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NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA (CHAPTER 7). EARLY CULTURE HEARTHS. MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM. Physical Aridity Oil Cultural Culture Hearths World Religions Conflict. MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM (cont). Population - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NORTH AFRICA &SOUTHWEST
ASIA(CHAPTER 7)
EARLY CULTURE HEARTHS
MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM
PhysicalPhysical AridityAridity OilOil
CulturalCultural Culture HearthsCulture Hearths World ReligionsWorld Religions ConflictConflict
MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM (cont)
PopulationPopulationDiscontinuous clusters around Discontinuous clusters around
infrequent water sourcesinfrequent water sourcesRegional ImbalancesRegional Imbalances
Oil and Non-oil states (“haves” versus Oil and Non-oil states (“haves” versus “have-nots”)“have-nots”)
Political GeographyPolitical GeographyFragmented due to colonial Fragmented due to colonial
experienceexperience
THE IMPACT OF OILTHE IMPACT OF OIL
HIGH INCOMESHIGH INCOMES
MODERNIZATIONMODERNIZATION
INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION
REGIONAL DISPARITIESREGIONAL DISPARITIES
FOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTMENT
OIL AND NATURAL GAS OIL AND NATURAL GAS RESERVESRESERVES
NAMING THE REALM
Popular LabelsPopular LabelsDry WorldDry WorldArab WorldArab WorldIslamic WorldIslamic WorldMiddle EastMiddle East
THE DRY WORLD ?
Dry/arid climate prevails Dry/arid climate prevails throughout the realmthroughout the realm
Exceptions:Exceptions:Peripheral regions of Turkey Peripheral regions of Turkey Northwestern section of IranNorthwestern section of IranOasesOasesSeveral great river valleysSeveral great river valleys
ANNUAL PRECIPITATION
NEGEV DESERT
E.J. PALKA
WATER - A RENEWABLE OR FINITE RESOURCE?
Water is critical for life, food Water is critical for life, food production, and industrial processes.production, and industrial processes.
9 out of 14 Southwest Asian states 9 out of 14 Southwest Asian states face water-short conditionsface water-short conditions (the most (the most concentrated region of scarcity in the concentrated region of scarcity in the world).world).
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
The majority of the population in this The majority of the population in this realm lives not in the dry arid regions, realm lives not in the dry arid regions, but around water resources.but around water resources.
- The Nile- The Nile
- Mediterranean Sea- Mediterranean Sea
- Euphrates and Tigris Basin - Euphrates and Tigris Basin
- Lower mountain slopes of Iran, south - Lower mountain slopes of Iran, south of the Caspian Seaof the Caspian Sea
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
AN ARAB REALM ?
Relates to language as a cultural Relates to language as a cultural feature of this realmfeature of this realm
ArabicArabic is the dominant language in the is the dominant language in the realm.realm.
In Non-Arab States, In Non-Arab States, indigenous indigenous languageslanguages dominate. dominate.- - Turkey - TurkishTurkey - Turkish
- - Iran - FarsiIran - Farsi
- - Israel - HebrewIsrael - Hebrew
Persians
Azerbijianis
Kurds
Turks
Arabs
Bakhtiari
Lur
ISLAMIC REALM?
Muhammad (571- 632 AD)Muhammad (571- 632 AD)Five Pillars Of FaithFive Pillars Of Faith
Belief in one GodBelief in one GodFive daily prayersFive daily prayersGenerous almsGenerous almsFasting during RamadanFasting during RamadanPilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
Sunnis vs Shi’itesSunnis vs Shi’ites
DOME OF THE ROCK
E.J. PALKA
THE WESTERN WALL
E.J. PALKA
CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY
E.J. PALKA
INSIDE THE CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY
E.J. PALKA
THE STAGE FOR ISLAM
SPATIAL DIFFUSIONSPATIAL DIFFUSION
The process by which a concept, The process by which a concept, practice, or substance spreads practice, or substance spreads from its point of origin to new from its point of origin to new territoriesterritories
Types: relocation, contagious Types: relocation, contagious and hierarchical diffusion.and hierarchical diffusion.
RELOCATION DIFFUSIONRELOCATION DIFFUSION
The most common form of relocation The most common form of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating innovations by a migrating population.population.
CONTAGIOUS EXPANSIONCONTAGIOUS EXPANSION
The The spreadingspreading of an idea, of an idea, innovation, or some other item innovation, or some other item through a local population through a local population by by contactcontact from person to person from person to person
Analogous to the communication Analogous to the communication of a contagious of a contagious diseasedisease
HIERARCHICAL EXPANSIONHIERARCHICAL EXPANSIONA form of diffusion in which an idea or A form of diffusion in which an idea or
innovation spreads by “innovation spreads by “trickling downtrickling down” ” from larger to smaller adopting units.from larger to smaller adopting units.
An An urban hierarchyurban hierarchy is usually involved, is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wider areas, with innovations over wider areas, with geographic distance a less important geographic distance a less important factor. E.g. Paris, London, New York get factor. E.g. Paris, London, New York get information before the information before the smaller townssmaller towns in in those those same countriessame countries..
REGIONS OF THE REALM
EGYPT AND THE EGYPT AND THE LOWER NILE BASINLOWER NILE BASIN
CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATION > 5,000 CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATION > 5,000 YEARSYEARS
95% OF EGYPT’S 76.4 MILLION PEOPLE 95% OF EGYPT’S 76.4 MILLION PEOPLE LIVE WITHIN 12 MILES (20 KMS) OF THE LIVE WITHIN 12 MILES (20 KMS) OF THE NILENILE
BASIN IRRIGATIONBASIN IRRIGATION PERENNIAL IRRIGATIONPERENNIAL IRRIGATION - MID 1800s - MID 1800s ASWAN HIGH DAMASWAN HIGH DAM - 1968 - 1968
INCREASED AGRICULTURAL LAND BY 50%INCREASED AGRICULTURAL LAND BY 50% PROVIDES 40% OF ELECTRICITYPROVIDES 40% OF ELECTRICITY
EGYPTEGYPT
STRATEGIC SITUATIONSTRATEGIC SITUATION CAIROCAIRO
THE MAGHREB AND ITS NEIGHBORS
MIDDLEEAST
THE MIDDLE EASTTHE MIDDLE EAST
““MIDDLE” OF THE ISLAMIC REALMMIDDLE” OF THE ISLAMIC REALM IRAQ, SYRIA, JORDAN, ISRAEL, LEBANON IRAQ, SYRIA, JORDAN, ISRAEL, LEBANON PROCLAMATION OF ISRAEL AS A STATE PROCLAMATION OF ISRAEL AS A STATE
(14th May, 1948)(14th May, 1948) CENTER OF CONFLICT BETWEEN CENTER OF CONFLICT BETWEEN
CHRISTIANS, JEWS, AND MUSLIMSCHRISTIANS, JEWS, AND MUSLIMS SUNNISUNNI - - SHI’ITESHI’ITE CONFLICT (WITHIN IRAQ CONFLICT (WITHIN IRAQ
AND THROUGHOUT THE REGION)AND THROUGHOUT THE REGION) A FUTURE KURDISTAN? – a Stateless A FUTURE KURDISTAN? – a Stateless
Nation.Nation.
ARABIANPENINSULA
ARABIAN PENINSULAARABIAN PENINSULA
SAUDI ARABIA, KUWAIT, SAUDI ARABIA, KUWAIT, BAHRAIN, QATAR, UAE, OMAN, BAHRAIN, QATAR, UAE, OMAN, YEMEMYEMEM
OIL, DESERT, AND STRATEGIC OIL, DESERT, AND STRATEGIC LOCATIONLOCATION
SAUDI ARABIA- 26.6 MILLION SAUDI ARABIA- 26.6 MILLION PEOPLE WITH THE WORLD’S PEOPLE WITH THE WORLD’S GREATEST OIL RESERVESGREATEST OIL RESERVES
THE EMPIRE STATESTHE EMPIRE STATES
TURKEYTURKEY
WESTERNIZATIONWESTERNIZATION ISLAM LOST OFFICIAL STATUSISLAM LOST OFFICIAL STATUSROMAN ALPHABET REPLACED ARABICROMAN ALPHABET REPLACED ARABIC ISLAMIC LAW REPLACED BY WESTERN CODEISLAMIC LAW REPLACED BY WESTERN CODEMONOGAMY BECAME LAWMONOGAMY BECAME LAWWOMEN GAINED RIGHTSWOMEN GAINED RIGHTSTURKEY SEPARATED FROM ARAB WORLDTURKEY SEPARATED FROM ARAB WORLD
KURDISH POPULATIONKURDISH POPULATION14 MILLION- 1/5 OF TURKEY’S 73.3 MILLION14 MILLION- 1/5 OF TURKEY’S 73.3 MILLION
IRANIRAN
A COUNTRY OF MOUNTAINS AND A COUNTRY OF MOUNTAINS AND DESERTSDESERTS
POPULATION OF 67 MILLIONPOPULATION OF 67 MILLION66% URBANIZED66% URBANIZEDOIL RESERVESOIL RESERVES
KAZAKHSTANKAZAKHSTAN
UZBEKISTANUZBEKISTAN
TURKMENISTATURKMENISTA
NN
KYRGYZSTANKYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTANTAJIKISTAN
5 STATES OF THE FORMER 5 STATES OF THE FORMER USSRUSSR
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