Myology part 2. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor Superficial Dissections Ischiocavernosus Bulbospongiosus Vagina

Myology part 2Myology part 2Myology part 2Myology part 2

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

Superficial Dissections

Ischiocavernosus

Bulbospongiosus

Vagina

Superficialtransverse perineal

Anus

Gluteus maximus

Female


Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

Urethra

Urogenital Diaphragm

External urethral sphincter

Deep transverse perineal

Central tendon of perineum

Pelvic Diaphragm

Levatorani

Pubococcygeus

Iliococcygeus

External anal sphincter

Coccygeus

Sacrotuberous ligament

Female

Deep Dissections


Figure 11-12b Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

Male

Testis

Urethra (connectingsegment removed)

Ischiocavernosus

Bulbospongiosus

Superficialtransverse perineal

Anus

Gluteus maximus

Superficial Dissections


Figure 11-12b Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

Urogenital Diaphragm

Pelvic Diaphragm

UROGENITALTRIANGLE OFPERINEUM

Iliococcygeus

External urethral sphincter

Deep transverse perineal

Central tendon of perineum

Levatorani

Pubococcygeus

External anal sphincter

Coccygeus

Sacrotuberous ligament

ANALTRIANGLEMale

Deep Dissections


Table 11-10 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor (Figure 11–12)


Table 11-10 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor (Figure 11–12)


11-6 Appendicular Musculature

• Appendicular Muscles

• Position and stabilize pectoral and pelvic girdles

• Move upper and lower limbs

• Two divisions of appendicular muscles

1. Muscles of the shoulders and upper limbs

2. Muscles of the pelvis and lower limbs


Figure 11-13a An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk

Deltoid

Superficial Dissection

Axial Muscles

Platysma

Appendicular Muscles

Pectoralis major

Latissimus dorsi

Serratus anterior

ATLAS: Plates25; 39b

Anterior view



Deep Dissection

Axial Muscles


Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Subclavius

Deltoid (cutand reflected)

Pectoralis minor

Subscapularis

Pectoralis major(cut and reflected)

Coracobrachialis

Biceps brachii

Teres major

Serratus anterior


Anterior view




Anterior view

Axial Muscles


External oblique

Rectus sheath

Tensor fasciae latae

Superficial inguinal ring

Sartorius

Rectus femoris





Anterior view

Axial Muscles


External intercostal

Internal intercostal

Internal oblique (cut)

External oblique(cut and reflected)

Rectus abdominis

Transversus abdominis

Gluteus medius

Iliopsoas

Pectineus

Adductor longus

Gracilis

Deep Dissection


Figure 11-13b An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk


Axial Muscles


Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Deltoid

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Teres major

Tricepsbrachii

ATLAS: Plate 40a,bPosterior view




Deep Dissection

Axial Muscles


Semispinalis capitis

Splenius capitis

Levator scapulae

Supraspinatus

Rhomboid minor

Rhomboid major




Latissimus dorsi

Thoracolumbarfascia

Iliac crest

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus






Deep Dissection

Erector spinaemuscle group

External oblique

Axial Muscles



• Muscles of the Shoulders and Upper Limbs

• Four groups

1.Muscles that position the pectoral girdle

2.Muscles that move the arm

3.Muscles that move the forearm and hand

4.Muscles that move the hand and fingers



• Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

• Trapezius

• Superficial

• Covers back and neck to base of skull

• Inserts on clavicles and scapular spines


Figure 11-14a Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

Muscles That Positionthe Pectoral Girdle

Trapezius

Levator scapulae

Subclavius

Pectoralis minor


Internal intercostals

External intercostals

T12

Anterior viewATLAS: Plates 39a-d; 40a–b


Figure 11-14b Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle


Trapezius


Posterior viewATLAS: Plates 27b; 40a–b




• Rhomboid and levator scapulae

• Deep to trapezius

• Attach to cervical and thoracic vertebrae

• Insert on scapular border


Figure 11-14b Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle


Deep Dissection

Levator scapulae

Rhomboid minor

Rhomboid majorScapula

Serratus anterior

Tricepsbrachii

T12 vertebra

Posterior viewATLAS: Plates 27b; 40a–b




• Serratus anterior

• On the chest

• Originates along ribs

• Inserts on anterior scapular margin




• Subclavius

• Originates on ribs

• Inserts on clavicle

• Pectoralis minor

• Attaches to scapula




Trapezius

Levator scapulae

Subclavius

Pectoralis minor


Internal intercostals

External intercostals

T12





T12


Pectoralis minor(cut)

Serratus anterior

Biceps brachii, short head

Biceps brachii, long head


Table 11-11 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle (Figures 11–13, 11–14)



A&P FLIX Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (a)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (b)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle (c)



• Muscles That Move the Arm

• Deltoid

• The major abductor

• Supraspinatus

• Assists deltoid


Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm


Muscles ThatMove the Arm

Deltoid

Sternum

Clavicle

Pectoralis major

Anterior view


Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm



Posterior view

Supraspinatus

Deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

Thoracolumbarfascia

Vertebra T1




• Subscapularis and teres major

• Produce medial rotation at shoulder



Deep Dissection


Ribs (cut)

Subscapularis

Coracobrachialis

Teres major

Biceps brachii,short head

Biceps brachii,long head

Vertebra T12

Anterior view




• Infraspinatus and teres minor

• Produce lateral rotation at shoulder

• Coracobrachialis

• Attaches to scapula

• Produces flexion and adduction at shoulder



Deep Dissection


Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Teres major

Triceps brachii,long head

Triceps brachii,lateral head

Posterior view



Deep Dissection


Ribs (cut)

Subscapularis

Coracobrachialis

Teres major



Vertebra T12

Anterior view




• Pectoralis major

• Between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus

• Produces flexion at shoulder joint

• Latissimus dorsi

• Between thoracic vertebrae and humerus

• Produces extension at shoulder joint





Deltoid

Sternum

Clavicle

Pectoralis major

Anterior view





Posterior view

Supraspinatus

Deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

Thoracolumbarfascia

Vertebra T1



• The Rotator Cuff

• Muscles involved in shoulder rotation

• Supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and

their tendons



Deep Dissection


Ribs (cut)

Subscapularis

Coracobrachialis

Teres major



Vertebra T12

Anterior view



Deep Dissection


Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Teres major



Posterior view


Table 11-12 Muscles That Move the Arm (Figures 11–13 to 11–15)



A&P FLIX Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Overview (a)

A&P FLIX Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Overview (b)



• Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand

• Originate on humerus and insert on forearm

• Exceptions:

• The major flexor (biceps brachii)

• The major extensor (triceps brachii)




• Extensors

• Mainly on posterior and lateral surfaces of arm

• Flexors

• Mainly on anterior and medial surfaces



• Flexors of the Elbow

• Biceps brachii

• Flexes elbow

• Stabilizes shoulder joint

• Originates on scapula

• Inserts on radial tuberosity

• Brachialis and brachioradialis


Figure 11-16b Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand

Coracoid processof scapula

Humerus

Coracobrachialis

Biceps brachii,short headBiceps brachii,long head


Triceps brachii,medial head

Brachialis

Medial epicondyleof humerus

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Pronator quadratus

Flexor retinaculum

Anterior view, superficial layer



• Extensors of the Elbow

• Triceps brachii

• Extends elbow

• Originates on scapula

• Inserts on olecranon

• Anconeus

• Opposes brachialis


Figure 11-16a Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand



Brachioradialis

Olecranon of ulna

AnconeusExtensor carpiradialis longus

Flexor carpiulnaris

Extensorcarpi ulnaris

Extensordigitorum

Ulna

Extensorretinaculum

Extensor carpiradialis brevis

Abductor pollicislongusExtensor pollicisbrevis

Posterior view, superficial layer


Table 11-13 Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand (Figure 11–16)



A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (a)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (b)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (c)



• Flexors of the Wrist

• Palmaris longus• Superficial, flexes wrist

• Flexor carpi ulnaris• Superficial, flexes wrist, adducts wrist

• Flexor carpi radialis • Superficial, flexes wrist, abducts wrist




Humerus

Coracobrachialis




Brachialis


Pronator teres

Brachioradialis


Palmaris longus



Pronator quadratus

Flexor retinaculum




• Extensors of the Wrist

• Extensor carpi radialis

• Superficial, extends wrist, abducts wrist

• Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Superficial, extends wrist, adducts wrist


Figure 11-16a Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand



Brachioradialis

Olecranon of ulna

AnconeusExtensor carpiradialis longus

Flexor carpiulnaris

Extensorcarpi ulnaris

Extensordigitorum

Ulna

Extensorretinaculum

Extensor carpiradialis brevis

Abductor pollicislongusExtensor pollicisbrevis

Posterior view, superficial layer






• Pronation and supination

• Pronator teres and supinator

• Originate on humerus and ulna

• Rotate radius

• Pronator quadratus

• Originates on ulna

• Assists pronator teres



A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (a)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (b)

A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (c)




Humerus

Coracobrachialis




Brachialis


Pronator teres

Brachioradialis


Palmaris longus



Pronator quadratus

Flexor retinaculum



Figure 11-17b Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Supinator

Muscles That Flex theFingers and Thumb

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexor digitorum profundus

Anterior view, deepest layer

BrachialisCut tendons offlexor digitorumsuperficialis

Pronatorquadratus


Figure 11-17d Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Anconeus

Supinator

Muscles That Movethe ThumbAbductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Radius

Tendon of extensordigitorum (cut)

Posterior view, deepest layer

Tendon of extensordigiti minimi (cut)

Ulna

Extensor indicis





• Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

• Also called extrinsic muscles of the hand

• Lie entirely within forearm

• Only tendons cross wrist (in synovial tendon sheaths)


Figure 11-17a Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Median nervePronator teres (cut)Brachial arteryRadius

Flexor carpi ulnaris (retracted)





Tendon ofbicepsbrachii

Brachioradialis(retracted)

MEDIALLATERAL

Anterior view, middle layer


Figure 11-17b Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Supinator




Anterior view, deepest layer

BrachialisCut tendons offlexor digitorumsuperficialis

Pronatorquadratus


Figure 11-17c Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Posterior view, middle layer

Anconeus

Muscles ThatExtend the FingersExtensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Abductor pollicis longus


Tendon of extensorpollicis longus

LATERALMEDIAL


Figure 11-17d Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers

Anconeus

Supinator

Muscles That Movethe ThumbAbductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis longus


Radius

Tendon of extensordigitorum (cut)

Posterior view, deepest layer

Tendon of extensordigiti minimi (cut)

Ulna

Extensor indicis



• Tendon Sheaths

• Extensor retinaculum

• Wide band of connective tissue

• Posterior surface of wrist

• Stabilizes tendons of extensor muscles


Figure 11-18b Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Tendonsof extensordigitorum

Tendon of extensordigiti minimi

Tendon of extensorcarpi ulnaris

Extensor retinaculum

Right hand, posterior view

Tendon of extensorcarpi radialis brevis

Tendon of extensorcarpi radialis longus

Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis

Tendon of extensor pollicis longus

Abductor digiti minimi

First dorsal interosseus muscle

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Tendon of extensor indicis



• Tendon Sheaths

• Flexor retinaculum

• Anterior surface of wrist

• Stabilizes tendons of flexor muscles


Figure 11-18a Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Synovial sheaths

Intrinsic Musclesof the Hand

Lumbricals

Palmar interosseus

First dorsal interosseus


Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Opponens digiti minimi

Palmaris brevis (cut)

Flexor retinaculum

Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Right hand, anterior (palmar)view

Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

Tendons of flexor digitorum

Tendon of flexor pollicis longus

Intrinsic Musclesof the Thumb

Adductor pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Tendon of palmaris longus

Tendon of flexor carpi radialis


Table 11-14 Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers (Figure 11–17)



• The Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

• Muscles that move the metacarpals and phalanges

• And originate and insert only on those bones


Figure 11-18a Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Synovial sheaths

Intrinsic Musclesof the Hand

Lumbricals

Palmar interosseus

First dorsal interosseus


Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Opponens digiti minimi

Palmaris brevis (cut)

Flexor retinaculum

Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Right hand, anterior (palmar)view

Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

Tendons of flexor digitorum

Tendon of flexor pollicis longus

Intrinsic Musclesof the Thumb

Adductor pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Tendon of palmaris longus

Tendon of flexor carpi radialis


Figure 11-18b Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Tendonsof extensordigitorum

Tendon of extensordigiti minimi

Tendon of extensorcarpi ulnaris

Extensor retinaculum

Right hand, posterior view

Tendon of extensorcarpi radialis brevis

Tendon of extensorcarpi radialis longus

Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis

Tendon of extensor pollicis longus


First dorsal interosseus muscle

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Tendon of extensor indicis


Table 11-15 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Figure 11–18)

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Myology part 2. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11-12a Muscles of the Pelvic Floor Superficial Dissections Ischiocavernosus Bulbospongiosus Vagina