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NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2

NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011 Branches of Government Executive Branch Judicial Branch Legislative Branch

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Page 1: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

NBI Social Studies Vocabulary

Session 2

Page 2: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

October 31, 2011

Branches of Government Executive Branch Judicial Branch Legislative Branch

Page 3: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Branches of Government

Page 4: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Executive Branch President/Governor Vice President/

Lt. Governor FBI, CIA, State

Police, local police, etc.

The Executive Branch of government ENFORCES the law

Page 5: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Judicial Branch Makes sure laws

are constitutional – meaning – are they legal and fair?

Each state has their own Supreme Court – but all are under the U.S. Supreme Court

Page 6: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Legislative Branch Makes the laws for

citizens (2) houses –

Senate and House of Representatives

Georgia’s Legislative Branch is the General Assembly (State Senate, House of Representatives)

Page 7: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 2, 2011

Declaration of Independence

Articles of ConfederationConstitutionBill of Rights

Page 8: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Declaration of Independence

A statement sent to King George II of England that told the King that we would no longer be British subjects under his rule Declaration of Independence

Page 9: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation was the first document to outline how the United States would be structured as a country. Articles of Confederation

Page 10: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Constitution

The document that replaced the Articles of Confederation. If further framed how the United States would be run – how we would govern ourselves, etc. It is the document that gives us, or denies us, certain rights AND responsibilities. Constitution

Page 11: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Bill of Rights

First 10 Amendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights

Page 12: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 3, 2011

ColonizationPatriotLoyalistCongress

Page 13: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Colonization When a foreign

power occupies land/territory for their own gain.

Page 14: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Patriot

Page 15: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Patriot A person who

fight’s for his/her country.

Page 16: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Loyalist A loyalist is a

person who is loyal to the Crown (i.e., the King of England)

Page 17: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Congress The two houses of

the Legislative body: House of Representatives and the Senate

Page 18: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 8, 2011

Representative GovernmentContinental CongressConstitution of 1787Separation of Powers

Page 19: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Representative Government A system of

governance by chosen representatives, usually elected from among a large group, as in representative democracy; representative government .

Page 20: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Continental Congress

The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution.

Page 21: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Constitution of 1787 Adopted on September

17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and ratified by conventions in each U.S. State in the name of "The People". It has been amended twenty-seven times; the first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights

Page 22: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Separation of Powers  The three branches

(Legislative, Executive, Judicial) are distinct and have checks and balances on each other. In this way, no one branch can gain absolute power or abuse the power they are given.

Page 23: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 9, 2011

Supreme CourtTariffTaxation without

RepresentationSovereignty

Page 24: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has jurisiction over all state and federal courts. The Court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Once appointed, justices have life tenure unless they are removed after impeachment

Page 25: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Tariff A tariff may be

either a tax on imports or exports.

Page 26: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Taxation without Representation Issue originating in

the 1750s A primary

grievance of the British colonists in the Thirteen Colonies

One of the major causes of the American Revolution

Page 27: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Sovereignty An independent

government within a defined territory

Having independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory.

Page 28: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 10, 2011

NullificationSecessionTwo-Party SystemAntebellum

Page 29: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Nullification The legal theory

that a U.S. State has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law that a state has deemed unconstitutional.

Page 30: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Secession

Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity.

Page 31: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Two-Party System A two–party system is

a system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections at every level of government. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices are members of one of the two major parties.

Page 32: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Antebellum

the time period preceding a war, in the case of the United States, it is the period leading up to the Civil War, which began in 1860

Page 33: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 15, 2011

ConfederacyStates RightsEmancipation ProclamationAbolition Movement

Page 34: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Confederacy The Confederate

States of America was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by 11 Southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S.

Page 35: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

States Rights States' rights in

U.S. politics refers to political powers reserved for the U.S. state governments rather than the federal government

Page 36: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Emancipation Proclamation President Abraham

Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall

be free."

Page 37: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Abolition Movement Abolitionism was

a movement to end the slave trade and set slaves free.

Page 38: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 16, 2011

13th Amendment14th Amendment15th Amendment

Page 39: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

13th Amendment Passed by Congress on January 31,

1865, 13th amendment abolished slavery

Page 40: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

14th Amendment

14th Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States

Page 41: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

15th Amendment

15th Amendment: the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Page 42: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 17, 2011

Jim CrowDiscriminationSegregationDisenfranchisement

Page 43: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Jim Crow The Jim Crow laws

were state and local laws (southern states) enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans.

Page 44: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Discrimination Prejudicial

treatment of individuals based on their membership in a certain group or category.

Page 45: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Segregation segregation is the

separation of humans into racial groups in daily life.

Page 46: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Disenfranchisement The taking away of the

right to vote of a person or group of people. Disfranchisement may occur explicitly through law, or implicitly by intimidation or by placing unreasonable registration or identification impediments in the path of voters. Poll Tax Racial Intimidation Grandfather Clause Literacy Test

Page 47: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 29, 2011

DesegregationReconstruction

MovementShare Cropping

Page 48: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Desegregation The process of

ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races.

Page 49: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Reconstruction Movement Implemented by

Congress and lasting from 1866 to 1877.

Goal was to reorganizing the Southern states after the Civil War providing the means

for readmitting them into the Union

defining the means by which whites and blacks could live together in a nonslave society.

Page 50: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Share-Cropping A system of

agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land

Page 51: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

November 30, 2011

Migrant WorkerCivil DisobedienceCivil Rights MovementNon-violent Resistance

Page 52: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Migrant Worker Someone who

migrates outside or within a country, in order to pursue work such as seasonal work harvesting crops.

Page 53: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Civil Disobedience The active,

professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government.

Page 54: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Civil Rights Movement Movement in the

United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights in Southern states

Page 55: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Non-Violent Resistance The practice of

achieving socio-political goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, and other methods, without using violence

Page 56: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

December 1, 2011

SuffrageChristian Evangelical

MovementMercantilismPrimary Source

Page 57: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Suffrage The civil right to

vote gained through the democratic process

Page 58: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Christian Evangelical Movement Evangelicalism is a

Protestant Christian movement which began in Great Britain in the 1730s and gained popularity in the United States during the series of Great Awakenings of the 18th and 19th century.

Page 59: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Mercantilism the theory of trade by

the major European powers from roughly 1500 to 1800. It advocated that a nation should export more than it imported The exportation of finished goods was favored over extractive industries like farming.

Page 60: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Primary Source A term used in a

number of disciplines to describe source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied

Page 61: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

December 6, 2011

DemographicSocioeconomic GroupStandard of LivingPopulation Density

Page 62: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Demographic Demographics are

the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location

Page 63: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Socioeconomic Group Social classes, or

socioeconomic groups, are economic or cultural arrangements of groups in society.

Page 64: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Standard of Living Measured by

standards such as real income per person and poverty rate. Other measures such as access and quality of health care, income growth inequality and educational standards are also used.

Page 65: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Population Density The number of

people per unit of area, usually per mile

Page 66: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

December 7, 2011

Agribusiness Capitalism Investment Infrastructure

Page 67: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Agribusiness a generic term for the

various businesses involved in food production, including farming and contract farming, seed supply, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesale and distribution, processing, marketing, and retail sales.

Page 68: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Capitalism

an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit, usually in competitive markets.

Page 69: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Investment

Putting money into something, like a bank, with the expectation of gain, within an expected period of time.

Page 70: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Infrastructure The basic physical

and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.

Page 71: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

December 8, 2011

Inflation Economy Hierarchy Industrialization

Page 72: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Inflation The rise in the

general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time

Page 73: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Economy The economic

system of a country; the labor, capital and land resources; and the manufacturing, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Page 74: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Hierarchy an arrangement of

items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another.

Page 75: NBI Social Studies Vocabulary Session 2. October 31, 2011  Branches of Government  Executive Branch  Judicial Branch  Legislative Branch

Industrialization is the process of

social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one.