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Overview Introduction The Level of Abstraction Organization & Architecture Structure & Function Why study computer organization?
We will study the design, structure and internal organization of comput
er system. It can be studied at many levels of a
bstraction.
Introduction
What is Computer?
Computer
a fast electronic calculating machin e, which accepts digitized input info
rmation, process it according to a p rogram, stored in its memory, and
produces the resultant output information.
The Automobile Driver Automobile mechanic Automobile designer Automobile engineer Chemist or Metallurgist
Level of Abstraction Operating systems level Programming language level Functional organization level
Hardware design level
The laws of physics
Computer science
Electrical engineering
Physics
Operating System Level
Deals with : Packages, jobs, canned routines
Computer view : A black box that solves problems
Level of Abstraction
Programming language level
Deals with : Programs, statements, loops, conditions
Computer view : - A collection of problem solving prim
- itives in a high level language
Level of Abstraction
Functional organization level
Deals with : Memory, processors, I/O devices, registers
Computer view : A collection of major hardware subs
ystems
Level of Abstraction
Deals with : Gates, circuits, chips, boards
Computer view : A collection of discrete electrical co
mponents
Hardware design level
Level of Abstraction
Deals with : Electrons, atoms, magnetism
Computer view : A physical system composed of ele
mental particles
The laws of physics
Level of Abstraction
Organization & Architecture
Computer Architecture Those attributes of a system visible to a
programmer Those attributes that have a direct impa
ct on the logical execution of a program - Example : instruction set, I/O mechanis
m, memory addressing techniques,num ber of bits used for data representation.
Organization & Architecture
Computer Organization Those attributes include hardware det
ails transparent to the programmer. The computer system’s resources. Study structure and function of comp
uter component. - Example : control signal, memory, int
erface between components.
Structure and Function Structure : The way in which the
components are interrelated. Function : The operation of each
individual component as part of the structure.
Structure
Main structural components Processor Memory I/O System Interconnection
Function
Basic functions of computer Data Processing Data Storage Data Movement Control
Why study Comp. Organ.? Allow you to intelligently evaluate,
compare and select computer equi pment and peripherals.
Allow you to understand how to writ e optimized and more efficient prog
ram. Almost every branch of CS requires
a background in Comp. Organ.
Intel Pentium III 100 MHz 128 MB SDRAM 30GB HDD -48XCDROM 56K Fax/Modem 814Intel E Chipset direct AGP 17WXGA
Computer for sales Computer for sales
Intel® Core™ 2 Duo Processor T8100
(3MB L2 Cache, 2.1GHz, 800MHzFSB) 3 G B DDR2 SDRAM 320GB Hard Drive DVD RW 256MB ATI Bluetooth 154. ” WXGA Display with TrueLife™ Wireless 1397
Computer for sales Computer for sales
Hardware Software People Data
Computer System
Central Processing Unit Memory Unit Input/Output Unit Storage devices System buses
Hardware (Computer Component)
Computer System
System software - Operating System : Dos, Windows, Un
ix Compiler
Application software Word Processing Payroll System
Software
Computer System
End user Programmer System analyst System administrator
People
Computer System
Data : Fact Information : Process data
Data
Information
Data Processing
Data
Computer System
von Neumann architecture
All contemporary computer design are base on three key concepts :
Data and instructions are stored in a single- read write memory.
The contents of this memory are addressa ble by location
Execution occurs in a sequential fashion fr om one instruction to the next
Programming in Hardware
Customized
Hardware
Sequence of Arithmetic
and LogicFunctions
Data Results
Hardwired program
InstructionInterpreter
Programming in Software
Instruction Codes
-General Purpose Arithmetic and
Logic FunctionsData Results
software
Control signals
