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NguyễnVănTuấn
Gene%csofOsteoporosisLab,GarvanIns%tuteofMedicalResearchUNSWMedicine,UNSWSydney,AustraliaUniversityofTechnologySydney,Australia
SchoolofMedicineSydney,UniversityofNotreDameAustraliaBoneandMuscleResearchLab,TonDucThangUniversity,Vietnam
Workshopvề"Côngbốnghiêncứukhoahọc"�ĐạihọcDượcHàNội7/1–11.1.2019 ©TuanV.Nguyen
Bảngsốliệuvàbiểuđồ
• Rấtquantrọng—Editorsvàđộcgiảđọcđầu%ên
• Editorsđánhgiábàibáodựatrênbảngbiểu
• Phải"standalone"vànóilênmộtcâuchuyện
Bacáchđểmôtảkếtquả
• Text–vănbản
• Tables–bảngsốliệu
• Figures–biểuđồ
Texthaytables?
Tablehaytext?
Tablehaytext?
Growthmediumaera%onwasessen%alforthegrowthofS.coelicolor.Atroomtemperature(24°C),nogrowthwasmeasurableinsta%onarycultures,whereasinaeratedcultures,wemeasuredsubstan%algrowth(78Klezunits).
Bảnghaybiểu?
• Khisựchínhxácquantrọnghơn"trends"àdùngbảngsốliệu
• Khixuhướngquantrọngàdùngbiểuđồ
Biểuđồ
• Tácđộngthịgiáclậptức
• Tốtchomôtảxuhướngvàpazerns
• Nhấnmạnhsựkhácbiệtgiữacácnhóm
• Khôngtốtchoexactness
Bảngsốliệu
Lọaibảngsốliệu
• Danhsách
• Bảngmôtả
• Bảngsosánh
• Bảngbáocáođabiến
Bảngliệtkêdanhsách
Bảng%1.%Common%urinary%tracts%pathogens%(alphabetical%order)%%%Candida&species%Enterococcus&species&&Escherichia&coli&&Proteus&mirabilis&&Staphylococcus&aureus&&&
Bảngmôtả
Table&2.&&Characteristics&of&subjects&&&Male%% 594%% (49.75%)%%Female%% 600%% (50.25%)%Age%% 64.47%(5.23)%% %History%of%diabetes%% 103%% (8.63%)%%History%of%CHD%% 56%% (4.69%)%%Body%weight%% 74.1%(17.3)%% %Shoe%size%% 9.2%(2.1)%% %Calories%per%month%% 62,125.4%
(15,781.2)%%%
%
Bảngmôtảtốthơn
Table&3.!Characteristics&of&the&1194&subjects&enrolled&in&the&ABC&Study&&Characteristics&& N&(%)&or&Mean&(SD)&Men!! 594!!(50)!
History!of!diabetes!! 103!!(9)!
History!of!coronary!
heart!disease!!!
56!!(5)!
Age!(years)!! 64!!(5)!!
Body!weight!(kg)!! 74!!(17)!
Calories!per!day!!! 2070!(530)!
SD,!Standard!deviation.!!
Bảngsosánh
Bảng%5.%Hermodynamic%measurements%(mean%and%SD)%at%baseline%and%during%follow=up%%%! Measurement%%Week%%% Heart%
rate%%%SBP%% DBP%%
0!!! 76!(12)!! 162!(21)!!!96!(12)!!!1!!! 68!(8)!! 142!(18)!! 82!(10)!!6!! 65!(7)!! 138!(14)!! 80!(6)!!!
Bảngsosánhtốthơn
Bảng%6.%Selected%hermodynamic%measurements%(mean%and%SD)%at%baseline%and%during%follow=up,%in%58%subjects%with%hypertension%%!! Week%of%Treatment*%Measurement%% Baseline%% 1%% 6%%Heart!rate!! 76!(12)!! 68!(8)!! 65!(7)!!Systolic!blood!pressure!!
162!(21)! 142!(18)! 138!(14)!
Diastolic!blood!pressue!!
96!(12)! 82!(10)! 80!(6)!
*!All!measures!showed!significant!(P!<!0.01)!differences!from!baseline!at!weeks!1!and!6.!!Numbers!in!brackets!are!standard!deviation!(SD).!!
Bảngsosánh
Table&7.&Effects&of&intensive&vacuuming&on&pulmonary&function&at&6&months&in&the&Vacuum&Away&Dust&(VAD)&study&!&Measurement&(unit)&&&
Vacuum&&&&&(n&=&60)&&
Control&&(n&=&57)&
&Forced!expiratory!volume,!1!sec!(L)!!
2.0!(0.6)!! 1.6!(0.8)!!
Peak!expiratory!flow!(L/min)!!
290!(80)!! 260!(120)!!
Prednisone!dose!(mg/day)!!
14!(12)!! 10!(15)!!
!
Bảngsosánhtốthơn
Table&8.&Effects&of&intensive&vacuuming&on&pulmonary&function&at&6&months&in&the&Vacuum&Away&Dust&(VAD)&study&&!&Measurement&(unit)&&&
Vacuum&&&&&(n&=&60)&&
Control&&(n&=&57)&
Vacuum&–&Control&(95%&
CI)*&&& N&(%)&or&Mean&(SD)&Forced!expiratory!volume,!1!sec!(L)!!
2.0!(0.6)!! 1.6!(0.8)!! 0.4!(0.1,!0.7)!!
Peak!expiratory!flow!(L/min)!!
290!(80)!! 260!(120)!! 30!(5,!55)!!
Prednisone!dose!(mg/day)!!
14!(12)!! 10!(15)!! 4!(I2,!6)!
!
Bảngsosánh
Table&9.&&Characteristics&of&the&1346&subjects&subjects&by&outcome&&!&Characteristic&&&
Stroke&&(n&=&122)&
Controls&&(n&=&1224)&
Mean!(SD)!age!(years)!! 72!(5)!! 66!(6)!!History!of!diabetes!! 40!(33%)!! 63!(5%)!Previous!MI!! ! !!!None!! 70!(57%)!! 1103!(90%)!!!1!! 32!(26%)!! 105!(9%)!!!!2!! 20!(16%)!! 16!(1%)!!!
Bảngsosánhtốthơn
Table&10.&&Incidence&of&stroke&by&selected&characteristics&of&the&1346&subjects&&
!& & Incidence&of&stroke&&&Characteristic&&
In&those&with&characteristics&&&
&
In&those&without&
characteristics&
Relative&risk&(95%&CI)&&
Age!>!70!years!!! 12%!(80/660)!! 6%!(42/686)!! 2.0!(1.2!–!3.2)!!History!of!diabetes!!
39%!(40/103)! 7%!(82/1243)!! 5.8!(2.2!–!16)!!
Previous!myocardial!infarction!!!
30%!(52/173)!! 6%!(70/1173)!! 5.0!(3.2!–!8.0)!!
!
Bảnghồiquiđabiến
Table&14.&&Independent&predictors&of&coronary&heart&disease&among&2124&middle:&aged&subjected,&using&logistic®ression&model&&!&Predictor&&&
Regression&coefficient&&
&
Standard&error&&
P&value&&
Sex!! 0.51!! 0.22! 0.01!!Age!! 0.05!! 0.01!! <0.0001!!Serum!cholesterol!! 0.3!! 0.15!! 0.05!!Systolic!blood!pressure!!
0.7!! 0.3!! 0.02!!
Smoking!! 1.1!! 0.3!! <0.0001!!!
BảnghồiquiđabiếntốthơnTable&15.&&Independent&predictors&of&coronary&heart&disease&among&2124&middle;&aged&subjected,&using&logistic®ression&model&&!&Predictor&&&
Relative&risk&&&&
95%&confidence&interval&&
P&value&&
Sex!(male)!! 1.7!! 1.1!–!2.6!! 0.01!!Age!(per!10!years)!! 1.6!! 1.4!–!2.0!! <0.0001!!Serum!cholesterol!(per!20!mg/dL)!!
1.3!! 1.0!–!1.8!! 0.05!!
Systolic!blood!pressure!(per!10!mmHg)!!
2.0!! 1.1!–!3.6!! 0.02!!
Current!smoker!vs!nonKsmokers!!
3.0!! 1.7!–!5.4!! <0.0001!!
!
Bảngsốliệu
Phảicó
• Title
• Heading
• Data
How to design tables 43
This table is from a paper of which I was a coauthor. Now, with the benefit of hindsight, I see that this title contains the common error of repeating every single heading, except, in this case, the first one.No fewer than 31 of the 39 words in the title can be deleted. The shortened version can be grasped at a glance:
Table 8.1 Details of 80 diagnostic cases of first-trimester chorionic biopsy
The declarative title
If a table shows a clear trend or relationship, a declarative title could be preferable. The following table shows that the frequency of fractured clavicles increased with increasing birth weight.
Table 8.2 Fractured clavicles and birth weight
Deliveries Fractured claviclesBirth weight, g n % n %
–2500 434 8.5 9 2.072501–3000 1395 27.3 45 3.233001–3500 2047 40.0 108 5.283501–4000 1049 20.5 111 10.584001– 193 3.7 24 12.44All 5118 100.0 297 5.80
Source: Reproduced from a manuscript by Jójárt et al. 1992, with permission.
But the title is neutral and one has to study the table for a while in order to grasp the message. It would have helped the reader if the table’s message had been stated in the title:
Table 8.2 Increase in fractured clavicles with birth weight
Body
Headings
Title
ViếttextchobảngsốliệuInwomenwithBMI<26kg/m2,zincsupplementa%onwasassociatedwithasignificantincreaseinbirthweightof248g(P=0.005),anincreaseinheadcircumferenceof0.7cm(P=0.005),andincreaseinarmlengthof0.3cm(P=0.03).TheotheroutcomemeasuresallfavoredthezincsupplementgroupbutthedifferenceswerenotstaCsCcallysignificant(Table2).
Viếttextchobảngsốliệu
Table3showsthemeanbirthweightbytheBMIcategoriesrecommendedbytheNIHIns%tuteof
Medicine.ThelowertheBMI,thegreatertheeffectofzincsupplementa%ononbirthweight.
Quiướcđểsoạnbảngsốliệu
• Phảicó%tle
• Dòngvàcộtphảilogicvàthứtự
• Dữliệuphảiđơngiản
• Nhấnmạnhdữliệuquantrọng
Biểuđồ
Loạibiểuđồ
• Piechart
• Histogram
• Boxplot
• Barchart–nêntránh
• Forestplot
• Scazerplot
Biểuđồtrongkhoahọcrấtquantrọng
• "Apictureisworthathousandwords"
• Dễgâyấntượngởngườiđọc
• Biểuđồcógiátrịlâudài,cóthểđivàolịchsử
• Đòihỏiphảisuynghĩtrongthiếtkếbiểuđồ
Nguyêntắcsoạnbiểuđồ
• Nóilênsựthật(tellthetruth,showthedata)
• Tốiđahoátỉlệdữliệutrênmựcin(highdata-inkra%o)
• Tốiđahoámậtđộdữliệu(maximizedatadensity)
• Nghiêmchỉnh!(Tránhhoahoè)
AboveAllElseShowtheData
y = 1E-05x + 1.3641R2 = 0.0033
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5
0 5000 10000 15000File size (bytes)
Time
to fe
tch (s
econ
ds) Linear model
AboveAllElseShowtheData
y = 1E-05x + 1.3641R2 = 0.0033
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 5000 10000 15000File size (bytes)
Time
to fe
tch (s
econ
ds) Linear model
Nguyêntắc1:showthedata
Nguyêntắc2:Tốiđahoátỉlệdữliệutrênmựcin
Data-ink ratio = data-ink
Total ink used to print graphic
= Proportion of a graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant display of data-information.
= 1.0 – proportion of graphic that can be erased without the loss of information
Nguyêntắc2:Tốiđahoátỉlệdữliệutrênmựcin
Histogram of Midterm Results
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D/F C B- B B+ A- A A+
Scoring Buckets
# of
Stu
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s
Nguyêntắc2:Tốiđahoátỉlệdữliệutrênmựcin
• Erasenon-dataink
• Eraseredundantdata-ink
Histogram of Midterm Results
0
2
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6
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18
20
D/F C B- B B+ A- A A+
Scoring Buckets
# of
Stu
dent
s
Scoring Buckets #
of S
tude
nts
C B- B B+ A- A 0 1 2
5
11
18
7
Nguyêntắc3:Tốiđahoámậtđộdữliệu
0
100
200
300
400
500
1 REPL 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time
cpfindfindgrepgreplsmabrcprm
0
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Replicas
Timecp
mab
rm
Distribu`ongraph
Vitamin D (ng/mL)
Prev
alenc
e
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
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10 20 30 40 50 60
Women
Boxplot1
Barchart–nêntránh!
https://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v11/n2/full/nmeth.2811.html
Boxplot2–moreinforma`ve!
Forestplot
Nguyen et al 2013
Scaferplot
Ho-Pham et al, Obesity 2011
Scaferplot
Ho-Pham et al, Obesity 2010
Biểuđồmạng
Biểuđồmạngtươngquan
Biểuđồ`ênlượng–nomogram
Tóm tắt
• Bảngbiểuphảiđứngmộtmình
• Mỗibảng/biểuphảinóilênmộtthôngđiệp
• Quiước– Đơngiản(simple)
– Cóthông%n(informa%ve)
– Khoahọc�nh(scien%fic)
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