Molecules of Life. Glucose : Galactose Fructose

Molecules of Life

Glucose:

Galactose

Fructose

Carbohydrates are made ofSugars

• A sugar made of one unit is called a:

Monosaccharide

Examples:

Glucose – often called blood sugar

Fructose – sugar from fruit

Galactose – sugar found in milk

Dextrose

Disaccharides

• These sugars are made up of two

sugar units (2 Monosaccarides)

Example:

Sucrose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose

Lactose (milk sugar) = glucose + galactose

Maltose (malt sugar) = glucose + glucose

Sucrose

Polysaccharides

• These sugars are made up of multiplenumbers of monosaccharide bonded together.

Examples:StarchCelluloseGlycogen

Starch

Polysaccharides

Cellulose

Glycogen

FatsLipids

Triglycerides

1 Glycerol

+

3 Fatty Acids

Triglycerides

• are fats that contain, in varying proportions, three groups of fatty acids –

• Saturated,

• Polyunsaturated

• Monounsaturated.

Saturated Fats

• are the only fatty acids that raise blood cholesterol levels.

• Butter

• Margarine

• Fats in meat and dairy products

Monounsaturated Fats

• do not raise blood cholesterol levels.

(are made from plants)

• Canola

• olive oil

• other cooking oils.

• Steroids as Fats

• The main feature, as in all lipids, is the large number of carbon-hydrogens which make steroids non-polar.

• Steroids include such well known compounds as cholesterol, sex hormones, birth control pills, cortisone, and anabolic steroids

Cholesterol

• is an essential fat made by the liver.

• Many people get additional cholesterol by eating meat and dairy products.

• Too much dietary intake may raise blood cholesterol levels, and lead to heart disease.

Steroids

• Estrogen Testosterone

Cell Membrane

Proteins

Amino Acid Basic Structure

Alanine

Glycine

Alanine Glycine

Proteins

- Are made up of chains of amino acids(AA)

(C H O N and S)

- There are 20 amino acids your body uses to make necessary proteins

- The amino acids your body does not create (biosynthesize) you get thru your diet.

Function of Proteins….

• Enzymatic Catalyst• Transport Molecules• Storage Molecules• Locomotion (muscles)• Mechanical Support (skin, hair, bone)• Vision• Antibody responses

All Amino Acids contain….

• One Central Carbon Atom (-C-)• One Carboxyl group (-COOH)• One Amine group (-NH2)

And

•An R Group?

Myoglobin-globular

Collagen-fibrous

Trans Fat

• stays solid at room temperature.

• used in fast foods, fried foods and/or commercially processed food because ...

• enhances the food flavor, taste and texture.

• increases the shelf life of the food products

• Primary

• Secondary

• Tertiary

• Quatranary

Titin-27k aa

BioChem Quiz

• Why is Water Important Reading

• What is water all about Notes

• CFP Packet

• Notes on Fats/ CArbos and Proteins

(Note book Notes)

Quiz A

Figure 1

H--O—H

Figure 2

Quiz B

• Fig. #1

• Fig. #2

2000 65g 20g 300mg 2400g

300g

25g x 50g