NguyễnVănTuấn

Gene%csofOsteoporosisLab,GarvanIns%tuteofMedicalResearchUNSWMedicine,UNSWSydney,AustraliaUniversityofTechnologySydney,Australia

SchoolofMedicineSydney,UniversityofNotreDameAustraliaBoneandMuscleResearchLab,TonDucThangUniversity,Vietnam

Workshopvề"Côngbốnghiêncứukhoahọc"�ĐạihọcDượcHàNội7/1–11.1.2019 ©TuanV.Nguyen

Bảngsốliệuvàbiểuđồ

•  Rấtquantrọng—Editorsvàđộcgiảđọcđầu%ên

•  Editorsđánhgiábàibáodựatrênbảngbiểu

•  Phải"standalone"vànóilênmộtcâuchuyện

Bacáchđểmôtảkếtquả

•  Text–vănbản

•  Tables–bảngsốliệu

•  Figures–biểuđồ

Texthaytables?

Tablehaytext?

Tablehaytext?

Growthmediumaera%onwasessen%alforthegrowthofS.coelicolor.Atroomtemperature(24°C),nogrowthwasmeasurableinsta%onarycultures,whereasinaeratedcultures,wemeasuredsubstan%algrowth(78Klezunits).

Bảnghaybiểu?

•  Khisựchínhxácquantrọnghơn"trends"àdùngbảngsốliệu

•  Khixuhướngquantrọngàdùngbiểuđồ

Biểuđồ

•  Tácđộngthịgiáclậptức

•  Tốtchomôtảxuhướngvàpazerns

•  Nhấnmạnhsựkhácbiệtgiữacácnhóm

•  Khôngtốtchoexactness

Bảngsốliệu

Lọaibảngsốliệu

•  Danhsách

•  Bảngmôtả

•  Bảngsosánh

•  Bảngbáocáođabiến

Bảngliệtkêdanhsách

Bảng%1.%Common%urinary%tracts%pathogens%(alphabetical%order)%%%Candida&species%Enterococcus&species&&Escherichia&coli&&Proteus&mirabilis&&Staphylococcus&aureus&&&

Bảngmôtả

Table&2.&&Characteristics&of&subjects&&&Male%% 594%% (49.75%)%%Female%% 600%% (50.25%)%Age%% 64.47%(5.23)%% %History%of%diabetes%% 103%% (8.63%)%%History%of%CHD%% 56%% (4.69%)%%Body%weight%% 74.1%(17.3)%% %Shoe%size%% 9.2%(2.1)%% %Calories%per%month%% 62,125.4%

(15,781.2)%%%

%

Bảngmôtảtốthơn

Table&3.!Characteristics&of&the&1194&subjects&enrolled&in&the&ABC&Study&&Characteristics&& N&(%)&or&Mean&(SD)&Men!! 594!!(50)!

History!of!diabetes!! 103!!(9)!

History!of!coronary!

heart!disease!!!

56!!(5)!

Age!(years)!! 64!!(5)!!

Body!weight!(kg)!! 74!!(17)!

Calories!per!day!!! 2070!(530)!

SD,!Standard!deviation.!!

Bảngsosánh

Bảng%5.%Hermodynamic%measurements%(mean%and%SD)%at%baseline%and%during%follow=up%%%! Measurement%%Week%%% Heart%

rate%%%SBP%% DBP%%

0!!! 76!(12)!! 162!(21)!!!96!(12)!!!1!!! 68!(8)!! 142!(18)!! 82!(10)!!6!! 65!(7)!! 138!(14)!! 80!(6)!!!

Bảngsosánhtốthơn

Bảng%6.%Selected%hermodynamic%measurements%(mean%and%SD)%at%baseline%and%during%follow=up,%in%58%subjects%with%hypertension%%!! Week%of%Treatment*%Measurement%% Baseline%% 1%% 6%%Heart!rate!! 76!(12)!! 68!(8)!! 65!(7)!!Systolic!blood!pressure!!

162!(21)! 142!(18)! 138!(14)!

Diastolic!blood!pressue!!

96!(12)! 82!(10)! 80!(6)!

*!All!measures!showed!significant!(P!<!0.01)!differences!from!baseline!at!weeks!1!and!6.!!Numbers!in!brackets!are!standard!deviation!(SD).!!

Bảngsosánh

Table&7.&Effects&of&intensive&vacuuming&on&pulmonary&function&at&6&months&in&the&Vacuum&Away&Dust&(VAD)&study&!&Measurement&(unit)&&&

Vacuum&&&&&(n&=&60)&&

Control&&(n&=&57)&

&Forced!expiratory!volume,!1!sec!(L)!!

2.0!(0.6)!! 1.6!(0.8)!!

Peak!expiratory!flow!(L/min)!!

290!(80)!! 260!(120)!!

Prednisone!dose!(mg/day)!!

14!(12)!! 10!(15)!!

!

Bảngsosánhtốthơn

Table&8.&Effects&of&intensive&vacuuming&on&pulmonary&function&at&6&months&in&the&Vacuum&Away&Dust&(VAD)&study&&!&Measurement&(unit)&&&

Vacuum&&&&&(n&=&60)&&

Control&&(n&=&57)&

Vacuum&–&Control&(95%&

CI)*&&& N&(%)&or&Mean&(SD)&Forced!expiratory!volume,!1!sec!(L)!!

2.0!(0.6)!! 1.6!(0.8)!! 0.4!(0.1,!0.7)!!

Peak!expiratory!flow!(L/min)!!

290!(80)!! 260!(120)!! 30!(5,!55)!!

Prednisone!dose!(mg/day)!!

14!(12)!! 10!(15)!! 4!(I2,!6)!

!

Bảngsosánh

Table&9.&&Characteristics&of&the&1346&subjects&subjects&by&outcome&&!&Characteristic&&&

Stroke&&(n&=&122)&

Controls&&(n&=&1224)&

Mean!(SD)!age!(years)!! 72!(5)!! 66!(6)!!History!of!diabetes!! 40!(33%)!! 63!(5%)!Previous!MI!! ! !!!None!! 70!(57%)!! 1103!(90%)!!!1!! 32!(26%)!! 105!(9%)!!!!2!! 20!(16%)!! 16!(1%)!!!

Bảngsosánhtốthơn

Table&10.&&Incidence&of&stroke&by&selected&characteristics&of&the&1346&subjects&&

!& & Incidence&of&stroke&&&Characteristic&&

In&those&with&characteristics&&&

&

In&those&without&

characteristics&

Relative&risk&(95%&CI)&&

Age!>!70!years!!! 12%!(80/660)!! 6%!(42/686)!! 2.0!(1.2!–!3.2)!!History!of!diabetes!!

39%!(40/103)! 7%!(82/1243)!! 5.8!(2.2!–!16)!!

Previous!myocardial!infarction!!!

30%!(52/173)!! 6%!(70/1173)!! 5.0!(3.2!–!8.0)!!

!

Bảnghồiquiđabiến

Table&14.&&Independent&predictors&of&coronary&heart&disease&among&2124&middle:&aged&subjected,&using&logistic&regression&model&&!&Predictor&&&

Regression&coefficient&&

&

Standard&error&&

P&value&&

Sex!! 0.51!! 0.22! 0.01!!Age!! 0.05!! 0.01!! <0.0001!!Serum!cholesterol!! 0.3!! 0.15!! 0.05!!Systolic!blood!pressure!!

0.7!! 0.3!! 0.02!!

Smoking!! 1.1!! 0.3!! <0.0001!!!

BảnghồiquiđabiếntốthơnTable&15.&&Independent&predictors&of&coronary&heart&disease&among&2124&middle;&aged&subjected,&using&logistic&regression&model&&!&Predictor&&&

Relative&risk&&&&

95%&confidence&interval&&

P&value&&

Sex!(male)!! 1.7!! 1.1!–!2.6!! 0.01!!Age!(per!10!years)!! 1.6!! 1.4!–!2.0!! <0.0001!!Serum!cholesterol!(per!20!mg/dL)!!

1.3!! 1.0!–!1.8!! 0.05!!

Systolic!blood!pressure!(per!10!mmHg)!!

2.0!! 1.1!–!3.6!! 0.02!!

Current!smoker!vs!nonKsmokers!!

3.0!! 1.7!–!5.4!! <0.0001!!

!

Bảngsốliệu

Phảicó

•  Title

•  Heading

•  Data

How to design tables 43

This table is from a paper of which I was a coauthor. Now, with the benefit of hindsight, I see that this title contains the common error of repeating every single heading, except, in this case, the first one.No fewer than 31 of the 39 words in the title can be deleted. The shortened version can be grasped at a glance:

Table 8.1 Details of 80 diagnostic cases of first-trimester chorionic biopsy

The declarative title

If a table shows a clear trend or relationship, a declarative title could be preferable. The following table shows that the frequency of fractured clavicles increased with increasing birth weight.

Table 8.2 Fractured clavicles and birth weight

Deliveries Fractured claviclesBirth weight, g n % n %

–2500 434 8.5 9 2.072501–3000 1395 27.3 45 3.233001–3500 2047 40.0 108 5.283501–4000 1049 20.5 111 10.584001– 193 3.7 24 12.44All 5118 100.0 297 5.80

Source: Reproduced from a manuscript by Jójárt et al. 1992, with permission.

But the title is neutral and one has to study the table for a while in order to grasp the message. It would have helped the reader if the table’s message had been stated in the title:

Table 8.2 Increase in fractured clavicles with birth weight

Body

Headings

Title

ViếttextchobảngsốliệuInwomenwithBMI<26kg/m2,zincsupplementa%onwasassociatedwithasignificantincreaseinbirthweightof248g(P=0.005),anincreaseinheadcircumferenceof0.7cm(P=0.005),andincreaseinarmlengthof0.3cm(P=0.03).TheotheroutcomemeasuresallfavoredthezincsupplementgroupbutthedifferenceswerenotstaCsCcallysignificant(Table2).

Viếttextchobảngsốliệu

Table3showsthemeanbirthweightbytheBMIcategoriesrecommendedbytheNIHIns%tuteof

Medicine.ThelowertheBMI,thegreatertheeffectofzincsupplementa%ononbirthweight.

Quiướcđểsoạnbảngsốliệu

•  Phảicó%tle

•  Dòngvàcộtphảilogicvàthứtự

•  Dữliệuphảiđơngiản

•  Nhấnmạnhdữliệuquantrọng

Biểuđồ

Loạibiểuđồ

•  Piechart

•  Histogram

•  Boxplot

•  Barchart–nêntránh

•  Forestplot

•  Scazerplot

Biểuđồtrongkhoahọcrấtquantrọng

•  "Apictureisworthathousandwords"

•  Dễgâyấntượngởngườiđọc

•  Biểuđồcógiátrịlâudài,cóthểđivàolịchsử

•  Đòihỏiphảisuynghĩtrongthiếtkếbiểuđồ

Nguyêntắcsoạnbiểuđồ

•  Nóilênsựthật(tellthetruth,showthedata)

•  Tốiđahoátỉlệdữliệutrênmựcin(highdata-inkra%o)

•  Tốiđahoámậtđộdữliệu(maximizedatadensity)

•  Nghiêmchỉnh!(Tránhhoahoè)

AboveAllElseShowtheData

y = 1E-05x + 1.3641R2 = 0.0033

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AboveAllElseShowtheData

y = 1E-05x + 1.3641R2 = 0.0033

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Nguyêntắc1:showthedata

Nguyêntắc2:Tốiđahoátỉlệdữliệutrênmựcin

Data-ink ratio = data-ink

Total ink used to print graphic

= Proportion of a graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant display of data-information.

= 1.0 – proportion of graphic that can be erased without the loss of information

Nguyêntắc2:Tốiđahoátỉlệdữliệutrênmựcin

Histogram of Midterm Results

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Nguyêntắc2:Tốiđahoátỉlệdữliệutrênmựcin

•  Erasenon-dataink

•  Eraseredundantdata-ink

Histogram of Midterm Results

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Scoring Buckets

# of

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Scoring Buckets #

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nts

C B- B B+ A- A 0 1 2

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Nguyêntắc3:Tốiđahoámậtđộdữliệu

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1 REPL 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Time

cpfindfindgrepgreplsmabrcprm

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Distribu`ongraph

Vitamin D (ng/mL)

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Women

Boxplot1

Barchart–nêntránh!

https://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v11/n2/full/nmeth.2811.html

Boxplot2–moreinforma`ve!

Forestplot

Nguyen et al 2013

Scaferplot

Ho-Pham et al, Obesity 2011

Scaferplot

Ho-Pham et al, Obesity 2010

Biểuđồmạng

Biểuđồmạngtươngquan

Biểuđồ`ênlượng–nomogram

Tóm tắt

•  Bảngbiểuphảiđứngmộtmình

•  Mỗibảng/biểuphảinóilênmộtthôngđiệp

•  Quiước– Đơngiản(simple)

–  Cóthông%n(informa%ve)

–  Khoahọc�nh(scien%fic)