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Green City, Clean Waters Implementing Philadelphia’s Combined Sewer Overflow Long Term Control Plan Update www.phillywatersheds.org/ltcpu
PHILADELPHIA’S HISTORIC CREEKS
Natural vs. Urban Stormwater Drainage
Stormwater infiltrates into the ground
Plants and trees work to absorb stormwater
Water hits impervious surface and runs off roofs, streets, parking lots etc.
Runoff goes into the sewers
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/stream_restoration/Images/scrhimage/chap3/fig3-21.jpg
40% evaporation
10% runoff
Natural Ground Cover
30% evaporation
55% runoff
City Setting 70-100% impervious surface area
25% shallow infiltration 25% deep
infiltration
10% shallow infiltration 5% deep
infiltration
60% of Philadelphia 40% of Philadelphia
Downspout
Storm drain
Downspout
Storm drain
Outfall pipe to creek
Combined Sewer Separate Sewer
Wet Weather Wet Weather
Outfall pipe to creek
TYPES OF SEWERS IN PHILADELPHIA
LOCATION OF US CSO COMMUNITIES
821 CSO communities in 32 states
NATIONAL CSO CONTROL POLICY OF 1994
• Expedite Compliance with the Clean Water Act – Must attain WQS
• Use – Swimming, Aquatic Life, Ind. & Ag. supply
• Criteria – Numeric and Narrative • Anti-degradation policy
• Control Discharges from CSOs – NPDES Permitting Process – Authorization to Discharge to Waterways
• Wet Weather Water Quality Act of 2000
CSO LONG TERM CONTROL PLAN OF 1997
• Policy Required CSS communities to develop and implement a Long Term Control Plan (LTCP)
• Implemented in 3 Phases – Nine Minimum Controls (NMCs) – Capital Program ~$200Million – Watershed Based Planning Initiative
• To improve Water Quality • Attain Water Quality Standards
Watershed-Wide Issues • Water Quality issues • Odors • Low Dissolved Oxygen • Bank Erosion • Lack of Channel Habitat and
Biological Diversity • Wetland Degradation • Poor Public Access to
Streams • Dumping and Trash • Vandalism
INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLANNING
Section 1: Introduction and Background Section 2: Public Participation Section 3: System Characterization Section 4: Problem Analysis and Goal Setting Section 5: Methods and Procedures Sections 6, 7, 8: Potential Control Measures Section 9: Alternatives Development and Evaluation Section 10: Final Selection and Development of Recommended Plan, LTCP Water Quality Approach, Implementation Schedule Section 11: Financial Capability Analysis and Financing Plan Section 12: Post-Construction Compliance Monitoring Proposal
2009 CSO LONG-TERM CONTROL PLAN
• CSO Long Term Control Plan Update to DEP/EPA on Sept. 1, 2009
• Improves water quality
• Advances City-wide Sustainability Program
• Maintains and upgrades one of the nation’s oldest infrastructure systems
• Improves public health and neighborhood quality of life
• Transforms river and stream corridors into recreation destinations and green open space for citizens
• Preserves and restores habitat for aquatic species
• Maximizes environmental return on every dollar spent
GREEN CITY, CLEAN WATERS
TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE Economic/Environmental/Social Benefits
• Economic Benefits • Costs • Jobs • Property Value
• Environmental Benefits • Ecological Benefits • Air Quality • Energy Savings • Carbon Footprint
• Social Benefits • Recreation • Heat Stress Mortality • Aesthetics
2009 LTCPU Submittal 2011 CONSENT ORDER & AGREEMENT - PADEP
Consent Order & Agreement – Establishment of WQBEL – Stream/Wetland restoration
removed – $200M additional funds – Additional 5-years – $1.2Billion (present value) – more than 34% ‘Greening’ – Approximately 12 ‘Deliverables’ – Evaluation and Adaptation Plans
every 5 years
June 1, 2011 June 1, 2036 25-year Program
“[Philadelphia] has earned a place as a national and global leader on sustainable innovation and clean water protection.” Lisa Jackson, EPA Administrator
April 10, 2012: The U.S. EPA and the City of Philadelphia joined in a partnership to advance green infrastructure for urban wet weather pollution control. This partnership demonstrates EPA’s strong support for sustainable storm water management yielding multiple benefits for community livability and other urban environment improvements.
$1.67 billion
$345 million
Green Stormwater Infrastructure
Adaptive Management
Wet Weather Treatment Plant Upgrades
GREEN CITY, CLEAN WATERS
$420 million
A range of soil-water-plant systems that intercept stormwater, infiltrate a portion of it into the ground, evaporate and transpire a portion of it into the air, and in some cases slowly release a portion of it back into the sewer system
GREEN STORMWATER INFRASTRUCTURE
• Acknowledges the symbiotic relationship between land use and water resources
Cliveden Park Herron Playground Free Library of Philadelphia
• Capacity Expansion at all 3 Wastewater Treatment Plants
– Over 1.4 BGD wet weather capacity • 215 MGD wet weather capacity by means of secondary treatment
bypass • 60 MGD increase in secondary treatment capacity • 50 MGD increase in the secondary treatment capacity
WET WEATHER WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS
DRY WEATHER WATER QUALITY, AESTHETICS, RECREATION
• Trash and Debris Removal; Solids and Floatables Control
• Enhancement of Public Access and Recreation Opportunities
• Sewer Rehabilitation
• Outfall Consolidation and Relocation
STREAM CORRIDOR RESTORATION AND PRESERVATION
• Restoration of stream beds and banks
• Creation/Restoration of Wetlands
• Improvements to Fish Passage
Natural Stream Channel Design and Sewer Protection
Proposed Stream Corridor and Preservation Sites
COA Deliverables
Deliverable Name Deliverable Date
Implementation and Adaptive Management Plan December 1, 2011 Green Infrastructure Maintenance Manual Development Process
Plan June 1, 2012
Comprehensive Monitoring Plan December 1, 2012
Facility Concept Plan for NE WPCP June 1, 2013
Facility Concept Plan for SE WPCP June 1, 2013
Facility Concept Plan for SW WPCP June 1, 2013
Updated Nine Minimum Controls Report June 1, 2013
Tributary Water Quality Model – Bacteria June 1, 2013
Tributary Water Quality Model - Dissolved Oxygen June 1, 2014
Green Infrastructure Maintenance Manual - First Edition June 1, 2014
Tidal Waters Water Quality Model - Bacteria June 1, 2015
Tidal Waters Water Quality Model - Dissolved Oxygen June 1, 2015
Implementation and Adaptive Management Plan
A strategy for the first years of Implementation
Delivery: December 1, 2011
Metric: All
Adaptive Management
Capital Projects Planning
Policy and Streamlining
Operations and Maintenance
Program Monitoring
Public Outreach
Natural Environment Monitoring
Tidal
Tributary
Groundwater
Rainfall
Sewer System Monitoring
Sewer System Flows
CSO Discharge
Model Outputs
Green Infrastructure Performance
Soil and Vegetation Underground Infrastructure
Comprehensive Monitoring Plan
Delivery: December 1, 2012
Metric: Greened Acres
Monitoring, Modeling and Inspections
Increase wet weather treatment capacity to over
1.4 billion gallons per day
Delivery: June 1, 2013
Metric: Overflow Reduction
Facility Concept Plans for Plant Expansion
50 MGD •Increase in secondary treatment capacity
60 MGD •Increase secondary treatment capacity
215 MGD •Increase wet weather capacity using secondary bypass
Tookany/Tacony-Frankford Cobbs Creek Delaware River Schuylkill River
Water Quality Modeling Delivery: 2013-2015
Metric: Progress Evaluation Tool
Assess the program and evaluate alternative implementation options
Bacteria
Dissolved Oxygen
Green Infrastructure Maintenance Manual
Delivery: June 1, 2014
Metric: Greened Acres
Defining maintenance activities, frequency and
efficiencies for long-term success of each type of
green stormwater infrastructure
Water Quality Based Effluent Limit (WQBEL)
Metric Units Cumulative amount
as of Year 25 (2036)
NE / SW / SE WPCP upgrade: Design &
Construction Percent complete 100%
Miles of interceptor lined Miles 14.5
Overflow Reduction Volume
Million Gallons per year 7,960
Equivalent Mass Capture TSS / BOD / Fecal
Coliform Percent 85%
Total Greened Acres Greened Acres 9,564
29
Opportunities & Barriers
Year Greened Acres Square Miles % Impervious cover removed
5 750 1 3% 10 2,100 3 8% 15 3,800 6 14% 20 6,400 10 23% 25 9,600 15 34%
GREEN STORMWATER GOALS 25-Year Implementation of Green City, Clean Waters
WHAT IS A GREENED ACRE?
Greened Acre: acre of impervious cover that is retrofitted to utilize green stormwater infrastructure which manages stormwater using source controls such as infiltration, evaporation, transpiration, decentralized storage and reuse.
GA = IC * Wd • IC is the impervious cover utilizing green stormwater infrastructure
(acres). This quantity can include the area of the stormwater management feature itself, as well as the area that drains to it.
• Wd is the depth of water over the impervious surface that can be physically stored in the facility (inches). Green stormwater infrastructure designs will be aimed at controlling at least 1.0 inch of runoff, and up to 1.5 inches of runoff, unless otherwise deemed feasible by engineering design.
• One Greened Acre is equivalent to one inch of managed stormwater from one acre of drainage area or 27,158 gallons of managed stormwater.
• Enforce strong stormwater regulations on development
• Create stormwater billing structure that rewards good practices
• Direct eight ambitious and innovative Green Programs to invest in green stormwater infrastructure
9,500+ IMPERVIOUS ACRES CONVERTED TO “GREENED ACRES”
Private Lands • Industrial/Commercial/Institutional • Homes • Parking • Alleys, Driveways and Walkways
Public Lands • Streets • Schools • Public Facilities • Open Spaces
Springside School “Water Wall” and Rain Garden
Saylor Grove Stormwater Wetland
Friends Center Green Roof
EIGHT GREEN PROGRAMS
GREEN STREETS Stormwater Planters Columbus Square Philadelphia, PA
Street-side Rain Garden Passyunk Avenue Philadelphia, PA
After
GREEN SCHOOLS
Before
Before After
Greenfield Elementary Center City
Wissahickon Charter East Falls
GREEN PUBLIC FACILITIES Green Roof: Free Library, Central Branch Center City
Downspout Planter: Waterview Recreation Center
Germantown
GREEN PUBLIC OPEN SPACES
Cliveden Park East Mount Airy
Liberty Lands Park Northern Liberties
GREEN PUBLIC OPEN SPACES Herron Playground Pennsport
Bar
ry L
ewis
COBBS CREEK GREEN HOMES PILOT PROJECT GREEN HOMES
• $30M PennVest loan • 5 phases between 2009
and 2012
• 93 Sites - over 200 Blocks
• 6 Greened Acres are completed
• 44 GA designed awaiting construction
• 40 GA in design • Construction costs typically
range from $200k to >$1M
PennVest (SRF) Low Interest Loan
• Collaboration between: – Mayor’s Office of Transportation &Utilities – Philadelphia Water Dept – Streets Dept
• Revise and define City review process and policies • Aligning Capital Programs – PWD and Streets • Standardizes green stormwater infrastructure when:
– Water and sewer lines are replaced (approx. 20 miles/year)
– Streets are re-surfaced (eventually 38 % of impervious cover)
GREEN STREETS DESIGN MANUAL
NEW INITIATIVES - First Five Years
• PWD Facilities • Green Campus
Initiatives • Green Schools and
Schoolyards • Greening of Publicly
owned Parking Facilities
• Vacant Lands • Green Homes
www.pennconnects.upenn.edu/find_a_project/by_category/landscape/shoemaker_green_images.php
GREEN PUBLIC PARKING LOTS
Eadom Street Parking Lot
East Falls Parking Lot
Public Parking Lot Owner Potential Greened Acres
(# of sites) Redevelopment Authority 13.1 acres (19 sites)
City of Philadelphia 12.2 acres (20 sites) Beach St. Corp. 11.5 acres (1 site)
Conrail 8.2 acres (2 sites) Kaplan at Tacony 1.7 acres (1 site)
Concept Tools Project Identification and Analysis
Design and Construction
Opportunities
• Maximizing Green Acres in
clustered areas 50+ GA at a time
• Alternatives analysis for integrated implementation
• Potential leveraging of limited funding
• Innovative collaboration
Stormwater Management Enhancement Districts
American Street Corridor Win-Win-Win (Community, Businesses, PWD)
• Centralized stormwater management
• Removes unnecessary pavement
• Collaborative Design
• Up to 46 new greened acres
• Corridor Revitalization
• Build out could double employment
opportunities
AN IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH THAT “EVOLVES” OVER TIME, HARNESSING THE RESOURCES OF:
• PWD • Other City departments and agencies • Public and private landowners • The development community • New or re-aligned not-for-profit groups • Foundations • Federal /state agencies • Community
PHILADELPHIA STORMWATER REGULATIONS Impacts New Development & Re-development with earth disturbance exceeding 15,000 square feet:
•Water Quality •Channel •Flood Control Meets the definition of a greened acre and manage the first inch of stormwater. Opportunity to leverage private development.
Since enacting the 2006 regulations: •PWD has approved 436 Stormwater Management Plans • 57% (248) of these projects are located in the CSO area
PARCEL-BASED STORMWATER BILLING: A financial incentives for better stormwater management
Existing Charge = $ 400 New Charge = $ 2,500
Gross Area = 600,000 Impervious Area = 500,000
• Shift from a meter-based charge for stormwater to a parcel-based stormwater charge • Credit system available for managing stormwater • Top 500 impacted parcels in the combined sewered area make up 12.3% of total
impervious area • Rewards Urban Development
Gross Area = 24,000 Impervious Area = 24,000
Existing Charge = $ 4,700 New Charge = $ 120
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT INCENTIVE PROGRAM
• Stormwater Credit program – to award a mix of grant and loan – modeled after the successful New York City Green Infrastructure
Grant Program. • To qualify, projects must cost effectively capture and retain
the first one inch of rainfall or greater on the property • Projects will be ranked higher during the review and
selection process based on: – feasibility, – visibility, and – the ability of the project to manage public runoff in addition to
on-site runoff. • Grantees will receive the credits as long as they maintain
the SMPs in good working condition.
CITY-WIDE PLANNING INITIATIVES
Public Outreach and Participation
Green City, Clean Waters Advisory Committee
Low Impact Design Challenge
Green City, Clean Waters Documentary Video Series GSI Interactive Tours,
Podcasts & Maps
Ribbon-cuttings and project specific events
Fairmount Waterworks Interpretive Center
Green Tours
Green City, Clean Waters Website www.phillywatersheds.org
Social Media: Facebook
The Flower Show
Front Street, Norris Ave, Frankford Ave and Palmer Street
CASE STUDY: THE BIG GREEN BLOCK
ALIGNING RESOURCES AND CREATING PARTNERSHIPS
BEYOND THE BIG GREEN BLOCK
• Connections to neighborhood amenities
• Columbia Avenue corridor to Penn Treaty Park
• Waterfront connection • Integration of local art • Promotes awareness
Photo credit: NKCDC
http://www.phillywatersheds.org marc.cammarata@phila.gov
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