalToenableallPapuaNewGuineanstoaccessandconsumesufficient,safe,affordable,andnutritiousfoodatalltimes.

KeyindicatorsandtargetsBy2027:

ü Inchildrenaged6-59months,theprevalenceofmoderatestunting(HAZ˂-2and˃-3)willbereducedtolessthan30percent,moderateunderweight(WAZ˂-2and˃-3)willbereducedtolessthan10percent,andmoderatewasting(WHZ˂-2and˃-3)willbereducedtolessthan2percent.

ü PrevalenceofAnemiainchildrenaged6-59monthsandnon-pregnantwomenaged15-49yearswillbereducedtolessthan25percentand15percentrespectively.

ü Prevalenceofoverweightintheadultpopulation≤20percentü Principallythroughsustainableincreaseinsmallholderyields,thecompositestaplefood

productionindexwillincreasefromthe2000level5(=100)by70percent(=170).ü Theaveragepercapitaconsumptionofricewillbe≤30kgü Theratio:FoodandBeverageImports/TotalImports≤11percentü Theaverageconsumptionoffoodproteinprincipallyfromdomesticallyproducedmeat,

fishandplantsourceswillbe≥0.8g/kgbodyweight/dayü Householddietarydiversityscore:≥5numberoffoodgroupsconsumedfor≥50percent

ofpopulation.ü CPIannualaveragefoodpriceinflation≤3percentü Women’sshareofhouseholdincomeincreased

Toachievethesetargetscoordinatedactionswillberequiredtosuccessfullyimplementthispolicytogetherwiththenationalnutritionpolicyandnationalfoodsafetypolicy.Additionally,significantimprovementinthetransportinfrastructure,water,sanitationandhygiene(WaSH)environmentsmustbeadvanced.

Whilstrecognizingthecrucialimportanceofmulti-sectorinterventionstoaddressthefoodandnutritionsecurityissuesthecountryfaces,thispolicyprincipallyidentifiesandprioritizesactionsinfivestrategicactionareaswhichwillmakeagricultureworkbetterforgoodnutritionandhealth.Thisfocusischosenbecauseultimatelyfoodinsecurityresultsinmalnutritionandhealthissues.Thepolicycomplementsotheragriculturepoliciessuchasthericepolicyandthepromotionofexportcropsunderthenationalagricultureplanframeworkwhicharealsoareasvitalforlivelihoods,employment,economicdevelopmentandfoodsecurity.

FivePriorityStrategicActionAreas

1. Productivityandfarmoutputgrowthofthemainfoodstaples,horticulture,smalllivestockandfishfarmingandincreasingefficienciesalongtheentirefoodvaluechain.

2. Buildingstabilityandresilienceintofoodproductionandsupplysystems.

5Thelatestnationalsurveyandevidence-baseddataassessmentavailable

3. Enhancednutrientcontentandbalanceoffoodproductsconsumedbynutritionallyvulnerablehouseholdsandindividuals.

4. Empowermentofwomeninagriculture.5. Strengthenedgovernance,coordination,monitoringandcommunication.

CoreGovernmentLegislationandPolicies

Policies,PlansandLegislationrelevanttonationalfood(andnutrition)securitypolicy:

PolicyArea Policies/plans LegislationMacro-overarching

DevelopmentFiscal/Monetary/ExchangeRateTradeLabour/WagePopulationSecurity

Vision2050DevelopmentStrategicPlan(DSP)2010-2030NationalStrategyforResponsibleSustainableDevelopmentforPapuaNewGuinea(2014)AlotauAccord2012MediumTermDevelopmentPlan2(2016-2017)BankofPapuaNewGuineaMonetaryPolicyStatements(6monthly) NationalPopulationPolicy(NPP3)2015-2024PNGNationalSecurityPolicyPNGSocialProtectionPolicy2015(draft)

ConstitutionoftheIndependentStateofPapuaNewGuineaCustomsActCustomsTariffAct(Import&ExportCustomsTariff)PNGLaborAct1978PublicFinancialManagementAct1995PNGPublicServicesManagementAct1995

Decentralization ProvincialDevelopmentPlansDistrictDevelopmentPlansDistrictServicesImprovementProgram(DSIP)LocalLevelGovernmentServicesImprovementProgram(LLGSIP)

OrganicLawonProvincialandLocalLevelGovernments(OLPLLG)1998ProvincialAuthoritiesAct2007DistrictDevelopmentAuthoritiesAct2014

PrivateSector PublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)Policy(2008)SmallandMediumEnterprise(SME)Policy2015(draft)

Land SpecialAgricultural&BusinessLeases(SABLs) LandAct1996LandTenureConversionActRevisedLandGroupIncorporationAct2009LandRegistrationAct

Agriculture NationalAgricultureDevelopmentPlan(NADP)2007-2016NationalRicePolicy2015-2030NARIStrategyandResultsFramework2011-2020

(Bill)NationalAgricultureAdministrationAct2014(Bill)AgricultureInvestmentCorporationAct2014NationalAgricultureResearchInstituteAct1997AnimalDiseaseandControlAct1952AnimalsAct1952

Fisheries NationalTunaManagementPlanBechdemerManagementPlanBarramundiManagementPlanGulfofPapuaPrawnFishery(GOPPF)ManagementPlan

FisheriesManagementRegulation2000FisheriesManagementAct1998

SharkFisheryManagementPlanLobsterFisheryManagementPlanFishingAggregatingDevice(FAD)ManagementPolicyTrialFishingPolicyNationalAquacultureDevelopment.PolicyOrangerieBayManagementPlanLiveReefFishFoodPolicy

NationalFisheriesAuthorityAct1987

Biosecurity NationalAgricultureQuarantine&InspectionAuthorityAct1997

Environment–ForestryBiodiversityConservationClimatechange

NationalForestPolicy1991NationalForestryGuidelines2009ForestryandClimateChangeFrameworkforAction2009–2015NationalBiodiversityActionPlanNationalClimateChangePolicy

EnvironmentAct2000National Forestry AuthorityAct1988ForestryAct1991

DisasterManagement NationalDisasterRiskManagementPlan

Health PNGNationalHealthPlan2011–2020PNGChildHealthPolicy(2009)PNG National Early Childhood Care andDevelopmentPolicy(2007)InfantandYoungChildFeedingPolicy2014SchoolHealthPolicy2005–2015NationalHealthPartnershipPolicy(2013)(draft)NationalNutritionPolicy2015-2024(draft)NationalFoodSafetyPolicy2014-2024

NationalHealthAdministrationAct1997PNGPublicHealthAct1973PNGFoodSanitationAct1991&Regulation2007

Education NationalPlanforEducation2005-2014

Infrastructure PNGNationalWaterSanitationandHygiene(WaSH)Policy2015-2030

NationalWaterandSewerageAct1986NCDWaterSupplyandSewerageAct1996

Gender NationalPolicyforWomenandGenderEquality2011-2015

4. PoliciesandStrategies

StrategicActionArea1:Productivityandfarmoutputgrowthofthemainfoodstaples,horticulture,smalllivestockandfishfarmingandincreasingefficienciesalongtheentirefoodvaluechain

Outcome1:Localfoodproductionincreasedandproducersbetterlinkedthroughefficientvaluechainstoprofitablemarketsandconsumers

Athrivingagriculturalsectorisneededtoreducepoverty,providefoodandnutritionsecurityandpromoteeconomicgrowthinruralareasandournationasawhole.Agrowingagriculturesectorwillalsopromoteruraldevelopment.Adequatepublicandprivateinvestmentforagriculturesectordevelopmentwithanappropriatelevelofinvestmentinsmallholderagriculture,foodmarketingandthefoodvaluechainwillthereforebeessentialtoachievingthefoodsecuritygoal.

Enhancingsmallholderproductivity,productioncapacityandrelatedvaluechaincompetivenessiscriticalforprotectingandsustainingfoodsecurityinPNG.Increasedagriculturalproductivitycanimprovenutritioninseveralways—byincreasingconsumptionfromone’sownproduction,bygeneratingmoreincometobuymorenutritiousfoodandobtainhealthcare,andbyreducingfoodprices.

Thenecessarysustainableincreaseinagriculturalproductionandproductivitytostrengthenfoodsecurityisultimatelydependentonprivatesectoractivity(particularlythecurrentlandholdersandvaluechainserviceproviders)andGovernmentwillthusstrivetocreateastablemacroeconomicandtransparentcoherentpolicyenvironmentconducivetogreaterengagementofprivate-sector,smallandmediumenterprises(SMEs)andsmallholderagriculturalinvestments.Theaimwillbetoimprovefoodvaluechainefficienciesandtargetinvestmentsintoprogramswhichhavethebestpotentialtoincreasecountry-widenutritiousfoodsupply,distributionandmarketing.

Investmentinagriculturalresearchandextensionwillalsobevitaltomeetthegrowingfooddemandsandbuildresilientfarmingsystems.PNGhasastrongnationalagricultureresearchcapacitythroughitsnationalinstituteanduniversitieswhichmustbesustainedandexpanded.StrongcoordinationbetweentheresearchagenciesandtheDALwillbeessentialtogetherwithincreaseddeliveryofimprovedtechnologyoutputsofresearchtofarmers’fields,andtovaluechainserviceproviders.Particularlyimportantwillbetoimprovevalueadditionandreducevalue-chainwastage.

Extensionservicesarelikelytoinvolveavarietyofwell-coordinatedarrangementsofpublic,NGOandprivateplayersincludingfarmerandsupply

Strategy1.1:Improvesmallholderagriculturalproductionandproductivityfocusingonmaintainingcontinuityinsupplyofarangeofqualityproductstoimprovenutritionalhealthstatus.

Strategy1.2:Increaseinvestmentinadaptiveresearchanddevelopmentbuildingonlocalknowledgeandagro-biodiversitytoincreaseoveralldomesticfoodproduction,relatedvaluechaindevelopmentandsupportforcompetitivesmallholderagriculturalenterprises.

Strategy1.3:Improvethedeliveryofextensionservicestosmallholderfarmersandfoodvaluechainparticipants.

Strategy1.4:Inthecropsector,increasefocusongreaterproductivityandconsistentsupplyofadiverserangeofqualitynutritiousfoodcropsinrain-fedlowinputsystems.

Strategy1.5:Increasecompetivenessoflivestockproductionandproductivityofvaluechainsforsmallanimalsandtheirproducts(pigs,goatsandpoultryincludingegglayers).

chaingroups.Theywillbefarmerandsupplychaindemand-driven,marketorientedanduseparticipatoryapproaches.Althoughextensionserviceswillbedirectedtoallproducersandvaluechainserviceproviders,specialattentionwillbegiventowomeninrecognitionoftheircriticalroleinfamilyhouseholdmanagementandfoodproduction.WhilsttheprimaryroleoftheCommodityBoardsistopromoteexportcropdevelopmenttheyalsocanplayanimportantroleinfacilitatingtransferofimprovedinputs,informationandtechnologiesfornutritiousfoodproduction.Iffarmhouseholdsarewell-fedandfoodsecurityisassuredgreaterattentionwillbepaidtoproductiveexportcropenterprises.Thisapproachwillenhancethevitalrolethatcashearnedfromtheexportscropsplaysinimprovingaccesstofoodforfarmhouseholds.

Recognizingthatalargeproportionofourfarmersdonothaveaccesstoirrigatedfarmlandincreasedattentionwillbefocusedonimprovingrain-fedfoodproductionsystemsparticularlyinuplandandhillsidelocations.Priorityinterventionswillincludepromotingconservationagricultureandincreaseddiversificationofdomesticfoodproductiontoimprovehouseholdaccesstoawiderrangeofnutritionallyadequatefoods.

Waterwillincreasinglybeaconstraintinagriculturalproductionthereforeimprovedirrigatedwatermanagementwillalsobeimportant.Protecting,maintainingandbuildingwaterstorageandsupplycapacityforagriculturalpurposes(includingstrategicallyplaceddams)willbecritical.

Agriculturalpracticesshouldpromoteadequate,healthyfoodwhileprotectingandcontributingtoenvironmentalsustainability.Governmentwillpromotefarmingsystemsandecosystemsperspectiveswhichencourageenvironmentallyfriendlyproductionsystems,includingintegratedcropmanagement,integratedpestmanagement,soilfertilitymanagement,agroforestryandaquaculture.Increasedattentionwillbegiventolandcapabilityassessmentinguidingchoiceofappropriatefarmingsystemsandagriculturalpractices.

Anessentialpreconditionforanysuccessfulproductiveenterpriseisthattheremustbeanidentifiedandsustainedmarketfortheproductthathaspotentialtoprovideproducersconsistentandattractivefinancialbenefits,andaviableproductdistributionandvalue-managementchainlinkingtheproducerstothemarketandtotheconsumerstogivetheconfidencetomakethenecessaryinvestmentsandchangesinpracticetosupplythesemarkets.Ademonstratedmarketdemandandfacilitatedaccesstomarketsisnecessarytostimulatesmallholdercommercialization.Forthistoberealizedimprovementinmarketlinkagesandproductqualityareneeded.Intimesofastrongandsustainedmarketdemandfarmerswillmoreactivelyseekandadoptproductivityenhancingtechnologyandmanagementmethodsaswellasimprovedpost-harvesthandlingandvalueaddingtechnologies.

Strategy1.6:Protectandenhancewatersourcesandstrengthenwaterandsoilusemanagementandapplicationofappropriate-scaleirrigationtechnologies.

Strategy1.7:improvethemanagementofcoastalandinlandfisheriesandsupportthedevelopmentofsustainableaquacultureandthevaluechainsfortheiroutputs.

Strategy1.8:Promoteandstrengthenpartnershipsforawholeofvaluechainapproachtofacilitatetheestablishmentofefficientviablecompetitivefoodproduction,distributionandmarketingfrominputsupplies,throughfarmproduction,distributionandprocessingtoendmarketsandconsumers.

Strategy1.9:Encourageandsupporttheformationofsmallandmediumenterprises(SME)inthefoodsector.

Strategy1.10:Strengthenvaluechain/marketinfrastructure,marketinformationandbusinesssupportservices(includingfinancialinclusionandaffordablecreditfacilities,businessskillsdevelopmentandtraining)tosmallfarmers,fishersandSMEsinthefoodsector.

Strategy1.11:Ensurethatallinterventionprogramsaregenderfocusedandgenderresponsive.

AneffectiveNationalFoodMarketingSystem(NFMS)isessentialtoprovidereliableandaffordablelocalfoodproducetothegrowingPNGpopulation.ThereforeGovernmentwillpromoteawholeofvaluechainapproachworkinginpartnershipwiththefarmingcommunity,traders,transporterswholesalers,retailersandagri-businessesinthefoodindustrytofacilitateandsupporttheestablishmentofefficientviableandcost-effectivefoodvaluechainsfrominputsupplies,throughfarmproduction,distributionlogisticstoendmarketsandconsumers.

InlinewiththeNationalAquaculturePolicyandfisheriesprioritiesgreaterfocuswillbegiventoensuringabettersupplyoffisheryproductstodomesticmarketsandraisingnationalconsumptionoffisheryproducts.

Reinforcingmarketchainsforproductsbasedonlocalandtraditionalnutritiousfoodcropsandseafood,wheresmall-farmersandfishershavespecialisedknowledgewillbeencouraged.Theseproductsstrengthenresilienceandreduceriskforsmallfarmersbecausetheycanflexiblyshiftbetweenproductionforhomeconsumptionandthemarketdependingonopportunity.

AtthepresentstageofPNG’seconomicandprivatesectordevelopment,supportingmarketlinkagesforthemajorityofsmallholders/ruralpopulationremainsapublicgood.Alsopossibleuseoftargetedtimeboundsubsidiestoaddressmarketfailuresneedtobeconsidered(examplescouldbeforfarminginputs/improvedplantingmaterialsandseeds,transport,coldstorageanddistributioninfrastructureandinformation).Whensubsidiesareprovidedthesewillaimtoimprovequalityfoodproduction,supplyanddistribution,butnotdistortmarketsforprivatesectoractivity.Itistheprivatesectortraderswhoultimatelywillbethemostimportantandsustainablelinkforfarmers’accesstomarketsforoutputs,inputsandusefulinformation.

Improvedroadtransportservicesalongwithstrategicallylocatedcoolstoragefacilitiesandimprovedmarketinfrastructure(alongwithessentialutilities,includingreliablepowersupply,safewaterandtelecommunications)areessentialrequirementsforboostingdomestictradeinagricultureandfisheriesproducts.Whenmunicipalmarketplacesofferagoodarrayandqualityofproducetheymakeamajorcontributiontosmallbusinessenterprisedevelopmentandfoodsecurity.Apolicyprioritythereforeistocontinuetoimprovedomesticmarket,storageanddistributioninfrastructureandpost-harvestmanagementforperishableproducts(includingforlivestockandfisheriesproducts)asameanstostimulatelocalfoodproduction,enhancefoodqualityandsafetyandreducewastage,thusincreasingmarketopportunities,employmentandruralincomes.Domesticmarketingislargelytheresponsibilityofwomenandtheyshouldbefullyinvolvedandleadinginitiativesandindecision-makinginplanningofmarketdevelopmentsandmarketmanagement.

StrategicActionArea2:Buildingstabilityandresilienceintofoodproductionandsupplysystems.

Outcome2:Enhancedstabilityandresilienceinfoodproductionandsupply

Sustainablemanagementofagriculture,forestandfisheriesresourcesandsoilandwaterresourcesunderpinstheachievementofsustainablelivelihoodsandfoodandnutritionsecurityforallPapuaNewGuineans.Theseresourcesareasourceoffood,shelterandeconomicdevelopment,thusmanagingthemsustainablyiscrucialtoensuringtheycontinuetoprovideimportantecosystemservicessuchasclimatechangemitigation,watershedprotection,biodiversityconservationandfoodproduction.

SteepslopeswithshallowsoilswhereagricultureisfrequentlypracticedinPapuaNewGuineaareverysusceptibletoerosion.Unsustainablelanduseandforestdegradationhasalreadytakenaheavytollonthewatercycle,resultinginperiodicwatershortages,flashfloodsandlandslides.Theinevitableconsequencesarelowercropyields,cropfailuresandfoodshortages.Healthywatercatchments,rivers,forestsandsoilsarenecessaryforproductivefarmsandahealthypopulation.PNG’slandandwaterresourcesmustbemanagedtoavoidfurtherdegradationandtominimizetheriskofenvironmentaldamageandlossofbiodiversity.Forestprotection,reforestationandsustainableland,soilandwatermanagementremainhighpriorities.

ClimatestudiespredictthattheclimateinPapuaNewGuineawillbecomewarmerandwetterandtheintensityofextremerainfalleventswillincrease.FormostofPNG,anincreaseintotalrainfallandalessseasonaldistributionwouldhaveanegativeimpactonagriculture.IfENSOeventsoccurmoreoftenassomemodelspredict,morefrostswillresultathigh-altitudelocationswhichwillalsohavenegativeimpactonagriculture.Suchpotentialimpactsofclimatechangeposefurtherchallengesforfarmersandthreatstostabilityinfoodproduction.Increaseinrainfallintensityandchangingrainfallpatternswouldexacerbatesoilerosion,landslides,localfloodingandwateravailability.

Warmertemperaturesarealsolikelytoincreasetheincidenceofsomecropandlivestockdiseasesandvector-bornediseasessuchasmalariaanddenguefever.Floods,droughtandothernaturaldisasters—madeworsebyclimatechange—cantransformmarginalformsofpovertyintochronicvulnerabilityandfoodandnutritioninsecurity.Boldactionsareneededtoprotect,restore,andmanageland,soil,andwatersustainablytoalleviateruralpovertyandhungerandensurelong-termfoodsecurity.Increasedattentionneedstobepaidtolandcapabilityandlanduseplanning.

Strategy2.1:Enhancecapacitiesinruralcommunities,landownersandfarmerstousenaturalresourcesinasustainablemannertosupportanadequateandstablesupplyofdomesticallyproducednutritiousfood.

Strategy2.2:Conserveandincreasetheuseoftraditionalcropbiodiversity(andindigenoussmalllivestockbreeds),andcautiouslyintroducenewcropvarietieswhichcanextendthetolerancerangeofcropgrowingconditions(e.g.todrought,excessmoisture,salinesoilconditionsandhighertemperatures).

Strategy2.3:Developandextend‘climatesmart’traditionalandscience-basedagriculturaltechnologiesandpractices.

Strategy2.4:Ensureawell-functioningbiosecurityservicetoensureadequatelevelsofmanagementandcontrolofspreadofendemicallyoccurringpestsanddiseasesandprotectionofPNG’splantandanimalhealthstatusfromestablishmentandspreadofintroducedexoticpestsanddiseases.

PNG is blessed with a wide diversity of plant genetic resources. The broadgeneticbaseof foodcropscurrentlyavailable inPNGprovides resilienceandtoleranceagainstmajorpest anddiseaseoutbreaks andwill provide farmerswithmoreoptionstomeetfuturethreatsandchallengesincludingthepotentialimpactsofclimatechange.Maintainingandutilizingthisrichgeneticpoolforfood crop improvement including increased productivity, quality andnutritionalvaluewillbevitaltoensuresustainablefoodsecurityinPNG.

Additionally,ensuringnationalbio-securityisalsoessentialtoprotectingbiodiversityandmaintainingproductivecapacityforfoodsecurityandtoprotectplant,animalandhumanhealth.Strengtheningbiosecuritycontrolandinterventionstargetingendemicemergingpestsanddiseases,particularlyinrespectofmeasurestopreventandmangerisksoftheirspreadandadaptationtoadditionalhostcrops.;strengtheningquarantinebordercontrols,harmonizationofbiosecurity,foodsafetyandcustomsclearancecontrolsthrough‘singlewindow’processingintegration,andensuringthatimportandexportactivitiescomplywithinternationalquarantinestandardsarethereforehighpriorities.Asisdevelopingcontingencyresponseplansforinvasivepestanddiseaseincursions.

Establishingriskmanagementsystemsandtools,toprovidefood-basedsafetynetsthatofferimmediaterelieftodisadvantagedgroupsduringcrises;buildingadequateemergencyfoodreservesandreliefsystems(includingseedbanks)asabuffertonaturalandhuman-madedisasters;andoverthelonger-termpreservingandextendingfoodcropgeneticbiodiversityandadopting‘climatesmart’agriculturalpracticestosustainagriculturalproductivitywillallbenecessarytoprotectfoodandnutritionsecurity.

Systemsforimproveddisastermitigationandaddressingrisksarebeingputinplaceanddisasterpreparednessandmanagementplansshouldindicatehowfoodandagriculturalsystemswillbeeffectivelymanagedandprotectedintimesofdisastersandcrisis.TheFoodSecuritypolicyframeworkwillbealignedtonationaldisasterpreparednessandmitigationpolicy.

Maintainingstrategicfoodreservesprovideacriticalbufferduringtimesofdisasterorcrisisforvulnerablecommunities.Thesebufferstocksneedtobewellmanagedtoensuresufficientavailabilityofgoodqualityfoodintimesofneed.Thispolicywillpromoteandsupportimprovedstrategicfoodstoragefromfarmhouseholdlevel,throughtovillage,districtandnationallevels.Recognizingthehighcostsofmaintainingphysicalfoodstocksandthepotentialthesehavetodistortmarketsignals,approacheswhichinvolvecommercialsectorfoodtradersholdingmandatedstrategicbufferstockstomitigateshort-termsupplyshockswillbeexplored.

Inaddition,processing,preservationandconsumptionoffoodgrainandespeciallypulsecropsbecauseoftheirbetterstorageattributes,comparedtotraditionalrootandtubercropswillbepromoted.Athouseholdlevelbuildingcapacityinsmallscalefoodprocessing,preservationandsafestorage(e.g.

Strategy2.5:Exploreandpromoteappropriateapproachestomaintainingadequatestrategicfoodreserves.

Strategy2.6:Buildcapacityinsmallscalefoodprocessing,preservationandstorageathouseholdandcommunitylevels.

Strategy2.7:Streamlineandimprovecoordinationofhumanitarianfooddistributiontovulnerablehouseholdsandcommunitiesintimesofdisastersandextremeneed.

cassavaflour,driedfruitsetc.)tosupplementhouseholdfoodsuppliesduringleanperiodswillbesupported.Processingoffoodstoallowforlongerpreservationalsocontributestodietdiversity.

Theprivatesectorfood(e.g.rice)distributionnetworkappearedtofunctionwellfollowingthe1997drought–relativetothepublicsector/aiddistributionsystems-thereforeanappropriateapproach,undersuchcircumstanceswhereprivatefoodmarketsareoperating,maybeforgovernment(andaidagencies)todeliverfoodvouchers(ratherthanbagsofrice)tohouseholdsinvulnerablecommunitieswhohaveaccesstopurchasericefromthecommercialdistributionsystem.Thisshouldalsobetteraccommodatetargetingtotheneediestandstrengthenratherthancompetewithprivatebusinessoperations.However,thereshallremainacriticalneedforaid-distributedfoodsuppliesforthesubsectorofPNGsocietythatdoesnothaveaccesstofoodmarketsofanykind.

Fromtheperspectiveofimprovingtargetingofinterventions(particularlytodisadvantagedandvulnerablegroups),aspromulgatedinthispolicy,itwillbenecessarytodevelopamoredisaggregateddatabaseatthedistrictandlocallevels.TheGovernmentalsorecognizestheneedtohaveinplaceaneffectiveearlywarningsystemthatprovidesalertsonnutritionandfoodinsecuritywhichmaybeprecipitatedbyemergenciessuchasdrought,floods,tsunami,earthquakeorunfavorablefoodmarketconditions.Thisinformationisnecessarytoimprovegovernment’sabilitytoquicklyrespondtoreducefoodinsecurityandefficientlyallocateitsmaterialandfinancialresourcestowheretheyaremostneeded.

StrategicActionArea3:Enhancednutrientcontentandbalanceoffoodproductsconsumedbynutritionallyvulnerablehouseholdsandindividuals.

Outcome3:Vulnerablehouseholdsandindividualsconsumingahealthybalancednutritiousdiet

ToaddressmalnutritioninPNGagriculturalpolicies,programs,andinvestmentsneedtobedesignedandimplementedtoachieveclearnutritiongoals.Effectivestrategiestoenhancefoodandnutritionsecuritymustalsotakeintoaccounttheneedsofthosewhoalreadylackfoodandnutritionsecurityandthosevulnerabletoalackoffoodandnutritionsecurity.Healthyfood,alongwithhealthcareandeducation,mustbeavailabletoallregardlessofincome.

PapuaNewGuineadisplaysanenormousdiversityinitsgeography,ecologyandhumanbiology;thediversityofthelandscape,andagricultureandculturalpracticesresultinwidedifferencesinthenutritionoutcomesamongtheregions.Athouseholdlevel,familywealthandgeographiclocationaresignificantfactorsassociatedwithmalnutritionofchildren,withchildrenfrompoorerfamiliesbeingsignificantlymorelikelytobemalnourished.

AdequatenutritionofchildreninPNGiscloselyassociatedwiththefoodproductionsystemswheretheyliveandbydifferencesindiet.MostofthefactorsassociatedwithchildgrowthcanberelatedinoneformoranothertodifferencesinlocalsubsistenceagriculturemakingagricultureoneofthemaindeterminantsofchildgrowthandnutritionpatternsinPNG.Qualityofthefoodconsumedisasimportantasthequantity,fortheimprovementinnutritionalstatus.Thequalityoffood(forexample,intakeofproteinandfats)resultsingreatvariationintheextentofprotein-energymalnutritionamongchildren.Thereforeincreasingavailabilityandaccesstonutrientdense/proteinrichfoodssuchfish,animalmeats,eggsandlegumepulsesisastrategicpriority.Additionally,peopleneedtobeempoweredeconomicallytoaccessandconsumethesenutritiousfoodsandprovidedwithinformationtoenablethemtomakehealthyfoodchoices.

Ournationalfoodsecuritystrategieshaveoftenfocusedmoregenerallyonagricultureandfoodsupply,neglectingtheimportanceoffoodqualitytonutrition.Goingforward,effectiveprogramsandprojectswillneedtobelocationspecific,designedtomeetthespecificneedsofparticularregions,areasordistricts.Moreover,acknowledgingresourceconstraints(bothhumanandfinancial)meansthatprogramresponseswillneedtobenutritionfocusedandtargetedtothoseareasingreatestneed.Therefore,improved

Strategy3.1:Strengthencapacitytomapallcommunitiesnationallythatareparticularlyvulnerabletolackoffoodandwatersecurityandgoodnutritionandensurethatappropriateinterventionsaretargetedtoreachthesegroups.

Strategy3.2:Boostresearchintonutrientrichcropsandimprovedlivestockbreeds.

Strategy3.3:Increaseavailabilityoffoodfromanimal(includingfish)sourcesathouseholdlevel.

Strategy3.4:UseagricultureasaplatformfordeliveryofmessagingonnutritionknowledgeandpracticesandworkcloselywiththeVocationalSchoolsineachdistrict.

Strategy3.5:Promoteincreasedconsumptionofdiversediets(includingprotein-richproductsespeciallymeat,eggs&fish)particularlyamongpregnantwomen,adolescentgirls,andyoungchildren.

Strategy3.6:Throughpartnershipsbetweeneducation,agricultureandhealth,trialschoolfeedingprogramsincorporatinglocallyproducednutritiousfoods.

foodandnutritionsecurityinformationwillbevitalforbetterdecisionmakingonprograminterventionsindifferentlocations.

Peoplefromallincomegroupsareexperiencinghealthproblemsandsometimesprematuredeathsduetoarangeoffactorsincludingpoorqualitydiet,lessthanoptimalnutrition,andexposuretounsafefoodandwater.Poordietarypracticesresultfromlimitedaccesstoqualitynutritioninformationandservicesandthelowpurchasingpowerfornutritiousfood.Consequently,manyofourchildrenandadultsdonoteatabalanceddietwiththerecommendedamountofcarbohydratestaples,protein-richfoods(meatandfish),vegetablesandfruit.Studentswithdecreasedoveralldietqualityaremorelikelytoperformpoorlyinschool,andhavemorebehavioralandemotionalproblems.Butlowawarenessonnutritionbymothers,fathersandcommunityleadersremainsoneoftheprimaryfactorsunderminingnutritionrelatedprograms.Agricultureprogramsthatdirectlyinteractwithfarmersofferasignificantopportunitytodeliverinformationaboutpracticesandbehaviorsthatimprovenutritionalongsideinformationonagriculture.

Governmentwillthereforestrengthenandexpandthisintegrationofnutritioneducationintoouragriculturalprograms.Particularattentionwillbefocusedonlocally-adaptedcropvarietiesrichinmicronutrientsandproteintogetherwithincreasingavailabilityoffoodfromanimal(includingfish)sourceathouseholdlevel.Supportwillbedirectedtoproductionofsmalllivestock,poultryandegglayersandaquaculturebecausetheyofferuniqueopportunitiestoimprovedietarydiversityandnutritionatthehouseholdlevel.Extendingthedistributionofimprovedsmalllivestockbreedsandaquaculturefingerlingsaswellasimprovinglocallivestockfeedsourceswillbeimportant.Inparticular,wewillworktoreachwomenfarmersandtoensurethattheirincreasedproductivitywilltranslateintoimprovedhealthandnutritionfortheirfamilies.Schoolfoodgardenswillalsobeencouraged.

Whilstunder-nutritionremainsacriticalchallengeoverweightandobesityisashighas25percentamongadultsinsomecommunitieswhichisasignificantriskfactorfortheincreaseinlifestylerelatednon-communicablediseases(NCDs).Improvingtheavailabilityoflowercost,nutritionallysuperiorandlocalfoodproductswillbeacriticalstrategytoimprovingdiets,healthandfoodsecurityinPNG.ThroughpartnershipwithourcivilsocietyandNGOsgovernmentwillfacilitateandpromotesustainedcommunitycampaignsthatpromotehealthyfoodchoices.

StrategicActionArea4:Empowermentofwomeninagriculture

Outcome4:Sustainableincomegeneratingopportunitiesforwomenincreasedtoenhanceeconomicaccesstonutritiousfoodforchildrenandfamilies

InPNG,womenmakeupalmost50percentofthepopulationwithnearly90percentofthemengagedinagriculture,fisheriesandforestry.Theyproducethebulkofthenation’sfoodbutoftenwithouttheircontributionsbeingrecognized.Also,theyfacesignificantchallengesinfoodproductionandtrade.Law-and-orderproblemsincludinghold-ups,theftandsexualharassmentbymenmeantheycannotparticipatefreelyinmarketingwhichgreatlylimitswomen’saccesstoincome.Socialconstraintsplacebarriersaroundwomen’saccesstoscientificandtechnologicalinformation.InmanyPNGsub-culture(butnotall),lackofcollateraldenieswomenaccesstoagriculturalcredit,whilecultureortraditionsaccordownershipoflandandotherresourcestomen.Toenhancethecontributionofwomeninfoodproductionandsupplyandtoensurefoodsecurityatthehouseholdlevel,theempowermentconstraintsfacingwomeninagricultureneedtobeadequatelydealtwith.

Globalexperiencehasclearlyshownthatwherewomenhaveincreasedaccesstoincomegeneratingopportunitiesandsocialdecision-makingempowermentatcommunitylevel,householdnutritionimproves.Amongagricultureprojectsthathaveimprovednutrition,women’sactiveinvolvementhasbeenaconsistentelement.Villageconsultationsduringthepreparationofthispolicyindicatedthatwomenputaveryhighpriorityontheirchildren’seducationandnutrition.Thispolicythereforepromotesopportunityforincreasedincomeearningbywomenandtheirempowermentindecision-makingprocesses.

Thesmall-scalefisheriessector(seafishers,reefgleaners,shellfishgathers,andaquaculture)offersthepotentialforcreatingsignificantincomegeneratingandemploymentopportunitiesforbothcoastalandinlandcommunitiesandparticularlyforwomen.Developingthefisheriessectorwillservethedualpurposeofimprovingnutritionalstatusandhouseholdincomes.

Women’saccesstofinancetofacilitatedevelopmentofsmall-scaleruralenterpriseswillneedtobestrengthenedandexpandedalongwithappropriatesmallbusinesstrainingandmentoringprograms.

Womenhaveaveryhighworkload,whichaffectstheirhealth.Thenutritionalstatusofwomenisdependentontheirdietandtheirworkload,andontheirnutritionalstatusdependstheirabilitytocareforandproperlyfeedtheirchildren.Giventhesignificanttimeconstraintsonwomen,interventionsthat

Strategy4.1:Tomaximizeimpactofhouseholdincomeonthefamily’snutrition,increasewomen’saccesstoincome-generatingopportunities,especiallyviaincreasedattentiontocrops/livestockproducedbywomen.

Strategy4.2:Increasefocusandresourcestosustainabledevelopmentofthesmall-scalefisheriessectorbydevelopingviabledistribution,valueadditionandmarketingchains.

Strategy4.3:Expandmicro-financeaccessandsmallenterprisecreation,mentoringandsupportprogramsforwomen.

Strategy4.4:Improvewomen’saccesstoextensionservices,technology,inputs,marketsandinformationandsupportcapacitybuildingthroughstrengthenedruralresourcecentres.

Strategy4.5:Investinlaborandtime-savingandproductivityenhancingtechnologiesfortasksperformedbywomen(e.g.weeding,foodprocessing,firewoodandwatercollection).

Strategy4.6:Providesupportandworkthroughwomen’sorganizations(e.g.PNGWiADF,WomeninBusiness,andtheProvincialCouncilofWomen.

affectwomen’stimeallocationcanhelpimprovetheirownnutritionaswellasthatoftheirchildren.Improvementofvillagewaterandfirewoodsupplies,includingbringingthemclosertovillages,andincreasedsupportforlabour-savingfarmtechnologieswouldhelptoreducewomen’sworkload;alsoimportantwillbeprovidinghealthyandefficientenergysourcesandcookingfacilities.

Therearenumerousnon-governmentorganizationsworkingongendersensitivefoodandnutritionsecurityprojects.DALwillcoordinateitsactivitiesandforgepartnershipswiththeseestablishednetworkstopromotebestpracticesthatreachfamiliesandwomenfarmersatthecommunity/villagelevel.

Womenhavelongbeentrainedasextensionofficers(didimeri)inserviceprovisionforagriculture,butthefemale-to-maleratioofemployeesasapercentageoftotalagriculturesectoremployeesactivelyinvolvedinextension,trainingandresearchhasfallen.Restoringthebalanceoftrainedwomeninagricultureextensionserviceswillbepursued.

StrategicActionArea5:Strengthenedgovernance,coordination,monitoringandcommunication

Outcome5:Successfulimplementationoffoodsecuritypolicyandprogramsatnational,provincial,districtandlocallevels

Policyimplementationwillrequirebringingtogethermultipleagenciesandgroupsincludingtheprivatesectorandbusinessorganizations(atnational,provincial,districtandlocal-level)thatareintendedtoworkinconcert;thereforeeffectivecoordinationwillbefundamentaltosuccess.

Thefirstandperhapsmostimportantsteptowardsencouraginggreaterinvestmentinimprovedfoodandnutritionsecuritybyboththepublicandprivatesector,istheeffectiveco-ordinationofstakeholders,andtheirclearcommunicationofpolicyneedsandobjectives.Thisisparticularlyimportantinthecontextoflinkinglocallevel,districtandprovincialneedsandplanningprocessesintothenationalpolicyimplementationframework.

TheBillforthe‘NationalAgricultureAdministrationAct2014’ prescribestheadministrativegovernancestructureforimplementationandmonitoringofnationalagriculturepolicyandplans-implementationoftheNFSPwillbealignedtothislegislativeframework.FollowingareviewandreformulationofanewNationalAgriculturePlan(NAP),thefoodsecurityimplementationplanandprogramswillbesubsumedundertheNAP.DAL(FoodSecurityBranch)will

Strategy4.7:Promoteawholeoffamilyapproachtogenderandmaleadvocacytoenhancewomen’sroleindecisionmakingrelatingtoagriculture,agribusinessandhouseholdnutrition.

Strategy4.8:Ensureagenderbalanceinagriculturetrainingandprovisionofextensionservices.

Strategy5.1:Strengthenpublic-privatesectorgovernancesystemsandarrangementstoenhanceprivatesectorroleindecisionmakingtoenhancedevelopmentoffoodvaluechainsandthefoodeconomymorebroadly.

Strategy5.2:Strengthenthegovernanceandcoordinatingstructureessentialforeffectivemulti-sectoralfoodsecuritypolicyoversight,implementation,monitoringandresponseatnational,provincialanddistrictlevels).

havealeadershiproleinfoodsecuritypolicyformulationandcoordinationofimplementingpartners,securingfinanceandmonitoringandreportingonprogress.TheFreshProduceDevelopmentAgency(FPDA)andNationalAgricultureResearchInstitute(NARI)willassumeanexpandedroleinimplementationofsupportforfoodsecurityprogramsandactions.

RecognizingtheimportanceofgooddataandanalysisforsoundpolicydecisionmakingandtheverysignificantissuesthatcurrentlyexistrelatedtodataqualitythisPolicypromotesacoordinatedcapacitybuildingefforttoimprovetheflowandqualityofinformationonfoodandnutritionsecurityintendedtoguideandsupporteffectiveevidence-basedpolicymakingandprogramming.

Thedatacollectedshouldaimtobetterlinkfoodsecurityandnutritionstatusandoutcomestomacroeconomic,poverty,agriculture,health,education,socialprotectionandotheraspectsoftheunderlyingcausesoffoodandnutritioninsecurityandincludeclimatevariabilityandtrendsinthemonitoringsystems.Itwillalsobenecessarytobuildcapacityin-countrytoundertakepolicy-relevantanalysisoffood,nutritionandhealthproblems.

ResponsibilitiesandrequirementsforagriculturedatacollectionandreportingarelaidoutintheNationalAgricultureAdministrationBill.Relevantagriculturedataforfoodsecurityplanningandmonitoringwillbecollected.Thisdatawillinformpolicyimplementationmonitoring,anintegratedmulti-sectoralmonitoringsystemforfoodandnutritionsecurityandthenationalstatisticalsystem.

Keyagricultureminimumdatasetswillbeidentifiedformonitoringfoodsecurityandwillbeusedtodefineindicatorsinacommonresultsmonitoringframeworkforfoodandnutritionsecurity(referalsotoChapterFive–MonitoringandEvaluationintheNationalNutritionPolicy2015-2024).

Strategy5.3:Reviewinstitutional/humanresourceneedstoeffectivelyimplementthefoodsecuritypolicy,andwhereneededensuredesignatedfoodrelatedpositionsareestablishedandadequatelyresourcedateachlevel.

Strategy5.4:Providetrainingandadvocacyonrolesandresponsibilitiesofstakeholdersintheeffectiveimplementationofthefoodsecuritypolicy.

Strategy5.5:Buildacriticalmassofhumancapabilitytogetherwithappropriateresourcestoeffectivelycollect,integrate,analyzeandreportcredible(genderdisaggregated)foodandnutritionstatisticsinatimelyway.

Strategy5.6:Continuetoimprovestandardizationofapproachesandindicatorsusedinthemultiplenationalsurveyswhichcollectinformationrelevanttofoodandnutritionsecurity(e.g.PopulationCensus,HIES,SurveyofLivingStandards,DemographicHealthSurveys,NutritionSurveysetc.).

Strategy5.7:Strengthenthefoodsecuritydatamanagement,informationandcommunicationsystemsincludingappropriateintegratedinformationmanagementsystemsinpublicandprivatesectors.

Strategy5.8:Supportthestrengtheningandtimelydistributionofdemand-drivenfood,nutritionandfoodvaluechaininformationproducts.

5. OrganizationalResponsibilities

InstitutionalStructureforFoodandNutritionSecurityGovernanceandCoordinationCurrentlytheinstitutionalstructureofsupportservicesforfoodandnutritionsecurityisfragmentedwitharangeofgovernmentdepartments,NGOs,faith-basedorganizationsandprivatesectorentitiesallhavingimportantrolestoplay.Thereisaneedtoconsolidate,focusandcoordinatefunctionsacrosstheagenciesandtheprivatesectoractorswhodrivethefoodeconomy.DALwillworkcloselywiththeprivatesectorrepresentativeorganizationsandkeygovernmentagenciesincluding,departmentsofHealth,NationalPlanningandMonitoring,Education,CommunityDevelopmentandReligion,CommerceandTrade,TransportandCommunications,Environment,OfficeofClimateChangeandDisasterManagementCentre)togetherwithprovincialanddistrictauthoritiestocoordinatetheimplementationofthenutrition,foodsafety,WaSHandfoodsecuritypolicies(Figure3).

Viableapproacheswillbesoughttoleverageintegratedactionsacrossthemultiplesectorstoachievegainsinagriculture,nutrition,andhealthsimultaneously.Theaimwillbetoensurethatminimum(essential)packagesareprovidedineachsector,withgainsfromeachachievedinthecommunitiestargeted;hencebyexploitingsynergiesgaincompoundedfoodandnutritionsecuritybenefits.

Nutritionpolicy&programs

WaSHpolicy&programs

Foodsafetypolicy &programs

Foodsecuritypolicy&programs

CoordinatedDelivery

Figure3:FoodandNutritionSecurityPolicyImplementation

TheNationalNutritionCommittee(NNC)6willbeanimportantbodyforcoordinationofthemulti-sectorinterventionstoimprovefoodandnutritionsecurity.TheNNCisintendedasaninterimbodytooperateforaninitialperiodoftwoyearswiththeintentionoftransitioningtoaNationalFoodandNutritionCouncilasthepinnaclecoordinationbodyforfoodandnutritionpolicycoordinationandmonitoring.

Alongwith(horizontal)centralcoordinationitwillalsobenecessarytoensureadequate(vertical)coordinationatdistrictandlocal-levelswheresupportforlocaldemand-drivendevelopment,particularlywiththeprivatesectorwillbeimplemented.Figure4belowillustratesthestructureforcoordinationthroughthedifferentpoliticalandadministrativetiersofgovernment.ThestructureisinlinewiththeBillfortheNationalAdministrationAct,whichprovidesanationalpolicyframeworkrelatingtoagriculturemattersanddefinestheadministrativearrangements,functionsandresponsibilitiesofProvincialGovernmentsandLocalLevelGovernmentsandtherelationshipbetweenthemandtheNationalDepartmentofAgriculture.

Notes:NAAAct=NationalAgricultureAdministrationAct;AICAct=AgricultureInvestmentCorporationofPapuaNewGuineaAct;NAP=NationalAgriculturePlan;NFSP=NationalFoodSecurityPolicy;NHAAct=NationalHealthAdministrationAct;NNP=NationalNutritionPolicy;PDP=ProvincialDevelopmentPlan;DDP=DistrictDevelopmentPlan;PA=ProvincialAuthority;DDA=DistrictDevelopmentAuthority;DAL=Departmentof

6TheNationalNutritionCommitteeestablishedbytheHealthBoardwillbeahighlevelExecutivecommittee,atnationallevelforharmonizeddelivery,liaisonandcoordinationofnutritionspecificandnutritionsensitiveactivitiesincludingfoodsecurityactions.

Agriculture&Livestock;FSB=FoodSecurityBranch;FSWG=FoodSecurityWorkingGroup;TAG=TechnicalAdvisoryGroup;TWG=TechnicalWorkingGroup.

TheNFSPwillbeimplementedaspartofanapprovedNationalAgriculturePlan(NAP)7whichwillbedeclaredthenationalagriculturepolicyforthewholecountry,andwillbecoordinatedandmonitoredatprovincial,districtandlocallevelsbyagriculturecommitteesasprescribedintheNAA.TheDALFoodSecurityBranch(FSB)willfacilitatetheformationofaFoodSecurityTechnicalAdvisoryGroup(FSTAG)atnationallevelandFoodSecurityWorkingGroups(FSWG)atprovincial,districtandlocallevelstoadvisetheDALmanagementandtheagriculturecommitteesonmattersrelatedtoimplementationandmonitoringoftheNFSP.TheFSTAGandFSWGswillincludefoodsecurityandagricultureexpertisefromrelevantgovernmentagencies[e.g.DAL(includingarepresentativeongenderissues),NationalAgricultureResearchInstitute(NARI),FreshProduceDevelopmentAgency(FPDA);NationalQuarantineInspectionAuthority(NAQIA),NationalFisheriesAuthority(NFA)etc.]andalsodrawonexpertisefromtheprivatesector,non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)andthefoodpolicyresearchcommunity[e.g.UniversityofPapuaNewGuinea(UPNG),UniversityofGoroka,NationalResearchInstitute(NRI),InstituteofNationalAffairs(INA)etc.].WherenecessarytheFSTAGwillprovidesupportandmentoringtotheprovincial,districtandlocallevelFSWGs.Toensuremulti-sectorhorizontalcoordinationoffoodandnutritionsecurityactionstheFSTAGwilladvisetheDALDeputySecretaryPolicy,whowillbeamemberoftheNationalNutritionCommittee.Atprovincial,districtandlocallevelstherelevantFSWGwillhavearepresentativeinthenutritioncommitteeatthatlevel.

Foodsecuritystrategiesandactionswillbeincludedaspartofagriculturedevelopmentplansinprovincialdevelopmentplansandstrategicimplementationplans.TheNFSPwillalsoformthebasisforthedistrictsandLLGstodevelopfoodsecuritycomponentsintheirrollingfive-yeardevelopmentplansandotherrelevantstrategies.

InstitutionalRolesandResponsibilitiesInter-sectorcollaborationonfoodsecurityandnutritionwillrequireclarityonrolesandresponsibilities,includingjointplanning,jointresourcemobilization,jointmonitoringandjointimplementation.KeygovernmentdepartmentsandagenciesandotherstakeholderswithimportantrolesforachievingthefivedevelopmentoutcomesarelistedintheSummaryFoodSecurityPolicyFrameworkinAnnex1.However,thispolicyframeworkdoesnotattempttostipulateanexhaustiveandall-inclusivelistofstakeholdersandtheirroles.Whenoperationalplansaredetailedtheyshouldidentifyanddefinewhoisresponsibleforimplementationofspecificactivitiesandthecostsshouldbeincludedintherelevantsector/corporateplansandfoodsecuritybudgetline.Itisalsorecognizedthatcloseworkingrelationshipsandpartnershipbetweenthepublicagencies,privatesectorandcivilsocietyorganizationswillbeessentialtoachievingthedesireddevelopmentoutcomes.

PartnershipsDALwillplayaleadershiproleinpolicyformulation,coordination,monitoringandreportingimplementation,andsourcingfinancialresourcesfromthenational,provincialanddistrictlevelgovernmentsandinternationaldevelopmentpartnerstoimplementactivitiestoachievetheanticipated

7CurrentlytheNationalAgricultureDevelopmentPlan(NADP)2007-2016whichwillbereviewedandrevisedtoanewnationalagricultureplangoingforward

policydevelopmentoutcomes.Theimplementationofthevariousstrategiesofthepolicywilldrawstronglyuponpartnershipswithprivatesector,establishedNGOs,developmentagencies,andothergovernmentdepartmentstoutilizetheirexistingnetworks,technicalknowledgeandexperienceontheground.LeveragingtechnicalsupportforareasimportanttofoodsecuritythatareoutsideofthecorebusinessofDALwillrequireeffectivecommunicationofthepolicyandcoordinationwithrelevantpartnerstogettheirbuyinandcollaborationintheirareasofcomparativeadvantage.

6. PolicyImplementationAdetailedandcostedimplementationplanwillbeprepared.Implementationofthepolicystrategicactionswillbebrokendownintoanumberofmutuallysupportingpriorityprogramsdesignedtodeliverthefoodsecuritydevelopmentoutcomes.Eachprogramshallbetranslatedintoafullycostedoperationalplanforimplementationduringtheperiod2018-2027.Annualworkplansatprovincial,district,andlocallevelswillcomefromthese,reflectinglocalcapacity,prioritiesandneeds.

Thedevelopmentoftheimplementation/operationalplanswillbedoneincloseconsultationwithimplementingandsupportingagenciesincorporatingjointplanningandparticipation(facilitatedbytheDALFoodSecurityBranch)toensurethatmultipleviews,needsandconcernsinresolvingpriorityfoodandnutritionsecurityissuesatdifferentlevelsaretakenintoaccountandnegotiated.Manyactionsnecessarytoachievethefourkeydevelopmentoutcomeswillalreadybeintegraltoothersectorandagencyactionprogramse.g.fisheries,FPDA,NARIandotherresearchanddevelopmentinstitutions,health/nutrition,environment(includingdisasterriskmanagementandclimatechange),education,andinfrastructure.Carewillbetakenthatallfoodandnutritionsecurityprogramsarecoordinatedandnotduplications.

Toensureproperalignmentofresultsdowntheplanninglevels,thedevelopmentofimplementationplansshallpickuptheplanningprocessfromtheinterventionstrategylevelundereachofthedevelopmentoutcomeresultareas,asoutlinedinthePolicyFrameworkMatrix(Annex1),andunpackeachinterventionstrategyintoitsnecessarybroad-basedactivities.Activitydeliverytimeframe,responsibilityforcarryingouteachactivityandtheexpectedoutputsandintendedbeneficiariesshouldalsobedetailed.Thecostofimplementingthestrategywillbesharedamongrelevantsector/agencybudgetsatnationalandprovinciallevelsanddistrictsupportgrants,developmentpartners’foodandnutritionsecuritysupportandprivatesectorinvestments.TheMinistryofFinancewillworktogetherwithDAL,theProvincialAuthoritiesandtheDistrictDevelopmentAuthorities(throughtheDistrictDevelopmentBoard)andotherstakeholderstoensurecoordinationofinvestmentsinfoodandnutritionsecurityandsubsequentlythattheseinvestmentsaredeliveringtheanticipatedresults.

Theimplementationofintegratedactionsthroughpartnershipswillbeacentralfocusalongwithconsistencyandcoherencebetweenfoodandnutritionsecuritypolicy,andmacroeconomic,trade,agriculture,fisheries,health,education,infrastructure,disastermanagementandclimatechangepolicy.Thecombinedfoodandnutritionsecuritypolicyframeworkshouldhelptoalignfoodsecurityandnutritionrelevantprogramswithinacommonresultsframework.

7. MonitoringandEvaluationAneffectiveandaffordablemonitoringandevaluation(M&E)systemwillbeessentialtoensurethatpolicydirectionsareachievingdesiredpolicyoutcomesandimpact.Thiswillrequireinitiallythatthereissufficientbaselinedatainplace,andsubsequently,systematicdatacollectiononrelevantindicators.Goodmonitoringwillallowappropriateadjustmentstothepolicyframeworkasimplementationunfolds.Effectivelydemonstratingthequalityandimpactofresourcesshouldhelpfacilitateincreasedcommitmentstostrengtheningfoodandnutritionsecurity.

Currentlytherearedatalimitationsformonitoringpolicyoutcomesandafirstprioritywillthereforebetoestablishaminimumsetofcoreindicatorsthatneedtobemeasured.Itwillthenbeimportanttoensuretherelevantdataiscollectedinanyfutureagricultureandcommunitysurveys,HouseholdIncomeandExpenditureSurveys,DemographicHealthSurveys,NutritionSurveys,andPopulationCensus.

AttheimpactanddevelopmentoutcomelevelstheM&EMatrixinAnnex2identifiesbroadindicatorsthatshouldbetracked.Atthestrategyoutputlevelindicators,dataandtargetswillneedtobeestablishedatamoredisaggregatedleveltoreflectregionalcontextandpriorities.Gender,ageandgeographicaldisaggregationwillhelptofacilitatemonitoringofbothpositiveandnegativeimpactsonvulnerablecommunitiesandgroups.

TheDALinclosecooperationwiththeNationalStatisticsOffice(NSO)andtheDepartmentofHealthwillberesponsibleforestablishingtheM&Eframeworkandpreparingregularpolicyimplementationreports.

ReportingonpolicyandprogramimplementationwillfollowtheprocessforagriculturepolicyreportingdescribedintheNationalAgricultureAdministrationBill.TheFoodSecurityBranchwillfurnishtotheSecretaryofDAL,onorbeforethe30Marcheveryyear,anAnnualReportonprogressandperformanceoffoodsecuritypolicyprogramsimplementationfortheyearending31Decemberpreceding.Thepolicywillbesubjecttoamid-termevaluationnolaterthanfiveyearsafteritsendorsementbytheNationalExecutiveCouncil(NEC).

Goodreportingonresultswillprovidepolicymanagersandstakeholderstheopportunitytoreflectonwhathasandwhathasnotworkedandfeedtheselessonsintofutureplanning.ThePolicywillbeupdatedafterthecompletionoftheevaluationorsoonerifnecessary.

Annexes

1. SummaryFoodSecurityPolicyFrameworkPOLICYGOAL

Ø EnableallPapuaNewGuineanstoaccessandconsumesufficient,safe,affordable,and

nutritiousfoodatalltimes.

DEVELOPMENTOUTCOMES STRATEGICACTIONSFoodSecurityAvailabilityPillar

ActionArea:Productivityandfarmoutputgrowthofthemainfoodstaples,horticulture,smalllivestockandfishfarmingandincreasingefficienciesalongtheentirefoodvaluechain

Outcome1.Localfoodproductionincreasedandproducersbetterlinkedthroughefficientvaluechainstoprofitablemarketsandconsumers.Keystakeholdersfordeliveringthisoutcome:Buildingandstrengtheningpartnershipswiththeprivatesectorwillbeessentialinalloutcomeareas.DAL;ProvincialandDistrictDivisionsofPrimaryIndustry;NARI,FPDI,NAQIA,UNITECHandUniversityofGoroka.TheNationalFisheriesAuthority(NFA)willleadsupportforfisheriesandaquaculture.TheDepartmentofTrade,CommerceandIndustrywillhaveanimportantsupportingroleforimprovedtradepracticesandstrengtheningintheareasofmarketingandcreditprovision.ChamberofCommerceIndustry(PNGCCI)PapuaNewGuineaWomen’sChamberofCommerceandIndustry(PNGWCCI),PNGManufacturersCouncilNationalDevelopmentBank(andmicrofinanceintuitions).CentreforExcellenceinFinancialInclusion.PNGWiADF;NGOshavebeenandwillcontinuetobevitalplayersinthedeliveryofactionstoachievethisdevelopmentoutcome.GovernmentwillseektostrengthenpartnershipswithNGOsandcommunityorganizationsworkinginthesectorandwherepossibleandappropriateencourageandsupportserviceprovisionbythem.