Notes

Getting Started with Windows Server 2012

Hyper-V Essentials

Meet Your Instructor

•David Davis – 18+ years of IT experience

– Worked as a

• Network Admin

• Unix Admin

• Windows Admin

• VMware Admin

• IT Manager

– Successfully implemented virtualization in production

– Spoke at

• VMworld North America

• VMworld Europe

• User groups

• Conferences


•David Davis – Author of hundreds of virtualization articles on the web including

Virtualization Review magazine

– Author of numerous TrainSignal’s video training courses including:

• ESX Server, vSphere 4 and 5

• Troubleshooting and Performance

• vCloud Director Essentials

– Author of the MS Virtual Server video training course

– Obtained a number of certifications and awards


What We Will Cover

– Getting Started with Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Essentials

– Installing Hyper-V with Windows Server 2012

– Managing Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012

– Creating Virtual Machines

– Configuring Virtual Networks

– Hyper-V Virtual Extensible Switches

– Using Virtual Storage, Virtual Disks, and Snapshots

– Using Hyper-V Storage Migration

– Using Hyper-V Live Migration

– High Availability with Hyper-V Failover Clusters

– Using Hyper-V Replica

– Virtual Machine Conversion with Hyper-V

– Installing Free Hyper-V Server 2012

– Building a Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Lab

– Enabling Client Hyper-V with Windows 8

Outline

•Watch the lessons

•Pause the lessons and take notes

•Watch a lesson again if necessary

•Gain hands-on experience: – Using Microsoft online virtual labs

– By building your own lab

technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/hh968267.aspx

How to Use This Course

•If during the course you have feedback or questions, feel free to contact me via:

– TrainSignal Forums - http://forums.TrainSignal.com

– My Blog – http://www.VMwareVideos.com

Feedback

Installing Hyper-V with Windows Server 2012




http://forums.trainsignal.com/

http://www.vmwarevideos.com/

Types of Hyper-V

(commercial)

Foundation

no virtualization rights & no Hyper-V

Essentials


Standard

virtualization rights for 2 Windows VMs

Datacenter

unlimited virtualization rights

(commercial)

Foundation


Essentials


Standard


Datacenter


(commercial)

Foundation


Essentials


Standard


Datacenter


(commercial)

Foundation


Essentials


Standard


Datacenter


(commercial)

Hyper-V can be installed as a role using GUI or PowerShell

Foundation


Essentials


Standard


Datacenter


(free and client editions)

Hyper-V Server 2012

Free but offers no local GUI and no virtualization rights

“Client Hyper-V”

Hyper-V that you can enable in the Windows 8 desktop OS. Client Hyper-V is similar to Virtual PC but higher performance (a real type-1 hypervisor) and compatible with Hyper-V in Windows Server

Hardware Requirements

•Windows Server Minimum Requirements – 1.4Ghz 64 bit CPU

– 512MB RAM

– 32GB Disk space

– DVD drive, super VGA, mouse, keyboard, Internet access


•Real World Hyper-V Server– Multiple, multi-core 64 bit CPUs with Intel VT or AMD-V

– 8, 16, 32+GB of RAM

– Local storage or NAS/SAN

– Multiple NICs, 1Gb or greater


•Hyper-V Requirements – Hardware-assisted virtualization - Intel Virtualization Technology

(Intel VT) or AMD Virtualization (AMD-V)

– Hardware-enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP) - DEP must be available and enabled.

Note: Second Level Address Translation (SLAT) is not required for Windows 2012 Hyper-V but is required for Client Hyper-V in Windows 8


Key Terms You Should Know

Hardware-Assisted Virtualization— Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) or AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) must be available and enabled

Hardware-enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP)— DEP must be available and enabled

Managing Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012

Understanding Hyper-V

•What can Hyper-V do for you? – Run physical servers or end user desktops on many fewer physical hosts

(consolidation through virtualization)

– Offer advanced features to make your life, as a system admin, easier:

• Consolidation

• VM portability and hardware independence

• Cost savings

• Flexibility

• High availability

Features and Functionality

•Major Features of Hyper-V – Virtual networks

– Extensible switch

– Shared storage including virtual fibre channel

– New VHDX

– Live migration

– Shared-nothing storage migration

– Failover clusters

– Replica

– Virtual machine conversion

– Free Edition

Features and Functionality

Hyper-V Manager

Introduction to Hyper-V Manager

– Any other Windows Server 2012 system

– Windows 8 with client Hyper-V

– Remote server administration toolkit (RSAT) on Windows 8

– System center virtual machine manager (SCVMM)

– PowerShell

Using Hyper-V Manager Remotely

Managing Hyper-V with System Center

– Centralized management

– VM library

– Virtualization self-service portal

– Note that System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) has been replaced with System Center 2012

System Center 2012

Managing Hyper-V from a CLI

Managing Hyper-V with PowerShell

See: http://technet.microsoft.com/library/hh848559.aspx

Creating Virtual Machines

http://technet.microsoft.com/library/hh848559.aspx



How to Create a New Virtual Machine

Two ways to create a new Hyper-V VM

Import P2V or virtual

appliance

Create

•Creating a New Hyper-V VM, Step by Step – Name and location

– Assign memory

– Configure networking

– Connect virtual hard disk

– Installation options for the OS

– GO!

How to Create a New Virtual Machine

Exploring VM Settings

•Hardware – BIOS

– Memory

– Processor

– Storage

– Networking


•Management – Integration services

– Locations

– Automatic start/stop


Importing Virtual Machines

•Importing a Hyper-V VM – Built-in to Hyper-V Manager


Importing from physical or virtual

(P2V or V2V)

• Using MS or 3rd party tools


New VM Features

New VM Features

Increased Scalability

Hosts - 320 logical processors - 4TB of RAM VMs - 64 virtual processors - 1 TB virtual memory

New VHDX File Format

Up to 64TB of virtual hard disk space


Virtual Machine (VM) - the virtualized server running on the virtual host (aka the hypervisor)

Virtual Hardware - hardware assigned to the virtual machine such as virtual CPU, virtual memory, virtual disk, and virtual network interfaces

Guest OS - the operating system loaded and running inside the virtual machine such as Windows or Linux


P2V - converting a physical server to a virtual server

V2V - converting a virtual server, running on one hypervisor, to another hypervisor (for example, from vSphere to Hyper-V)

VHDX - virtual hard disk, extended format

Configuring Virtual Machine Networks

Why Virtual Networks?

•Virtual networks include:

- Virtual NICs

- Virtual switches

- Uplinks

Why Virtual Networks?

What Is A Virtual Switch?

What Is a Virtual Switch?

Connects virtual machines together

Switches frames based on MAC

address, just like a physical switch

Connects virtual machines to an

uplink

– ARP spoofing protection

– DHCP guard

– Port ACLs

– Bandwidth limiting

– VLAN identification

– SR-IOV (new)

– Extensibility (new)

Virtual switches offer features such as:

3 Types of Virtual Networks


External Internal Private



Virtual Switch – connects VMs together and to the physical network

Virtual NIC - one or multiple in each virtual machine, connecting the VM to the virtual switch

Virtual Networks – internal, external, and private

Hyper-V Extensible Virtual Switches

Understanding Hyper-V Extensible Switch

•New in Windows 2012 Hyper-V: – Virtual switches can be extended

– Extensions allow network applications to be inserted into the Hyper-V kernel

• Providing virtual network monitoring, forwarding, and filtering

– Examples of extensions are virtual firewalls and security scanning applications

Understanding Extensible Switches

Examples of Hyper-V Switch Extensions

5nine Virtual Firewall and

Anti-malware

Inmon sFlow Packet Capture

and Analysis

Cisco Nexus 1000V for Hyper-V

Broadcom DoS Prevention

Using 5nine Virtual Firewall and Anti-malware

Enabling a Hyper-V Switch Extension

Using Virtual Storage, Virtual Disks, and

Snapshots

Traditional Storage Options

•Even with virtual storage, you still need physical storage of some kind

Traditional Storage Options

Local Storage

DASD

Storage Area Network (SAN)

iSCSI

Fibre Channel (FC)

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

NFS

SMB

What Is Virtual Storage?

Virtual Storage Benefits

Hardware Independence

Cloning Snapshots Thin

Provisioning

Portability Easier Backup and Replication

•Virtual machine disks are actually files

•.VHDX files and are stored on physical storage

Virtual Storage Explained

Three Types of Virtual Disks

•Fixed

•Dynamic

•Differencing

Three Types of Virtual Disks

Understanding VHDX

Understanding VHDX

Benefits of Using VHDX

Up to 64TB in size

Better protection against corruption

Improved alignment

Larger block size Custom metadata Efficiency

New Storage Features

USB3 Storage Virtual Fibre

Channel

Using Hyper-V Storage Migration

Why You Need Storage Migration

Storage Migration -

Moving a running virtual machine’s virtual storage from disk to another

Why You Need Storage Migration

SAN/NAS maintenance

Out of space (balance the load)

Out of IOPS (balance the load)

How Storage Migration Works

How Storage Migration Works

Graphic Thanks to Microsoft.com

Storage Migration, Step by Step

•Requirements: – Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V on at least 2 hosts

– A virtual machine configured to use only virtual storage


•Step by Step 1. Use the Move wizard

2. Select what you want to move

• All data to same location

• All data to different locations

• Only virtual hard disk

3. Move it !


Using Hyper-V Live Migration

Live Migration Defined

Live Migration -

Moving a running virtual machine from one host to another with no downtime to running applications

•Requirements

– Two Windows 2012 servers with Hyper-V

– CPUs from the same vendor and family

– Belong to the same AD domain

– VMs using virtual disks or virtual fibre channel

• Recommended - to use a private network for live migration traffic

Live Migration Defined

Live migration setup

Memory pages are transferred from the source node to the destination node

Modified pages are transferred

The storage handle is moved from the

source server to the destination server

The virtual machine is brought online on

the destination server

Network cleanup

How Live Migration Works

Shared-Nothing Migration

Lets go!

Live Migration Requirements

All files that comprise a VM are stored on a SMB share

Permissions on the SMB share have been configured to grant

access to the computer accounts of all servers running Hyper-V

High Availability with Hyper-V Failover

Clusters

Failover Clustering Explained

Failover Clustering -

Provides high availability and scalability to server workloads including applications like Exchange, Hyper-V, SQL, and file servers

Nodes -

Clustered servers

Failover -

When a node fails and other nodes take over

Clustered roles -

The software that makes failover clustering work

Cluster shared volumes (CSV) -

Provide a consistent, distributed namespace that clustered roles can use to access shared storage from all nodes

•Increased Scalability – 16 to 64 nodes

– 1000 to 8000 nodes (1024 per node)

Simplified live migration and quick migration of virtual machines and virtual machine storage

Support for Hyper-V Replica

•Search, filtering, and custom views

Failover Clustering

New in Windows 2012 Failover Clustering

New in Windows 2012 Failover Clustering

Service monitoring of Hyper-V VM

applications

Restart of virtual machine services

or move it to another node

Cluster validation tests

VM Priority and preemption

Memory-aware VM placement

VM mobility

Automated node draining

Powershell cmdlets

Failover Clustering, Step by Step

• Planning

• Creating a cluster shared volume (CSV)

• Configuring virtual networking

• Testing live migration

• Test failover

• GO!

Failover Clustering, Step by Step

Using Hyper-V Replica

Hyper-V Replica Defined

Hyper-V Replica - a built-in software based asynchronous replication mechanism


What it is

– Replication for the SME/SMB

– Works with limited bandwidth

What it is not

– Not for large enterprise

– Not to replicate a large number of VMs, like you would with hardware-based SAN replication


How it works:

1. Host replica log (HRL) is maintained on the host for the VHD files

2. The log is replayed to the replica host, ideally, every 5 minutes

3. The replay is done in reverse order (latest writes are written first)

4. There is no automatic failover



Replication is configured for each VM by- – Configuring authentication – either HTTP (Kerberos) within the AD

forest or HTTPS (destination SSL certificate) for inter-forest (or hosted) replication

– Select the VHDs you want to replicate

– Select the destination

– Select the compression data transfer

– Optionally, enable VSS once per hour

– Configure the number of replicas to retain on the destination

– Choose the initial replication method – LAN, offline, or seed VM

Let’s configure it!


Virtual Machine Conversion with

Hyper-V

Why You Need Conversion Tools

Why You Need Conversion Tools

Physical to Virtual (P2V)

server conversion

Virtual to Virtual (V2V)

server conversion

Microsoft Conversion Tools

Built-In to Hyper-V

• VM Import

Microsoft Virtual Machine Converter (MVMC)

• Free download

• Converts from vSphere to Hyper-V

• MVMC requirements – The VM you are converting must be running/powered-on

– The VM must have the VMTools installed and running

– The VM must be joined to the Windows domain

Microsoft Conversion Tools

Third-Party Conversion Tools

•5nine V2V Easy Converter – vSphere to Hyper-V conversion

– FAST! (faster than MVMC)

Third-Party Conversion Tools

•Export and Import of a Hyper-V VM

•Microsoft Virtual Machine Converter

Demonstration

Installing Free Hyper-V Server 2012

What Free Hyper-V 2012 Has to Offer

•Features

What Free Hyper-V 2012 Has to Offer

Offers all the advanced features of Windows Server 2012 with the Hyper-V role

No virtualization rights No local graphical interface (similar to “server core”)

•Download

Downloading and Installing Hyper-V Server 2012

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/hyper-v-server/default.aspx

Register for a free Microsoft account

Downloading and Installing Hyper-V Server 2012

•Install

Boot server from an ISO and install

Install the Microsoft remote server administration tools on another workstation

Use Hyper-V Manager to manage the free Hyper-V Server










Building a Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V

Lab

Why Build a Hyper-V Lab?

Learning

Why Build a Hyper-V Lab?

Certification Testing Development

Building a Hyper-V Lab

1. Physical Hyper-V Lab

Building a Hyper-V Lab

2. Virtual Hyper-V Lab

Enabling Client Hyper-V with Windows 8

How Can Client Hyper-V Help You?

How Can Client Hyper-V Help You?

Running other operating systems

Testing VMs to be moved to a

production Hyper-V server

Testing and learning Windows

Server 2012 or other applications like Exchange or

Sharepoint

Development

Enabling Client Hyper-V in Windows 8

Requirements

– 64-bit CPU

– Intel VT or AMD-V enabled in your CPU

– Second level address translation (SLAT) in your CPU

– At least 4GB of RAM

– You must license each Windows operating system, running in a VM


Enabling Client Hyper-V

– On the Control Panel, click Programs, and then click Programs and Features

– Click Turn Windows features on or off

– Click Hyper-V, click OK, and then click Close

OR

– Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature –FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V -All


Documents

Notes