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New Travelling Wave Fault Location at SEL and the Need
for Advanced HIL SolutionsArmando Guzmán, PhD
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
Fault Location Is Critical
Expedite service restoration
Reduce outage times
Identify insulator problems
Prevent potential recurring faults
Fault-Locating Technology Single- and double-ended TW methods
Single- and double-ended impedance methods
Best available fault location selection logic
Results ready in real-time
Supports hybrid transmission lines
Enables adaptive autoreclosing applications
A B
Fault Launches Traveling Waves
tB0.75 ms
tA0.25 ms
S F R
tS
tR
M LL – M
TimeTime
tFAULT = 0
Double-Ended TW Fault Locator
M = tS ∙LL
TWLPT
LL − M = tR ∙LL
TWLPT
M =LL
2∙ 1 +
tS − tRTWLPT
L F RM LL - M
B
Time
t1
Time
0
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
Single-EndedTW Fault Locator
2 ∙ M = t4 − t1 ∙LL
TWLPT
M =LL
2∙t4 − t1TWLPT
L F RM LL - M
B
Time
t1
Time
B
0
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
A
SETWFLTime
References
L F RM LL - M
B
Time
t1
Time
B
“Companion” TWs that
meet a known relative
timing criterion
0
t2
t3
t4
t5
t4
t6
A
Companion TWs
A
L F RM LL - M
B
Time
t1
Time
B
B
0
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
A
Additional FL Information
Identify All Possible Fault Locations Determine possible fault locations using the measured TW
arrival times
Compare the possible FL with the results from DETWFL, DEZFL, and SEZFL methods
Evaluate how the expected TW patterns fit the measured TW arrival times
Rank alternatives on how they fit the measured TW pattern
Accurate to 10 m !
Error in meters
Nu
mb
er o
f C
ases
Selecting the Best FL Result
Double-ended TW-based method: Highest priority
Single-ended TW-based method: Second priority
Double-ended impedance-based method: Third priority
Single-ended impedance-based method: Lowest priority
TWFL on Hybrid OHL/UGC LinesOHL OHL OHLUGCUGC
Distance
TW
Pro
pa
ga
tio
n T
ime
Raw
Corr
ecte
d
Hybrid OHL/UGC AARC Application
I V V I
OHL OHL OHLUGCUGC
Allow AR for OHL sections
Cancel AR for UGC sections
TWFL TWFL
AARC AARC
Non SEL
AR RelayConverter
AR Cancel
Converter
AR Cancel
SEL
AR Relay
Advantages of TWFL
Suited for series-compensated and mutually coupled lines
Accurate down to a tower span
Accurate regardless of line length
Properly estimates fault location for fast fault clearing times
Advantages of TWFL in Relays Availability of TWFL for all lines
No need for new wires or sensors
Built-in relay-to-relay communication
Built-in time synchronization
Protection elements to aid fault location
Z-based fault locator that complements TWFL
How to Verify Performance ofTWFL and TW Protection?
TWs Provide FL Information
0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
0.298 0.299 0.3 0.301 0.302 0.303 0.304 0.305-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
0.298 0.299 0.3 0.301 0.302 0.303 0.304 0.305-100
-50
0
50
100
150
Curr
en
t (a
mp
ere
s p
rim
ary
)
Time (seconds)
Open Loop Playback Testing
Event Playback for Testing UHS Relays
Traveling Wave
and
Incremental
Quantity
Protection
1 MHz Voltages
1 MHz Currents
1.2 Second Events
UHS Relay
Local and Remote
Voltages and Currents
Ideal System for Testing UHS Relays
Real TimePower System
Simulator
PowerAmplifiers(200 kHz)
Thank You!
Accuracy Better than 6 m
