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CC2413FundamentalPsychology forHealth Studies
Lecture 7
Motivation (
/
)
& Emotion
Lecturer:
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DefinitionsMotivation
the processwhich starts, directs, and continued
behavior ( )
so that our physical or psychological needs and
wants are met
it makes our behavior more vigorousand energetic(
)
it changes ones preferences/choices( )
Emotion
feelings that generally have both physiological and
cognitive elements and that influence _____________
(
)
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Lesson Plan
(A) Motivational Concepts &Theories
(B) Motivation behind Hunger &Eating
(C) Emotional Experiences
(D) Emotional Theories(E) Conclusion
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1) Key concepts
Motives(
)
i.e., needs, wants, desires leading togoal-directed behavior
Biological vs. Social motives
________motivation (
) vs.Extrinsic motivation (
)
engage in the behavior as an endor as a mean (tool) to an end ?
(A) Motivational Concepts & Theories
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(A) The diversity of human motives
Source: p. 384, Weiten, W. (2004).
What are the differencesbetween these two types of
motives?
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(A) Motivational Concepts & Theories
2) Approaches to understanding motivation
a) Biological
Drive-Reduction theory ( )
b) Psychosocial
Incentive theories ( )
McClellands 3 Types of Needs
c) Humanistic
Maslows Hierarchy of needs ( )
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(A) Motivational Concepts & Theories
Need a requirement of some material that isessential for survival of the organism
Drive (
)i.e., an internal state of _________ or arousal
that energizes behavior in order to fulfill someneedsWhen people lack some basic biological
requirements such as water, a drive to obtainthat requirement (e.g., the thirst drive) isproduced.
Seeking homeostasis (
)The maintenance of an optimum level of
biological conditions within an organism
a state of equilibrium (
)
2a) Biological: Drive-Reduction Theory
(
)
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(A) Motivational Concepts & Theories
2b) Psychosocial: Incentive Theories (
) Incentives things that attractpeople into action
External stimuli directing and energizing behavior
e.g., food, money, approval from friends
Expectancy-value theories 2 factors
probability of success
incentive value
Comparison of Drivevs. Incentive Theories
Push vs._______ Biological (internal) vs._______________
(external)
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(A) Motivational Concepts & Theories
2b) Psychosocial: McClellands 3Types of NeedsNeed for achievement (_________):
Striving for Success (
/
)a need that involves a strong desire to
succeedin attaining goals
Need for affiliation(nAff): Striving forFriendship (
)the need for friendly social interactions
and relationshipswith others.
Need for power(_________): Strivingfor Impact on Others (
)the need to have controlor influence
over others.
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(A) Motivational Theories 2c) Humanistic: Maslows Hierarchy ofNeeds (
)
All people born with 5 innate needs
Low needs (levels 1,2,3, deficiency D -needs) must be met reasonably well beforemoving toward higher (levels 4,5 being B -needs )
Only________need will
dominate at a time
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2d) Humanistic: Maslows Hierarchy ofNeeds (
) individuals
progressupwardin thehierarchy whenlower needsare satisfiedreasonably well
higher levelsin the pyramid
representprogressivelyless basicneeds
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(B) Motivation Behind Hunger and Eating:Why do/dont we eat?
1) Biological factors
Insulin (
) & glucagons (
)
regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels
feeling of
hunger
the hypothalamus (
) ---> monitoring food
intake and maintaining the_____________________.
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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(B) Motivation Behind Hunger and Eating:
Why do/dont we eat?
2) Social factors
individual habits
cultural influences
What are the problems of too
motivated or too unmotivated to Eat?
Obesity (
), Eating disorders (
)
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(B) Why do/dont we eat?
X
( )2008 12 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
2007 5
4.8
12
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1) Elements of Emotional Experience
___________(
) component
Subjective conscious experience
Subjective feelings or appraisals ( )
_______________(
) component
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Hormonal responses
____________(
) component
Body language or nonverbal behavior
Facial expressions
Display rules determining when, where, how to express
(C) Emotional Experiences
Physiological
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(C) Emotional Experiences2) Emotional Experience vs. Emotional
Expression
Universal (innate ) VS. Culture-specific
(learned
)?
Can you identify emotions based on peoples facial
expressions?
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Can you distinguish the 7 Emotions basedon the following peoples facial expressions?
Answers from left:
Source: Metro Daily Oct 29, 2004 p.24
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(C) Emotional Experiences
3) Universal Emotions
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(D) Emotional Theories1) Common Sense Theory
Emotional sequence
stimulus conscious feeling autonomic (ANS)
arousal
e.g. snarling dog ( ) I feel afraid pulse raises
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(D) Emotional Theories2) James-Lange Theory (
-
)
Emotion results from perception of _________________
i.e., a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an
external situation
Emotional Sequence
stimulus autonomic (ANS) arousal conscious feeling
e.g., snarling dog pulse raises I feel afraid
autonomic arousal
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3) Cannon-Bard Theory (
-
)
Different emotions have identical patterns of
autonomic arousal
Thalamus sends signals simultaneously to the cortex
(creating __________ experience) & the autonomic
nervous system (creating ______________ response)
Emotional Sequence
stimulus
subcortical brain activity
conscious feeling
+ ANS arousal
e.g., snarling dog
thalamus send signals
I feel afraid
+ pulse raises
(D) Emotional Theories
physiological
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4) Schachters Two-Factor Theory
Look at ______________ cues to decide
what to feel
i.e., emotions are determined jointly by a
nonspecific kind of physiological arousal and its
interpretation based on environment cues
stimulus ANS arousal + cognitive appraisal
conscious feeling
e.g., snarling dog pulse raises + dangerous
situation
I feel afraid
(D) Emotional Theories
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5) Facial-feedback hypothesis
The notion that facial expressions are
involved in ____________ the experience
of emotions and in labeling them
Emotional Sequence
stimulus subcortical centers automatically
evoke facial expression facial muscles send
signal to the cortex conscious feeling
e.g. FeiFei smiles I feel happy
(D) Emotional Theories
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(D) Emotional Theories
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(D) Emotional Theories
Can you identify which theory of emotion this Yoga stressreduction technique reflects?
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(E) Conclusion
1) The interplay between emotion andmotivation?If you are intrinsicallymotivated to learn, would you
feel more positiveright now? or
If you are feeling during the classes, will you bemore motivatedto learn this subject?
2) Applications to Health and Wellness?
3) Focus of the Next TopicMemory(
)
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(E) Conclusion
4) References
***Ciccarelli, S. K., & White, J. N. (2009).Psychology(International edition, 2nd ed).Upper Saddle River, N.J. :Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Weiten, W. (2008). Motivation and emotion. In
Psychology: Themes and variations(Briefer version,
7th ed., pp. 272 279, 286 295, 302 -303). Belmont,CA: Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning.
*** Assigned Readings: Ch 9 Motivation: pp.356 378, Emotion: 378 393)
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(E) Conclusion
5) Web Resources1) Overview of Motivation Theories
http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/motivation/m
otivate.html
2) The Motivation Tool Chest
http://www.motivation-tools.com/
3) Mental Health Net - Eating Disorders
http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/center_index.php?i
d=46
4) Emotional Intelligence Network
http://www.6seconds.org/
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