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MotivationMotivation
THE TIMES 100
THE TIMES 100
What is motivation?What is motivation?
Motivation is concerned with the desire to do something or achieve a particular result.
Motivated employees result in:Greater productivityBetter quality products or serviceLower staff turnoverReduced absenteeism
THE TIMES 100
Monetary methods of motivationMonetary methods of motivation
Fringe benefits
Examples include company cars and discount vouchers. May not encourage greater productivity but often build company loyalty.
Bonuses A payment usually related to the achievement of a target. Usually easier to apply to sales or production than the provision of a service.
Profit share
Employees are encouraged to work hard to ensure that the business is profitable, however, it is usually spread evenly between both hardworking and less hardworking staff.
THE TIMES 100
Monetary methods of motivationMonetary methods of motivationCommission Payments are made in relation to the number or
value of sales made. Encourages increased sales but may lead to heavy handed selling techniques.
Piece rate Payments are made per item produced. Encourages productivity but sometimes at the expense of quality.
Overtime Additional payment made for extra hours worked. Can provide greater flexibility to the workforce but may result in low productivity during normal working hours so employees can access overtime payments.
THE TIMES 100
Non-monetary methods of Non-monetary methods of motivationmotivation
Job rotation Employees move between different jobs e.g. on a production line. Results in flexible, multi-skilled staff but ultimately workers may just be moving from one boring job to another.
Job enlargement
Workers are given a wider variety of different tasks to carry out although there is no increase in the level of responsibility. This is sometimes called horizontal loading.
Job enrichment Giving employees the chance to fully utilise their abilities through, for example, providing a range of challenges, training workers and allowing them to demonstrate their skills.
THE TIMES 100
Non-monetary methods of Non-monetary methods of motivationmotivationEmpowerment Allowing workers greater autonomy. They have
greater freedom and power to control their own working lives.
Team-working Involves organising workers into groups, setting team goals and awarding team rewards for achieving targets. Team-working fits with Mayo’s findings.
Participation Employees participate in organisational decision making through such things as quality circles and works councils.
THE TIMES 100
Motivational theoristsMotivational theorists
It is useful to know 2 or 3 motivational theories from the following list:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needsTaylor’s theory of scientific managementMayo’s theory of human relationsHerzberg’s two-factor theory
THE TIMES 100
MaslowMaslow Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs• The hierarchy starts with our basic physiological needs for survival. •As each need is met, the next need up the hierarchy becomes the motivator.•Workplaces can meet these needs e.g. pay provides the means to satisfy basic needs whereas training can provide for self-actualisation.•One criticism of Maslow’s hierarchy is that workers may not seek to have all their needs met in the workplace.
THE TIMES 100
MayoMayo
Mayo’s Theory of Human Relations Mayo’s experiments showed that:
◦ Teamwork is an important motivator. ◦ Managers should take an interest in
their workers He suggested that physical conditions
and pay matter less than social interaction when motivating employees
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HerzbergHerzbergHerzberg’s Two-factor Theory•Motivators are factors that can motivate workers by providing job satisfaction.•Motivators are concerned with the job itself and include achievement, recognition and the responsibility•Hygiene factors are external to the job itself and can only cause dissatisfaction if not fulfilled.•Hygiene factors include company policy, supervision, pay and working conditions.
THE TIMES 100
TaylorTaylorTaylor’s Theory of Scientific
Management Taylor suggested that workers are only
motivated by pay. Scientific management also states that
the most efficient way to carry out a task should be identified and then carried out – giving rise to production assembly lines.
Taylor supported close supervision and pay schemes that reward those that produce more.
THE TIMES 100
Motivation in contextMotivation in context
THE TIMES 100
Importance of motivationImportance of motivation
Why is a motivated workforce important for organisations like Tesco?
Use the Tesco case study to help you
THE TIMES 100
Taylor and TescoTaylor and Tesco
Taylor suggested that workers are only motivated by money. Which of the following, provided by Tesco, are considered to be financial rewards?
Christmas vouchersTrainingPension schemeFree shares after one year’s servicePositive feedback
THE TIMES 100
Maslow and TescoMaslow and Tesco
Use the Tesco case study to give examples of how Tesco can help fulfil the different needs in Maslow’s hierarchy.
THE TIMES 100
Herzberg and TescoHerzberg and Tesco
Use the Tesco case study to find examples of Herzberg’s ‘motivators’ that are provided by the organisation.
THE TIMES 100
Useful resourcesUseful resources
Motivation lesson suggestions and activities (The Times 100)
Tesco case study (The Times 100)Tesco website
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