Myology part 2. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor...

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Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

Superficial Dissections

Ischiocavernosus

Bulbospongiosus

Vagina

Superficialtransverse perineal

Gluteus maximus

Female

Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

Urethra

Urogenital Diaphragm

External urethral sphincter

Deep transverse perineal

Central tendon of perineum

Pelvic Diaphragm

Levatorani

Pubococcygeus

Iliococcygeus

External anal sphincter

Coccygeus

Sacrotuberous ligament

Female

Deep Dissections

Figure 11-12b Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

Testis

Urethra (connectingsegment removed)

Ischiocavernosus

Bulbospongiosus

Superficialtransverse perineal

Gluteus maximus

Superficial Dissections

Figure 11-12b Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

Urogenital Diaphragm

Pelvic Diaphragm

UROGENITALTRIANGLE OFPERINEUM

Iliococcygeus

External urethral sphincter

Deep transverse perineal

Central tendon of perineum

Levatorani

Pubococcygeus

External anal sphincter

Coccygeus

Sacrotuberous ligament

ANALTRIANGLEMale

Deep Dissections

Table 11-10 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor (Figure 11–12)

11-6 Appendicular Musculature

• Appendicular Muscles

• Position and stabilize pectoral and pelvic girdles

• Move upper and lower limbs

• Two divisions of appendicular muscles

1. Muscles of the shoulders and upper limbs

2. Muscles of the pelvis and lower limbs

Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk

Deltoid

Superficial Dissection

Axial Muscles

Platysma

Appendicular Muscles

Pectoralis major

Latissimus dorsi

Serratus anterior

ATLAS: Plates25; 39b

Anterior view

Deep Dissection

Axial Muscles

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Subclavius

Deltoid (cutand reflected)

Pectoralis minor

Subscapularis

Pectoralis major(cut and reflected)

Coracobrachialis

Biceps brachii

Teres major

Serratus anterior

Anterior view

Axial Muscles

External oblique

Rectus sheath

Tensor fasciae latae

Superficial inguinal ring

Sartorius

Rectus femoris

Anterior view

Axial Muscles

External intercostal

Internal intercostal

Internal oblique (cut)

External oblique(cut and reflected)

Rectus abdominis

Transversus abdominis

Gluteus medius

Iliopsoas

Pectineus

Adductor longus

Gracilis

Deep Dissection

Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk

Axial Muscles

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Deltoid

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Teres major

Tricepsbrachii

ATLAS: Plate 40a,bPosterior view

Deep Dissection

Axial Muscles

Semispinalis capitis

Splenius capitis

Levator scapulae

Supraspinatus

Rhomboid minor

Rhomboid major

Latissimus dorsi

Thoracolumbarfascia

Iliac crest

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Deep Dissection

Erector spinaemuscle group

External oblique

Axial Muscles

• Muscles of the Shoulders and Upper Limbs

• Four groups

1.Muscles that position the pectoral girdle

2.Muscles that move the arm

3.Muscles that move the forearm and hand

4.Muscles that move the hand and fingers

• Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

• Trapezius

• Superficial

• Covers back and neck to base of skull

• Inserts on clavicles and scapular spines

Figure 11-14a Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

Muscles That Positionthe Pectoral Girdle

Trapezius

Levator scapulae

Subclavius

Pectoralis minor

Internal intercostals

External intercostals

Anterior viewATLAS: Plates 39a-d; 40a–b

Figure 11-14b Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

Trapezius

Posterior viewATLAS: Plates 27b; 40a–b

• Rhomboid and levator scapulae

• Deep to trapezius

• Attach to cervical and thoracic vertebrae

• Insert on scapular border

Figure 11-14b Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

Deep Dissection

Levator scapulae

Rhomboid minor

Rhomboid majorScapula

Serratus anterior

Tricepsbrachii

T12 vertebra

Posterior viewATLAS: Plates 27b; 40a–b

• Serratus anterior

• On the chest

• Originates along ribs

• Inserts on anterior scapular margin

• Subclavius

• Originates on ribs

• Inserts on clavicle

• Pectoralis minor

• Attaches to scapula

Trapezius

Levator scapulae

Subclavius

Pectoralis minor

Internal intercostals

External intercostals

Pectoralis minor(cut)

Serratus anterior

Biceps brachii, short head

Biceps brachii, long head

Table 11-11 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle (Figures 11–13, 11–14)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (a)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (b)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (c)

• Muscles That Move the Arm

• Deltoid

• The major abductor

• Supraspinatus

• Assists deltoid

Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm

Muscles ThatMove the Arm

Deltoid

Sternum

Clavicle

Pectoralis major

Anterior view

Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm

Posterior view

Supraspinatus

Deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

Thoracolumbarfascia

Vertebra T1

• Subscapularis and teres major

• Produce medial rotation at shoulder

Deep Dissection

Ribs (cut)

Subscapularis

Coracobrachialis

Teres major

Biceps brachii,short head

Biceps brachii,long head

Vertebra T12

Anterior view

• Infraspinatus and teres minor

• Produce lateral rotation at shoulder

• Coracobrachialis

• Attaches to scapula

• Produces flexion and adduction at shoulder

Deep Dissection

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Teres major

Triceps brachii,long head

Triceps brachii,lateral head

Posterior view

Deep Dissection

Ribs (cut)

Subscapularis

Coracobrachialis

Teres major

Vertebra T12

Anterior view

• Pectoralis major

• Between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus

• Produces flexion at shoulder joint

• Latissimus dorsi

• Between thoracic vertebrae and humerus

• Produces extension at shoulder joint

Deltoid

Sternum

Clavicle

Pectoralis major

Anterior view

Posterior view

Supraspinatus

Deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

Thoracolumbarfascia

Vertebra T1

• The Rotator Cuff

• Muscles involved in shoulder rotation

• Supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and

their tendons

Deep Dissection

Ribs (cut)

Subscapularis

Coracobrachialis

Teres major

Vertebra T12

Anterior view

Deep Dissection

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Teres major

Posterior view

Table 11-12 Muscles That Move the Arm (Figures 11–13 to 11–15)

A&P FLIX Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Overview (a)

A&P FLIX Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Overview (b)

• Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand

• Originate on humerus and insert on forearm

• Exceptions:

• The major flexor (biceps brachii)

• The major extensor (triceps brachii)

• Extensors

• Mainly on posterior and lateral surfaces of arm

• Flexors

• Mainly on anterior and medial surfaces

• Flexors of the Elbow

• Biceps brachii

• Flexes elbow

• Stabilizes shoulder joint

• Originates on scapula

• Inserts on radial tuberosity

• Brachialis and brachioradialis

Figure 11-16b Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand

Coracoid processof scapula

Humerus

Coracobrachialis

Biceps brachii,short headBiceps brachii,long head

Triceps brachii,medial head

Brachialis

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Pronator quadratus

Flexor retinaculum

Anterior view, superficial layer

• Extensors of the Elbow

• Triceps brachii

• Extends elbow

• Originates on scapula

• Inserts on olecranon

• Anconeus

• Opposes brachialis

Figure 11-16a Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand

Brachioradialis

Olecranon of ulna

AnconeusExtensor carpiradialis longus

Flexor carpiulnaris

Extensorcarpi ulnaris

Extensordigitorum

Extensorretinaculum

Extensor carpiradialis brevis

Abductor pollicislongusExtensor pollicisbrevis

Posterior view, superficial layer

Table 11-13 Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand (Figure 11–16)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (a)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (b)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (c)

• Flexors of the Wrist

• Palmaris longus• Superficial, flexes wrist

• Flexor carpi ulnaris• Superficial, flexes wrist, adducts wrist

• Flexor carpi radialis • Superficial, flexes wrist, abducts wrist

Humerus

Coracobrachialis

Brachialis

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

Palmaris longus

Pronator quadratus

Flexor retinaculum

• Extensors of the Wrist

• Extensor carpi radialis

• Superficial, extends wrist, abducts wrist

• Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Superficial, extends wrist, adducts wrist

Figure 11-16a Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand

Brachioradialis

Olecranon of ulna

AnconeusExtensor carpiradialis longus

Flexor carpiulnaris

Extensorcarpi ulnaris

Extensordigitorum

Extensorretinaculum

Extensor carpiradialis brevis

Abductor pollicislongusExtensor pollicisbrevis

Posterior view, superficial layer

• Pronation and supination

• Pronator teres and supinator

• Originate on humerus and ulna

• Rotate radius

• Pronator quadratus

• Originates on ulna

• Assists pronator teres

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (a)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (b)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (c)

Humerus

Coracobrachialis

Brachialis

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

Palmaris longus

Pronator quadratus

Flexor retinaculum

Figure 11-17b Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Supinator

Muscles That Flex theFingers and Thumb

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexor digitorum profundus

Anterior view, deepest layer

BrachialisCut tendons offlexor digitorumsuperficialis

Pronatorquadratus

Figure 11-17d Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Anconeus

Supinator

Muscles That Movethe ThumbAbductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Radius

Tendon of extensordigitorum (cut)

Posterior view, deepest layer

Tendon of extensordigiti minimi (cut)

Extensor indicis

• Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

• Also called extrinsic muscles of the hand

• Lie entirely within forearm

• Only tendons cross wrist (in synovial tendon sheaths)

Figure 11-17a Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Median nervePronator teres (cut)Brachial arteryRadius

Flexor carpi ulnaris (retracted)

Tendon ofbicepsbrachii

Brachioradialis(retracted)

MEDIALLATERAL

Anterior view, middle layer

Figure 11-17b Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Supinator

Anterior view, deepest layer

BrachialisCut tendons offlexor digitorumsuperficialis

Pronatorquadratus

Figure 11-17c Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Posterior view, middle layer

Anconeus

Muscles ThatExtend the FingersExtensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Abductor pollicis longus

Tendon of extensorpollicis longus

LATERALMEDIAL

Figure 11-17d Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Anconeus

Supinator

Muscles That Movethe ThumbAbductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis longus

Radius

Tendon of extensordigitorum (cut)

Posterior view, deepest layer

Tendon of extensordigiti minimi (cut)

Extensor indicis

• Tendon Sheaths

• Extensor retinaculum

• Wide band of connective tissue

• Posterior surface of wrist

• Stabilizes tendons of extensor muscles

Figure 11-18b Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Tendonsof extensordigitorum

Tendon of extensordigiti minimi

Tendon of extensorcarpi ulnaris

Extensor retinaculum

Right hand, posterior view

Tendon of extensorcarpi radialis brevis

Tendon of extensorcarpi radialis longus

Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis

Tendon of extensor pollicis longus

Abductor digiti minimi

First dorsal interosseus muscle

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Tendon of extensor indicis

• Tendon Sheaths

• Flexor retinaculum

• Anterior surface of wrist

• Stabilizes tendons of flexor muscles

Figure 11-18a Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Synovial sheaths

Intrinsic Musclesof the Hand

Lumbricals

Palmar interosseus

First dorsal interosseus

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Opponens digiti minimi

Palmaris brevis (cut)

Flexor retinaculum

Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Right hand, anterior (palmar)view

Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

Tendons of flexor digitorum

Tendon of flexor pollicis longus

Intrinsic Musclesof the Thumb

Adductor pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Tendon of palmaris longus

Tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Table 11-14 Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers (Figure 11–17)

• The Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

• Muscles that move the metacarpals and phalanges

• And originate and insert only on those bones

Figure 11-18a Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Synovial sheaths

Intrinsic Musclesof the Hand

Lumbricals

Palmar interosseus

First dorsal interosseus

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Opponens digiti minimi

Palmaris brevis (cut)

Flexor retinaculum

Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Right hand, anterior (palmar)view

Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

Tendons of flexor digitorum

Tendon of flexor pollicis longus

Intrinsic Musclesof the Thumb

Adductor pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Tendon of palmaris longus

Tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Figure 11-18b Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Tendonsof extensordigitorum

Tendon of extensordigiti minimi

Tendon of extensorcarpi ulnaris

Extensor retinaculum

Right hand, posterior view

Tendon of extensorcarpi radialis brevis

Tendon of extensorcarpi radialis longus

Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis

Tendon of extensor pollicis longus

First dorsal interosseus muscle

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Tendon of extensor indicis

Table 11-15 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Figure 11–18)

Myology part 2. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor...

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