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Getting Started with Windows Server 2012
Hyper-V Essentials
Meet Your Instructor
•David Davis – 18+ years of IT experience
– Worked as a
• Network Admin
• Unix Admin
• Windows Admin
• VMware Admin
• IT Manager
– Successfully implemented virtualization in production
– Spoke at
• VMworld North America
• VMworld Europe
• User groups
• Conferences
Meet Your Instructor
•David Davis – Author of hundreds of virtualization articles on the web including
Virtualization Review magazine
– Author of numerous TrainSignal’s video training courses including:
• ESX Server, vSphere 4 and 5
• Troubleshooting and Performance
• vCloud Director Essentials
– Author of the MS Virtual Server video training course
– Obtained a number of certifications and awards
Meet Your Instructor
What We Will Cover
– Getting Started with Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Essentials
– Installing Hyper-V with Windows Server 2012
– Managing Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012
– Creating Virtual Machines
– Configuring Virtual Networks
– Hyper-V Virtual Extensible Switches
– Using Virtual Storage, Virtual Disks, and Snapshots
– Using Hyper-V Storage Migration
– Using Hyper-V Live Migration
– High Availability with Hyper-V Failover Clusters
– Using Hyper-V Replica
– Virtual Machine Conversion with Hyper-V
– Installing Free Hyper-V Server 2012
– Building a Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Lab
– Enabling Client Hyper-V with Windows 8
Outline
•Watch the lessons
•Pause the lessons and take notes
•Watch a lesson again if necessary
•Gain hands-on experience: – Using Microsoft online virtual labs
– By building your own lab
technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/hh968267.aspx
How to Use This Course
•If during the course you have feedback or questions, feel free to contact me via:
– TrainSignal Forums - http://forums.TrainSignal.com
– My Blog – http://www.VMwareVideos.com
Feedback
Installing Hyper-V with Windows Server 2012
Types of Hyper-V
(commercial)
Foundation
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Essentials
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Standard
virtualization rights for 2 Windows VMs
Datacenter
unlimited virtualization rights
(commercial)
Foundation
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Essentials
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Standard
virtualization rights for 2 Windows VMs
Datacenter
unlimited virtualization rights
(commercial)
Foundation
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Essentials
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Standard
virtualization rights for 2 Windows VMs
Datacenter
unlimited virtualization rights
(commercial)
Foundation
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Essentials
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Standard
virtualization rights for 2 Windows VMs
Datacenter
unlimited virtualization rights
(commercial)
Hyper-V can be installed as a role using GUI or PowerShell
Foundation
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Essentials
no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V
Standard
virtualization rights for 2 Windows VMs
Datacenter
unlimited virtualization rights
(free and client editions)
Hyper-V Server 2012
Free but offers no local GUI and no virtualization rights
“Client Hyper-V”
Hyper-V that you can enable in the Windows 8 desktop OS. Client Hyper-V is similar to Virtual PC but higher performance (a real type-1 hypervisor) and compatible with Hyper-V in Windows Server
Hardware Requirements
•Windows Server Minimum Requirements – 1.4Ghz 64 bit CPU
– 512MB RAM
– 32GB Disk space
– DVD drive, super VGA, mouse, keyboard, Internet access
Hardware Requirements
•Real World Hyper-V Server– Multiple, multi-core 64 bit CPUs with Intel VT or AMD-V
– 8, 16, 32+GB of RAM
– Local storage or NAS/SAN
– Multiple NICs, 1Gb or greater
Hardware Requirements
•Hyper-V Requirements – Hardware-assisted virtualization - Intel Virtualization Technology
(Intel VT) or AMD Virtualization (AMD-V)
– Hardware-enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP) - DEP must be available and enabled.
Note: Second Level Address Translation (SLAT) is not required for Windows 2012 Hyper-V but is required for Client Hyper-V in Windows 8
Hardware Requirements
Key Terms You Should Know
Hardware-Assisted Virtualization— Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) or AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) must be available and enabled
Hardware-enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP)— DEP must be available and enabled
Managing Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012
Understanding Hyper-V
•What can Hyper-V do for you? – Run physical servers or end user desktops on many fewer physical hosts
(consolidation through virtualization)
– Offer advanced features to make your life, as a system admin, easier:
• Consolidation
• VM portability and hardware independence
• Cost savings
• Flexibility
• High availability
Features and Functionality
•Major Features of Hyper-V – Virtual networks
– Extensible switch
– Shared storage including virtual fibre channel
– New VHDX
– Live migration
– Shared-nothing storage migration
– Failover clusters
– Replica
– Virtual machine conversion
– Free Edition
Features and Functionality
Hyper-V Manager
Introduction to Hyper-V Manager
– Any other Windows Server 2012 system
– Windows 8 with client Hyper-V
– Remote server administration toolkit (RSAT) on Windows 8
– System center virtual machine manager (SCVMM)
– PowerShell
Using Hyper-V Manager Remotely
Managing Hyper-V with System Center
– Centralized management
– VM library
– Virtualization self-service portal
– Note that System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) has been replaced with System Center 2012
System Center 2012
Managing Hyper-V from a CLI
Managing Hyper-V with PowerShell
See: http://technet.microsoft.com/library/hh848559.aspx
Creating Virtual Machines
How to Create a New Virtual Machine
Two ways to create a new Hyper-V VM
Import P2V or virtual
appliance
Create
•Creating a New Hyper-V VM, Step by Step – Name and location
– Assign memory
– Configure networking
– Connect virtual hard disk
– Installation options for the OS
– GO!
How to Create a New Virtual Machine
Exploring VM Settings
•Hardware – BIOS
– Memory
– Processor
– Storage
– Networking
Exploring VM Settings
•Management – Integration services
– Locations
– Automatic start/stop
Exploring VM Settings
Importing Virtual Machines
•Importing a Hyper-V VM – Built-in to Hyper-V Manager
Importing Virtual Machines
Importing from physical or virtual
(P2V or V2V)
• Using MS or 3rd party tools
Importing Virtual Machines
New VM Features
New VM Features
Increased Scalability
Hosts - 320 logical processors - 4TB of RAM VMs - 64 virtual processors - 1 TB virtual memory
New VHDX File Format
Up to 64TB of virtual hard disk space
Key Terms You Should Know
Virtual Machine (VM) - the virtualized server running on the virtual host (aka the hypervisor)
Virtual Hardware - hardware assigned to the virtual machine such as virtual CPU, virtual memory, virtual disk, and virtual network interfaces
Guest OS - the operating system loaded and running inside the virtual machine such as Windows or Linux
Key Terms You Should Know
P2V - converting a physical server to a virtual server
V2V - converting a virtual server, running on one hypervisor, to another hypervisor (for example, from vSphere to Hyper-V)
VHDX - virtual hard disk, extended format
Configuring Virtual Machine Networks
Why Virtual Networks?
•Virtual networks include:
- Virtual NICs
- Virtual switches
- Uplinks
Why Virtual Networks?
What Is A Virtual Switch?
What Is a Virtual Switch?
Connects virtual machines together
Switches frames based on MAC
address, just like a physical switch
Connects virtual machines to an
uplink
– ARP spoofing protection
– DHCP guard
– Port ACLs
– Bandwidth limiting
– VLAN identification
– SR-IOV (new)
– Extensibility (new)
Virtual switches offer features such as:
3 Types of Virtual Networks
3 Types of Virtual Networks
External Internal Private
3 Types of Virtual Networks
Key Terms You Should Know
Virtual Switch – connects VMs together and to the physical network
Virtual NIC - one or multiple in each virtual machine, connecting the VM to the virtual switch
Virtual Networks – internal, external, and private
Hyper-V Extensible Virtual Switches
Understanding Hyper-V Extensible Switch
•New in Windows 2012 Hyper-V: – Virtual switches can be extended
– Extensions allow network applications to be inserted into the Hyper-V kernel
• Providing virtual network monitoring, forwarding, and filtering
– Examples of extensions are virtual firewalls and security scanning applications
Understanding Extensible Switches
Examples of Hyper-V Switch Extensions
5nine Virtual Firewall and
Anti-malware
Inmon sFlow Packet Capture
and Analysis
Cisco Nexus 1000V for Hyper-V
Broadcom DoS Prevention
Using 5nine Virtual Firewall and Anti-malware
Enabling a Hyper-V Switch Extension
Using Virtual Storage, Virtual Disks, and
Snapshots
Traditional Storage Options
•Even with virtual storage, you still need physical storage of some kind
Traditional Storage Options
Local Storage
DASD
Storage Area Network (SAN)
iSCSI
Fibre Channel (FC)
Network Attached Storage (NAS)
NFS
SMB
What Is Virtual Storage?
Virtual Storage Benefits
Hardware Independence
Cloning Snapshots Thin
Provisioning
Portability Easier Backup and Replication
•Virtual machine disks are actually files
•.VHDX files and are stored on physical storage
Virtual Storage Explained
Three Types of Virtual Disks
•Fixed
•Dynamic
•Differencing
Three Types of Virtual Disks
Understanding VHDX
Understanding VHDX
Benefits of Using VHDX
Up to 64TB in size
Better protection against corruption
Improved alignment
Larger block size Custom metadata Efficiency
New Storage Features
USB3 Storage Virtual Fibre
Channel
Using Hyper-V Storage Migration
Why You Need Storage Migration
Storage Migration -
Moving a running virtual machine’s virtual storage from disk to another
Why You Need Storage Migration
SAN/NAS maintenance
Out of space (balance the load)
Out of IOPS (balance the load)
How Storage Migration Works
How Storage Migration Works
Graphic Thanks to Microsoft.com
Storage Migration, Step by Step
•Requirements: – Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V on at least 2 hosts
– A virtual machine configured to use only virtual storage
Storage Migration, Step by Step
•Step by Step 1. Use the Move wizard
2. Select what you want to move
• All data to same location
• All data to different locations
• Only virtual hard disk
3. Move it !
Storage Migration, Step by Step
Using Hyper-V Live Migration
Live Migration Defined
Live Migration -
Moving a running virtual machine from one host to another with no downtime to running applications
•Requirements
– Two Windows 2012 servers with Hyper-V
– CPUs from the same vendor and family
– Belong to the same AD domain
– VMs using virtual disks or virtual fibre channel
• Recommended - to use a private network for live migration traffic
Live Migration Defined
Live migration setup
Memory pages are transferred from the source node to the destination node
Modified pages are transferred
The storage handle is moved from the
source server to the destination server
The virtual machine is brought online on
the destination server
Network cleanup
How Live Migration Works
Shared-Nothing Migration
Lets go!
Live Migration Requirements
All files that comprise a VM are stored on a SMB share
Permissions on the SMB share have been configured to grant
access to the computer accounts of all servers running Hyper-V
High Availability with Hyper-V Failover
Clusters
Failover Clustering Explained
Failover Clustering -
Provides high availability and scalability to server workloads including applications like Exchange, Hyper-V, SQL, and file servers
Nodes -
Clustered servers
Failover -
When a node fails and other nodes take over
Clustered roles -
The software that makes failover clustering work
Cluster shared volumes (CSV) -
Provide a consistent, distributed namespace that clustered roles can use to access shared storage from all nodes
•Increased Scalability – 16 to 64 nodes
– 1000 to 8000 nodes (1024 per node)
Simplified live migration and quick migration of virtual machines and virtual machine storage
Support for Hyper-V Replica
•Search, filtering, and custom views
Failover Clustering
New in Windows 2012 Failover Clustering
New in Windows 2012 Failover Clustering
Service monitoring of Hyper-V VM
applications
Restart of virtual machine services
or move it to another node
Cluster validation tests
VM Priority and preemption
Memory-aware VM placement
VM mobility
Automated node draining
Powershell cmdlets
Failover Clustering, Step by Step
• Planning
• Creating a cluster shared volume (CSV)
• Configuring virtual networking
• Testing live migration
• Test failover
• GO!
Failover Clustering, Step by Step
Using Hyper-V Replica
Hyper-V Replica Defined
Hyper-V Replica - a built-in software based asynchronous replication mechanism
Hyper-V Replica Defined
What it is
– Replication for the SME/SMB
– Works with limited bandwidth
What it is not
– Not for large enterprise
– Not to replicate a large number of VMs, like you would with hardware-based SAN replication
Hyper-V Replica Defined
How it works:
1. Host replica log (HRL) is maintained on the host for the VHD files
2. The log is replayed to the replica host, ideally, every 5 minutes
3. The replay is done in reverse order (latest writes are written first)
4. There is no automatic failover
Hyper-V Replica Defined
Using Hyper-V Replica
Replication is configured for each VM by- – Configuring authentication – either HTTP (Kerberos) within the AD
forest or HTTPS (destination SSL certificate) for inter-forest (or hosted) replication
– Select the VHDs you want to replicate
– Select the destination
– Select the compression data transfer
– Optionally, enable VSS once per hour
– Configure the number of replicas to retain on the destination
– Choose the initial replication method – LAN, offline, or seed VM
Let’s configure it!
Using Hyper-V Replica
Virtual Machine Conversion with
Hyper-V
Why You Need Conversion Tools
Why You Need Conversion Tools
Physical to Virtual (P2V)
server conversion
Virtual to Virtual (V2V)
server conversion
Microsoft Conversion Tools
Built-In to Hyper-V
• VM Import
Microsoft Virtual Machine Converter (MVMC)
• Free download
• Converts from vSphere to Hyper-V
• MVMC requirements – The VM you are converting must be running/powered-on
– The VM must have the VMTools installed and running
– The VM must be joined to the Windows domain
Microsoft Conversion Tools
Third-Party Conversion Tools
•5nine V2V Easy Converter – vSphere to Hyper-V conversion
– FAST! (faster than MVMC)
Third-Party Conversion Tools
•Export and Import of a Hyper-V VM
•Microsoft Virtual Machine Converter
Demonstration
Installing Free Hyper-V Server 2012
What Free Hyper-V 2012 Has to Offer
•Features
What Free Hyper-V 2012 Has to Offer
Offers all the advanced features of Windows Server 2012 with the Hyper-V role
No virtualization rights No local graphical interface (similar to “server core”)
•Download
Downloading and Installing Hyper-V Server 2012
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/hyper-v-server/default.aspx
Register for a free Microsoft account
Downloading and Installing Hyper-V Server 2012
•Install
Boot server from an ISO and install
Install the Microsoft remote server administration tools on another workstation
Use Hyper-V Manager to manage the free Hyper-V Server
Building a Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V
Lab
Why Build a Hyper-V Lab?
Learning
Why Build a Hyper-V Lab?
Certification Testing Development
Building a Hyper-V Lab
1. Physical Hyper-V Lab
Building a Hyper-V Lab
2. Virtual Hyper-V Lab
Enabling Client Hyper-V with Windows 8
How Can Client Hyper-V Help You?
How Can Client Hyper-V Help You?
Running other operating systems
Testing VMs to be moved to a
production Hyper-V server
Testing and learning Windows
Server 2012 or other applications like Exchange or
Sharepoint
Development
Enabling Client Hyper-V in Windows 8
Requirements
– 64-bit CPU
– Intel VT or AMD-V enabled in your CPU
– Second level address translation (SLAT) in your CPU
– At least 4GB of RAM
– You must license each Windows operating system, running in a VM
Enabling Client Hyper-V in Windows 8
Enabling Client Hyper-V
– On the Control Panel, click Programs, and then click Programs and Features
– Click Turn Windows features on or off
– Click Hyper-V, click OK, and then click Close
OR
– Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature –FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V -All
Enabling Client Hyper-V in Windows 8
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