NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011 Branches of Government Executive Branch ...

NBI Social Studies Vocabulary

Session 2

October 31, 2011

Branches of Government Executive Branch Judicial Branch Legislative Branch

Branches of Government

Executive Branch President/Governor Vice President/

Lt. Governor FBI, CIA, State

Police, local police, etc.

The Executive Branch of government ENFORCES the law

Judicial Branch Makes sure laws

are constitutional – meaning – are they legal and fair?

Each state has their own Supreme Court – but all are under the U.S. Supreme Court

Legislative Branch Makes the laws for

citizens (2) houses –

Senate and House of Representatives

Georgia’s Legislative Branch is the General Assembly (State Senate, House of Representatives)

November 2, 2011

Declaration of Independence

Articles of ConfederationConstitutionBill of Rights

Declaration of Independence

A statement sent to King George II of England that told the King that we would no longer be British subjects under his rule Declaration of Independence

Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation was the first document to outline how the United States would be structured as a country. Articles of Confederation

Constitution

The document that replaced the Articles of Confederation. If further framed how the United States would be run – how we would govern ourselves, etc. It is the document that gives us, or denies us, certain rights AND responsibilities. Constitution

Bill of Rights

First 10 Amendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights

November 3, 2011

ColonizationPatriotLoyalistCongress

Colonization When a foreign

power occupies land/territory for their own gain.

Patriot

Patriot A person who

fight’s for his/her country.

Loyalist A loyalist is a

person who is loyal to the Crown (i.e., the King of England)

Congress The two houses of

the Legislative body: House of Representatives and the Senate

November 8, 2011

Representative GovernmentContinental CongressConstitution of 1787Separation of Powers

Representative Government A system of

governance by chosen representatives, usually elected from among a large group, as in representative democracy; representative government .

Continental Congress

The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution.

Constitution of 1787 Adopted on September

17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and ratified by conventions in each U.S. State in the name of "The People". It has been amended twenty-seven times; the first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights

Separation of Powers  The three branches

(Legislative, Executive, Judicial) are distinct and have checks and balances on each other. In this way, no one branch can gain absolute power or abuse the power they are given.

November 9, 2011

Supreme CourtTariffTaxation without

RepresentationSovereignty

Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has jurisiction over all state and federal courts. The Court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Once appointed, justices have life tenure unless they are removed after impeachment

Tariff A tariff may be

either a tax on imports or exports.

Taxation without Representation Issue originating in

the 1750s A primary

grievance of the British colonists in the Thirteen Colonies

One of the major causes of the American Revolution

Sovereignty An independent

government within a defined territory

Having independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory.

November 10, 2011

NullificationSecessionTwo-Party SystemAntebellum

Nullification The legal theory

that a U.S. State has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law that a state has deemed unconstitutional.

Secession

Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity.

Two-Party System A two–party system is

a system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections at every level of government. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices are members of one of the two major parties.

Antebellum

the time period preceding a war, in the case of the United States, it is the period leading up to the Civil War, which began in 1860

November 15, 2011

ConfederacyStates RightsEmancipation ProclamationAbolition Movement

Confederacy The Confederate

States of America was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by 11 Southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S.

States Rights States' rights in

U.S. politics refers to political powers reserved for the U.S. state governments rather than the federal government

Emancipation Proclamation President Abraham

Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall

be free."

Abolition Movement Abolitionism was

a movement to end the slave trade and set slaves free.

November 16, 2011

13th Amendment14th Amendment15th Amendment

13th Amendment Passed by Congress on January 31,

1865, 13th amendment abolished slavery

14th Amendment

14th Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States

15th Amendment

15th Amendment: the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

November 17, 2011

Jim CrowDiscriminationSegregationDisenfranchisement

Jim Crow The Jim Crow laws

were state and local laws (southern states) enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans.

Discrimination Prejudicial

treatment of individuals based on their membership in a certain group or category.

Segregation segregation is the

separation of humans into racial groups in daily life.

Disenfranchisement The taking away of the

right to vote of a person or group of people. Disfranchisement may occur explicitly through law, or implicitly by intimidation or by placing unreasonable registration or identification impediments in the path of voters. Poll Tax Racial Intimidation Grandfather Clause Literacy Test

November 29, 2011

DesegregationReconstruction

MovementShare Cropping

Desegregation The process of

ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races.

Reconstruction Movement Implemented by

Congress and lasting from 1866 to 1877.

Goal was to reorganizing the Southern states after the Civil War providing the means

for readmitting them into the Union

defining the means by which whites and blacks could live together in a nonslave society.

Share-Cropping A system of

agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land

November 30, 2011

Migrant WorkerCivil DisobedienceCivil Rights MovementNon-violent Resistance

Migrant Worker Someone who

migrates outside or within a country, in order to pursue work such as seasonal work harvesting crops.

Civil Disobedience The active,

professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government.

Civil Rights Movement Movement in the

United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights in Southern states

Non-Violent Resistance The practice of

achieving socio-political goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, and other methods, without using violence

December 1, 2011

SuffrageChristian Evangelical

MovementMercantilismPrimary Source

Suffrage The civil right to

vote gained through the democratic process

Christian Evangelical Movement Evangelicalism is a

Protestant Christian movement which began in Great Britain in the 1730s and gained popularity in the United States during the series of Great Awakenings of the 18th and 19th century.

Mercantilism the theory of trade by

the major European powers from roughly 1500 to 1800. It advocated that a nation should export more than it imported The exportation of finished goods was favored over extractive industries like farming.

Primary Source A term used in a

number of disciplines to describe source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied

December 6, 2011

DemographicSocioeconomic GroupStandard of LivingPopulation Density

Demographic Demographics are

the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location

Socioeconomic Group Social classes, or

socioeconomic groups, are economic or cultural arrangements of groups in society.

Standard of Living Measured by

standards such as real income per person and poverty rate. Other measures such as access and quality of health care, income growth inequality and educational standards are also used.

Population Density The number of

people per unit of area, usually per mile

December 7, 2011

Agribusiness Capitalism Investment Infrastructure

Agribusiness a generic term for the

various businesses involved in food production, including farming and contract farming, seed supply, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesale and distribution, processing, marketing, and retail sales.

Capitalism

an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit, usually in competitive markets.

Investment

Putting money into something, like a bank, with the expectation of gain, within an expected period of time.

Infrastructure The basic physical

and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.

December 8, 2011

Inflation Economy Hierarchy Industrialization

Inflation The rise in the

general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time

Economy The economic

system of a country; the labor, capital and land resources; and the manufacturing, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Hierarchy an arrangement of

items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another.

Industrialization is the process of

social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one.