Mitochondria

Mitochondria Rod- shaped Two membrane: Outer membrane Inner membraneThe latter is greatly folded with stalked particles.Inner membrane encloses a fluid-filled matrix.can be found a few circular strandsof !"#$%&' ribosomes and en(ymes used in )rebs cycle*.#bundant in cells which aremetabolically acti+e.,x:skeletal muscle cells$ spermato(oa$li+er and pancreatic cell.* 'ites of cellular aerobic respiration. The matrix contains en(ymes of the )rebs -ycle. The highly folded cristaeincrease the surface areafor the electron transportchain reaction.The energy released is harnessed in the synthesis of #T. use by energy-consuming acti+ities of the cell. !"# in the mitochondria enables the mitochondria to replicate during cell di+ision.-hloroplast /arge plastids found only inthe photosynthetic tissues ofplant cell.These are the double-membrane bound organelles.0as a system of membranous flattened sacsthylakoids* stacked to form granawhere chlorophyll is located*.Intergranal lamella connectsone thylakoid of a granum to another granum. The fluid outside the thylakoid site of photosynthesis Itgrana 1 thylakoid membrane* pro+ides large surface area for chlorophyll 1 accessory pigments to be located 2 traps light energy 1 carry out production of #T. 1 "#!.0 stroma 2 has en(ymes tocarry out light-independent reaction-al+in cycle* forming high energy organic molecules such as 3 sugar moleculesis the stroma-entriole 4ound in animal cell only./ocated outside of nucleus.aired cylinders with a 56& pattern of microtubular triplets. #ct as organisers of microtubules spindle fibres in+ol+ed in the separation of chromosomes or chromatids during cell di+ision. !i+ide to produce basal bodies from which flagella and cilia de+elop.some cell*Microtubules 0ollow tube-ontains two types of globular proteins$alpha and beta tubulin.-ontinually polymerising and depolymerisingcause changes in the length of microtubules 7i+e shape1mechanicalsupport to the cell. 'er+e as tracks for intracellular mo+ement of organelles or +esicles. Main component of ciliaand flagella in the cell motility. -omponent of spindle fibres in+ol+ed in separation of chromosomes during cell di+ision. Role in cell wall formation.Microfilaments /ong$ thin$ contractile rods8-% nm in diameter* that appear to be responsible for the mo+ement of cells both external and internal mo+ement*.Microfilament consists of two intertwined strands of actin-omposed of one9two typesof protein-actinfound in skeletal muscles as thin filaments* 1 myosinfound in skeletal muscles as thick filaments* -omponent of cytoskeleton 7i+e shape1support to the cell. Role in cellular mo+ements #ctin and myosin filament are needed for muscle constraction. -onstriction of filamentscauses clea+age and furrow formation in cytokinesis of animal cell