Overview Introduction The Level of Abstraction Organization & Architecture Structure &...

Overview Introduction The Level of Abstraction Organization & Architecture Structure & Function Why study computer organization?

We will study the design, structure and internal organization of comput

er system. It can be studied at many levels of a

bstraction.

Introduction

What is Computer?

Computer

a fast electronic calculating machin e, which accepts digitized input info

rmation, process it according to a p rogram, stored in its memory, and

produces the resultant output information.

The Automobile Driver Automobile mechanic Automobile designer Automobile engineer Chemist or Metallurgist

Level of Abstraction Operating systems level Programming language level Functional organization level

Hardware design level

The laws of physics

Computer science

Electrical engineering

Physics

Operating System Level

Deals with : Packages, jobs, canned routines

Computer view : A black box that solves problems

Level of Abstraction

Programming language level

Deals with : Programs, statements, loops, conditions

Computer view : - A collection of problem solving prim

- itives in a high level language

Level of Abstraction

Functional organization level

Deals with : Memory, processors, I/O devices, registers

Computer view : A collection of major hardware subs

ystems

Level of Abstraction

Deals with : Gates, circuits, chips, boards

Computer view : A collection of discrete electrical co

mponents

Hardware design level

Level of Abstraction

Deals with : Electrons, atoms, magnetism

Computer view : A physical system composed of ele

mental particles

The laws of physics

Level of Abstraction

Organization & Architecture

Computer Architecture Those attributes of a system visible to a

programmer Those attributes that have a direct impa

ct on the logical execution of a program - Example : instruction set, I/O mechanis

m, memory addressing techniques,num ber of bits used for data representation.

Organization & Architecture

Computer Organization Those attributes include hardware det

ails transparent to the programmer. The computer system’s resources. Study structure and function of comp

uter component. - Example : control signal, memory, int

erface between components.

Structure and Function Structure : The way in which the

components are interrelated. Function : The operation of each

individual component as part of the structure.

Structure

Main structural components Processor Memory I/O System Interconnection

Function

Basic functions of computer Data Processing Data Storage Data Movement Control

Why study Comp. Organ.? Allow you to intelligently evaluate,

compare and select computer equi pment and peripherals.

Allow you to understand how to writ e optimized and more efficient prog

ram. Almost every branch of CS requires

a background in Comp. Organ.

Intel Pentium III 100 MHz 128 MB SDRAM 30GB HDD -48XCDROM 56K Fax/Modem 814Intel E Chipset direct AGP 17WXGA

Computer for sales Computer for sales

Intel® Core™ 2 Duo Processor T8100

(3MB L2 Cache, 2.1GHz, 800MHzFSB) 3 G B DDR2 SDRAM 320GB Hard Drive DVD RW 256MB ATI Bluetooth 154. ” WXGA Display with TrueLife™ Wireless 1397

Computer for sales Computer for sales

Hardware Software People Data

Computer System

Central Processing Unit Memory Unit Input/Output Unit Storage devices System buses

Hardware (Computer Component)

Computer System

System software - Operating System : Dos, Windows, Un

ix Compiler

Application software Word Processing Payroll System

Software

Computer System

End user Programmer System analyst System administrator

People

Computer System

Data : Fact Information : Process data

Data

Information

Data Processing

Data

Computer System

von Neumann architecture

All contemporary computer design are base on three key concepts :

Data and instructions are stored in a single- read write memory.

The contents of this memory are addressa ble by location

Execution occurs in a sequential fashion fr om one instruction to the next

Programming in Hardware

Customized

Hardware

Sequence of Arithmetic

and LogicFunctions

Data Results

Hardwired program

InstructionInterpreter

Programming in Software

Instruction Codes

-General Purpose Arithmetic and

Logic FunctionsData Results

software

Control signals