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Avogadro’s Principle
- equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure, contain equal numbers of particles
- molar volume – 1 mole of any gas at STP occupies 22.4 L
STP – standard temperature pressure is:
0.00 ºC
1.0 atm of pressure
1 mole 22.4 L
22.4 L 1 mole
* Conversion factors for relating moles to volume
OR
Molarity (M)
the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution
M = moles of solute
L of solution
Measure mass of solute
(convert it to moles)
Use a volumetric flask to bring it to 1.0 L of solution
Percent Composition
- percent by mass of any element in a compound
mass of element x 100 = percent composition
mass of compound
What is the percent composition of water?
H2O
% H = 2.016 g H X 100 = 11.2 % H
18.016 g H2O
% O = 15.99 g 0 X 100 = 88.8 % O
18.016 g H2O
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