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Michelle Tolentino
2F-Pharmacy
PHYANA LAB
TerminologiesandBodyPlan:
Directional Terms-describe parts of thebody relative to each other.
Body Parts and regions Planes-imaginary lines use to locate
sections of the body and observe body
structure.
Body Cavities Serous Membranes-cover the cavities.DIRECTIONALTERMS:
Right LeftInferior Superior
Anterior Posterior
Dorsal Ventral
Proximal Distal
Lateral Medial
Superficial Deep
Epsilateral Contralateral
Cephalic Caudal
1. The head is superior to the neck.2. The sternum is anterior to the vertebral
column.
3. The thumb is lateral to the fingers.4. The right lung and right kidney are
ipsilateral.
5. The skin is superficial to the bones.6. The scapula is posterior to the clavicle.7. The wrist is inferior to the radius.8. The ears are lateral to the nose.9. Muscles are deep to the skin.10.The right arm and the left arm
contralateral.
Supine-when lying face upward.
Pronation-when lying face downward.
Body Parts and Regions:
UPPER LIMB:
a.) Arm-shoulders to elbowb.) Forearm-elbow to wrist
LOWER LIMB:
a.) Thigh- hip to kneeb.) Leg-knee to ankle
Central Region of the Body:
a.)Head
b.)Neck
c.)Trunk
Thorax(chest) Abdomen(bet. Thorax and
pelvis)
Pelvis(end of trunkassociated in hips)
ANTERIOR:
Cephalic:
Frontal(forehead) Orbital(eyes) Nasal(nose) Oral(mouth) Otic(ears) Buccal(cheek) Mental(chin) Cervical(neck) Clavicular(collar bone)
Trunk:
Thoracic-Pectoral(chest)
-Sternal(breastbone)
-Mammary(breast)
Abdominal(abdomen) Umbilical(navel) Pelvic(pelvis) Inguinal(groin) Pubic(genital)
Upper Limb:
Axilliary(arm pit) Brachial(arm) Antecubital(front of elbow) Antebrachial (forearm) Carpal(wrist) Palmar(palm) Digital(fingers)
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Lower Limb:
Coxal(hip) Femoral(thigh) Patellar(kneecap) Crural(leg)
Pedal: Talus(ankle) Dorsum(top of foot) Digital(toes)
Posterior:
Cranial(skull)
Occipital(base of skull)
Nuchal(back of neck)
Scapular(Shoulder blade)
Acromial(point of shoulder)
Upper Limb:
Olecranon(point of elbow)
Dorsum(back of hand)
Lower Limb:
Popliteal(hollow behind knee)
TRUNK:
Vertebral(spinal column)
Lumbar(loin)
Sacral(between hip)Gluteal(buttock)
Perineal(perineum)
PLANES:
1.) Sagittal: runs vertically through thebody and separates from rightand left.
Midsagittal: divides body intoequal halves.
Parasagittal-not to thecenter.Anything that is parallel.
2.)Frontal(Coronal):runs vertically fromright to left and divides body into anteriorand
posteriorparts.
3.)Transverse(Horizontal)-runs parallel to
the surface of the ground and divides the body
into superiorand inferiorparts.
4.)Oblique-for cutting specific organ.cut
made across the long axis other than right
angle.
5.)Longitudinal-a cut through long axis of
organ.
6.)Cross/transverse-rightangle to the long
axis.
BODY CAVITIES:
1.)DorsalCavity-
Cranial Spinal Column
2.)VentralCavity-
Thoracic: Mediastinum(center-portions of
esophagus and trachea,divides thoracic
cavity.)
Abdominopelvic-inferior to thediaphragm.(abdominal and pelvic
cavity)
SerousMembranes: Pleural(lungs) Pericardial(heart) Peritoneal(organs of
abdominopelvic)
Visceral Serous Membrane -visceral pericardium -visceral pleura -visceral peritoneum
ParietalSet:-parietal pericardium
-parietal pleura
-parietal peritoneum
Retroperitoneal:do not havemesenteries.
*Mesenteries-consist of two layers of
peritoneum fused together,anchors organ to
the body wall,provides pathway to nerve and
blood vessel to reach organs.
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