Miis

Aquaculture/Shrimp Farming

Its meaning, Impact on Surrounding Ecosystems, Pitfalls and Models

Ariel Zajdband

MIISDecember 3 2012

aquaculture

Costa-Pierce 2006

Tomb of Thebaine (Egypt)

World capture fisheries and aquaculture production

FAO 2012

Distribution of aquaculture production

World Fish Center 2011

Shrimp aquaculture production

Shrimp imports

Conventional shrimp farm

Global mangrove distribution

Siikamäki et al. 2012

Global mangrove distribution

Kuenzer et al. 2011

Giri et al. 2008

Mangrove deforestation in Ayeyarwady Delta, Burma

Giri et al. 2008

Causes of mangrove deforestation by country

Sundarbans, India and Bangladesh

Pichavaram, India

Pichavaram, India

Bahia de Jiquilisco, El Salvador

Bahia de Jiquilisco, El Salvador

environmental impacts

Carbon footprint per kg of protein

Nijdam et al. 2012

‘Fishmeal trap’

Tacon & Metian 2008

Tacon & Metian 2008

‘Fishmeal trap’

‘Fishmeal trap’

Ecosystem services

Adapted from MEA (2005)

Total economic value of mangrove ecosystem

Barbier (1991)

Long-term C sequestration

Mcleod et al 2011

Non-linear effects of mangrove cover

Barbier et al 2008

Protection against coastal disasters

Das and Vincent 2009

Shrimp farm effluents

Molnar et al. 2012

Shrimp farm effluents

Molnar et al. 2012

Sediment deposition around mangrove trees

Primavera et al 2011

Sediment deposition around mangrove trees

Primavera et al 2011

Bird numbers by season in four types of habitats

Zou et al 2006

Antibiotic concentrations in aquatic ecosystems

Thuy et al 2011

social impacts

Coping strategies for shrimp diseases

Mills et al 2011

Net emergy flows and trade between shrimp farmers inthe Sri Lankan coastal zone and the global North

Bergquist 2008

Bergquist 2008

proposed solutions (?)

Shrimp+red tilapia polyculture

Yuan et al 2010

Shrimp+red tilapia polyculture

Yuan et al 2010

closed recirculating systems

Klinger & Naylor 2012

Gebhardt et al. 2012

Integrated shrimp-mangrove systems

Gebhardt et al. 2012

Land use cover Ca Mau, Vietnam (2000-2010)

Land use cover Ca Mau, Vietnam (2010)

Gebhardt et al. 2012

Macrobrachium amazonicum (native species)

Macrobrachium amazonicum (native species)

food sovereignty(a new paradigm)

1. Focuses on Food for People2. Values Food Providers3. Localizes Food Systems4. Puts Control Locally5. Builds Knowledge and Skills.6. Works with Nature

food sovereignty(principles)

Misiones, Argentina

Cluster 2. Forestry-livestock-based farms

Cluster 1. Perennial crops-based farms

Cluster 3. Tobacco-based farms

WEA

LTH

+

-

In which kind of farm is aquaculture beingintroduced?

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Pro

du

ctio

n(k

g)

Area (m2)

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Production by farm cluster (n=45)

0 50 100 150 200

cluster 1

cluster 2

cluster 3

self-consumption (kg)

gift (kg)

sold (kg)

How is aquaculture contributing to income generation and fish supply for rural markets/self-consumption?

Destination of fish production (kg) x cluster

self-consumption (kg) gift (kg) sold (kg)

mean sd mean sd mean sd

cluster 1 93,10 17,43 11,19 8,05 67,62 76,35

cluster 2 77,00 15,85 22,00 10,85 82,50 104,86

cluster 3 72,14 16,84 8,57 7,70 31,61 106,85

Significative differences

0 100 200 300 400 500

1

2

3

self-consumption (kg)

gift (kg)

sold (kg)

n harvested

ponds self-consumption (kg) gift (kg) sold (kg) farms ponds

mean SD mean SD Mean SD

1 84,87 19,12 12,10 8,67 37,24 47,04 38 38

2 73 19,23 9 7,42 208 24,90 5 10

3 72,5 17,68 35 14,14 337,5 53,03 2 6

How is aquaculture contributing to income generation and fish supply for rural markets/self-consumption?

Destination of fish production (kg) x # ponds

Significative differences

Who is benefiting the most from aquaculturedevelopment?

Aquaculture development programs: segmentedor not?

How can we distribute fish so it can be accessedby the poor?

Some questions and challenges…

QUESTIONS?

anwers?

Thank you

Ariel Zajdbandariel.zajdband@gmail.com

and

HAPPY FESTIVUS!