New Travelling Wave Fault Location at SEL and the Need … · New Travelling Wave Fault Location at...

New Travelling Wave Fault Location at SEL and the Need

for Advanced HIL SolutionsArmando Guzmán, PhD

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

Fault Location Is Critical

Expedite service restoration

Reduce outage times

Identify insulator problems

Prevent potential recurring faults

Fault-Locating Technology Single- and double-ended TW methods

Single- and double-ended impedance methods

Best available fault location selection logic

Results ready in real-time

Supports hybrid transmission lines

Enables adaptive autoreclosing applications

A B

Fault Launches Traveling Waves

tB0.75 ms

tA0.25 ms

S F R

tS

tR

M LL – M

TimeTime

tFAULT = 0

Double-Ended TW Fault Locator

M = tS ∙LL

TWLPT

LL − M = tR ∙LL

TWLPT

M =LL

2∙ 1 +

tS − tRTWLPT

L F RM LL - M

B

Time

t1

Time

0

t2

t3

t4

t5

t6

Single-EndedTW Fault Locator

2 ∙ M = t4 − t1 ∙LL

TWLPT

M =LL

2∙t4 − t1TWLPT

L F RM LL - M

B

Time

t1

Time

B

0

t2

t3

t4

t5

t6

A

SETWFLTime

References

L F RM LL - M

B

Time

t1

Time

B

“Companion” TWs that

meet a known relative

timing criterion

0

t2

t3

t4

t5

t4

t6

A

Companion TWs

A

L F RM LL - M

B

Time

t1

Time

B

B

0

t2

t3

t4

t5

t6

A

Additional FL Information

Identify All Possible Fault Locations Determine possible fault locations using the measured TW

arrival times

Compare the possible FL with the results from DETWFL, DEZFL, and SEZFL methods

Evaluate how the expected TW patterns fit the measured TW arrival times

Rank alternatives on how they fit the measured TW pattern

Accurate to 10 m !

Error in meters

Nu

mb

er o

f C

ases

Selecting the Best FL Result

Double-ended TW-based method: Highest priority

Single-ended TW-based method: Second priority

Double-ended impedance-based method: Third priority

Single-ended impedance-based method: Lowest priority

TWFL on Hybrid OHL/UGC LinesOHL OHL OHLUGCUGC

Distance

TW

Pro

pa

ga

tio

n T

ime

Raw

Corr

ecte

d

Hybrid OHL/UGC AARC Application

I V V I

OHL OHL OHLUGCUGC

Allow AR for OHL sections

Cancel AR for UGC sections

TWFL TWFL

AARC AARC

Non SEL

AR RelayConverter

AR Cancel

Converter

AR Cancel

SEL

AR Relay

Advantages of TWFL

Suited for series-compensated and mutually coupled lines

Accurate down to a tower span

Accurate regardless of line length

Properly estimates fault location for fast fault clearing times

Advantages of TWFL in Relays Availability of TWFL for all lines

No need for new wires or sensors

Built-in relay-to-relay communication

Built-in time synchronization

Protection elements to aid fault location

Z-based fault locator that complements TWFL

How to Verify Performance ofTWFL and TW Protection?

TWs Provide FL Information

0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

0.298 0.299 0.3 0.301 0.302 0.303 0.304 0.305-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

0.298 0.299 0.3 0.301 0.302 0.303 0.304 0.305-100

-50

0

50

100

150

Curr

en

t (a

mp

ere

s p

rim

ary

)

Time (seconds)

Open Loop Playback Testing

Event Playback for Testing UHS Relays

Traveling Wave

and

Incremental

Quantity

Protection

1 MHz Voltages

1 MHz Currents

1.2 Second Events

UHS Relay

Local and Remote

Voltages and Currents

Ideal System for Testing UHS Relays

Real TimePower System

Simulator

PowerAmplifiers(200 kHz)

Thank You!

Accuracy Better than 6 m