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Mid-Columbia Coordinated Hydro Operations Model
John C. HowardCddHoward Consulting Ltd.(jchoward@cddhoward.com)
CEATI 2009
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 2
Plan for this talk• System of seven dams
• Objective and constraints for optimization
• Results for three study scenarios
• Excel optimization environment issues
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 3
Purpose and Scope of this Study
• Purpose
• Identify opportunities for revised coordination of river system operations
• Scope
• Cascade of seven hydro projects• Study Historical Scenarios with a range of
Hydrologic and System-Load Conditions• Uses an iterative QLP optimization
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 4
Columbia River Basin
Mid-Columbia
Canada
USA
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 5
Mid-Columbia System
Grand Coulee
Chief Joseph
Wells
Rocky Reach
Rock Island
Wanapum
Priest Rapids
TOTAL
FT MW KW/CFS
334 7,049 24.8
176 2,069 13.1
74 890 5.4
94 1,320 7.1
43 622 3.3
83 831 6.0
60 788 4.5
865 13,570 64.2
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 6
Grand Coulee 334 ft 7,049 MW 24.8 kW/CFS
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 7
Chief Joe 176 ft 2,069 MW 13.1 kW/CFS
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 8
Wells 74 ft 890 MW 5.4 kW/CFS
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 9
Rocky Reach 94 ft 1,320 MW 7.1 kW/CFS
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 10
Rock Island 43 ft 622 MW 3.3 kW/CFS
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 11
Wanapum 83 ft 831 MW 6.0 kW/CFS
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 12
Priest Rapids 60 ft 788 MW 4.5 kW/CFS
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 13
Hourly Optimization
• Maximize Energy-In-Storage at Last-Hour
• Meet Historical Hourly Load (± 5MW)
• Realistic Plant Operations, Wave Routing, Local Sideflows, Encroachments and Seasonal Discharge Constraints (Fish)
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 14
Plant Envelope
Plant Envelope
Model
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 15
WEL: 74ft @ 890MW
35 Miles
Transient Wave RoutingNormalized Impulse Response h(x,t) Above Wells
(Chief Joe to Wells Dam is 35 Miles)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240
Minutes
50%
Mid-Columbia River Routing
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Hours
Dis
ch
arg
e,
kcfs
Discharge from Chief Joe
Inflow at Wells
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 16
• Ungauged or Poorly Estimated
• Varies by 1% to 10% of Inflow(t)
• Preprocessed to balance mass
Irrigation Returnflows & Sideflows
Douglas County, WAGrant County, WA
WAN Elevation (Validation Mode)
565.0
566.0
567.0
568.0
569.0
570.0
571.0
572.0
31Aug06 0h 1Sep06 0h 2Sep06 0h 3Sep06 0h 4Sep06 0h 5Sep06 0h
Ele
vati
on
, ft
HistoricalAdjustedUnAdjusted
Local Inflow Adjustment Factor: 6.14617
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 17
EncroachmentGrant
County
WA
Rock
Island
Wanapum
• Significant Issue for most of the projects
• Encroachment Model• Function of DS elevation and
US discharge
• Example: Wanapum pool encroaches on Rock Island tailwater
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 18
Environmental Constraints
• 7ft Higher Pools on LaborDay Weekend
• 5ft Higher Pools on LaborDay Weekend
• Increased Min Flows in March and Oct-Nov
• Increases in Maximum River Stage in the Mid-Mornings of March and Oct-Nov
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 19
Coordinated Generation• Meet time varying load
• Move water to ‘right’ pool at ‘right’ time
• Operate plants consistent with Unit Commitment & Dispatch
• Meet constraints
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 20
Excel as a Modelling System
• Data Analysis and Verification
• Formula Coding
• Database Coding
• Spreadsheet Debugging
• Deployment
Easy
TrickyEasy
Difficult
Tricky
Basic Optimization
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 21
Model Validation
• Switch Model into ‘Simulation Mode’• Historical Discharges drive Model
• Results create ‘Basis for Comparison’• Historical vs Validation vs Optimized• Compare Model Generation and Pool
Levels to Measured data.
RIS Generation (Maximize Stored Energy)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
31Aug06 0h 1Sep06 0h 2Sep06 0h 3Sep06 0h 4Sep06 0h 5Sep06 0h
Ge
ne
rati
on
, M
Wh
ValidationHistoricalModel
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 22
Plant
Model Schematic and Modes7 Dam Cascade
Historical System Load
Optimize Mode
± 5 MW
Optimized Discharge
Δ
MW Validation
Historical Discharge
Validation Mode
Historical Plant MW Δ
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 23
• Tables for Project Configurations
• Date & Time Driven Tables for Operational Constraints
• Hourly-Data Worksheet for the Current Scenario
Data and ConfigurationProject ConfigurationsHourly DataHourly Constraints
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 24
Scenario and Optimization Control
• pic – toolbar
• pic – torn worksheet tabs, stacked
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 25
Evaluating Results• Actual Operations Contain
Inconsistent Data
• Validation is Replicable
• Validation is the Gold Standard
• Compare Model to Validation
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 26
Optimized Hourly Stored EnergyLoad (GW) and Optimization's Gain of Potential Energy above Validation (GW)
Scenario S1 (Recreational Holiday)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121Hours
Gai
n i
n P
ote
nti
al E
ner
gy
abo
ve V
alid
atio
n
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Lo
ad
GCL CHJ WEL RRH RIS WAN PRD TOTAL LOAD
Load (GW) and Optimization's Gain of Potential Energy above Validation (GW)Scenario S2 (Typical Summer Day)
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121Hours
Gai
n in
Po
ten
tial
En
erg
yA
bo
ve V
alid
atio
n
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Lo
ad
GCL CHJ WEL RRH RIS WAN PRD TOTAL LOAD
Load (GW) and Optimization's Gain of Potential Energy above Validation (GW)Scenario S5 (Extreme Winter Day)
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121Hours
Gai
n in
Pot
entia
l En
ergy
Abo
ve V
alid
atio
n
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Load
GCL CHJ WEL RRH RIS WAN PRD TOTAL LOAD
Load (GW) and Optimization's Gain of Potential Energy above Validation (GW)Scenario S9 (Fall Operations for Fish Spawning)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121Hours
Gai
n in
Pot
entia
l Ene
rgy
Abo
ve V
alid
atio
n
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Load
GCL CHJ WEL RRH RIS WAN PRD TOTAL LOAD
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 27
Summary
• 3.5% More System Energy in Sample Scenario
• Operations Dependant on Load Forecast
• Excel can be a good Open Platform
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 28
Thank You!
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 29
Optimized Hourly Pool Level ChangesChanges from Starting Elevation
-4.0
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109Hours
Fee
t
GCL CHJ WEL RRH RIS WAN
Scenario 1
CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 30
Optimized Generation ImprovementsChanges from Validation Generation
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 97 105 113 121Hours
MW
GCL CHJ WEL RRH RIS WAN PRD
Scenario 1
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