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Michelle Tolentino

2F-Pharmacy

PHYANA LAB

TerminologiesandBodyPlan:

Directional Terms-describe parts of thebody relative to each other.

Body Parts and regions Planes-imaginary lines use to locate

sections of the body and observe body

structure.

Body Cavities Serous Membranes-cover the cavities.DIRECTIONALTERMS:

Right LeftInferior Superior

Anterior Posterior

Dorsal Ventral

Proximal Distal

Lateral Medial

Superficial Deep

Epsilateral Contralateral

Cephalic Caudal

1. The head is superior to the neck.2. The sternum is anterior to the vertebral

column.

3. The thumb is lateral to the fingers.4. The right lung and right kidney are

ipsilateral.

5. The skin is superficial to the bones.6. The scapula is posterior to the clavicle.7. The wrist is inferior to the radius.8. The ears are lateral to the nose.9. Muscles are deep to the skin.10.The right arm and the left arm

contralateral.

Supine-when lying face upward.

Pronation-when lying face downward.

Body Parts and Regions:

UPPER LIMB:

a.) Arm-shoulders to elbowb.) Forearm-elbow to wrist

LOWER LIMB:

a.) Thigh- hip to kneeb.) Leg-knee to ankle

Central Region of the Body:

a.)Head

b.)Neck

c.)Trunk

Thorax(chest) Abdomen(bet. Thorax and

pelvis)

Pelvis(end of trunkassociated in hips)

ANTERIOR:

Cephalic:

Frontal(forehead) Orbital(eyes) Nasal(nose) Oral(mouth) Otic(ears) Buccal(cheek) Mental(chin) Cervical(neck) Clavicular(collar bone)

Trunk:

Thoracic-Pectoral(chest)

-Sternal(breastbone)

-Mammary(breast)

Abdominal(abdomen) Umbilical(navel) Pelvic(pelvis) Inguinal(groin) Pubic(genital)

Upper Limb:

Axilliary(arm pit) Brachial(arm) Antecubital(front of elbow) Antebrachial (forearm) Carpal(wrist) Palmar(palm) Digital(fingers)

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Lower Limb:

Coxal(hip) Femoral(thigh) Patellar(kneecap) Crural(leg)

Pedal: Talus(ankle) Dorsum(top of foot) Digital(toes)

Posterior:

Cranial(skull)

Occipital(base of skull)

Nuchal(back of neck)

Scapular(Shoulder blade)

Acromial(point of shoulder)

Upper Limb:

Olecranon(point of elbow)

Dorsum(back of hand)

Lower Limb:

Popliteal(hollow behind knee)

TRUNK:

Vertebral(spinal column)

Lumbar(loin)

Sacral(between hip)Gluteal(buttock)

Perineal(perineum)

PLANES:

1.) Sagittal: runs vertically through thebody and separates from rightand left.

Midsagittal: divides body intoequal halves.

Parasagittal-not to thecenter.Anything that is parallel.

2.)Frontal(Coronal):runs vertically fromright to left and divides body into anteriorand

posteriorparts.

3.)Transverse(Horizontal)-runs parallel to

the surface of the ground and divides the body

into superiorand inferiorparts.

4.)Oblique-for cutting specific organ.cut

made across the long axis other than right

angle.

5.)Longitudinal-a cut through long axis of

organ.

6.)Cross/transverse-rightangle to the long

axis.

BODY CAVITIES:

1.)DorsalCavity-

Cranial Spinal Column

2.)VentralCavity-

Thoracic: Mediastinum(center-portions of

esophagus and trachea,divides thoracic

cavity.)

Abdominopelvic-inferior to thediaphragm.(abdominal and pelvic

cavity)

SerousMembranes: Pleural(lungs) Pericardial(heart) Peritoneal(organs of

abdominopelvic)

Visceral Serous Membrane -visceral pericardium -visceral pleura -visceral peritoneum

ParietalSet:-parietal pericardium

-parietal pleura

-parietal peritoneum

Retroperitoneal:do not havemesenteries.

*Mesenteries-consist of two layers of

peritoneum fused together,anchors organ to

the body wall,provides pathway to nerve and

blood vessel to reach organs.