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Major Depression
Jailene Canessa
Period 8
03/11/14
Etiology of Major Depression- Sociocultural
Sociocultural People putting you down
Social Statue
Social Environment
Etiology of Major Depression- Cognitive
Cognitive Traumatic Events
Bullying
Physical/Emotional Abuse
Etiology of Major Depression- Biological
Biological Genetic Predisposition
Serotonin Levels
Having a smaller amygdala
What is Major Depression?
Major Depression definedIt is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It
interferes with daily life, normal functioning, and causes pain for both the person with the disorder and those who care about him or her.
A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away. People with a depressive illness cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better.
How do we know?- Symptoms (According to DSM V)
Depressed mood
Loss of interest or pleasure
Significant weight loss or gain or change in appetite
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
Recurrent suicidal ideation
Video- Introduction to Major Depression
I had a black dog, his name was depression.avi
Can we prove it medically?
Of approx. 30 neurotransmitters which have been identified, researchers have discovered associations between clinical depression and the function of three major neurochemicals. These substances are serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Antidepressants influence the overall balance of these three neurotransmitters within structures of the brain.
They regulate:emotion, reactions to stress, and the physical drives of sleep,
appetite, and sexuality.
What can happen?
SuicideSelf-harmDevelop other behavioral
disordersPTSD
Bipolar
Anxiety
AnemiaDue to low iron levels
InsomniaAlcoholismAddiction
Will I ever get it?
Does it affect Gender?
Men Men often conceal depression better
and are less likely to seek treatment for major depression.
See it as a feminine thing conceal with substance abuse.
While men are less likely to attempt suicide than women, men are more successful.
Rate of suicide among men increases with age, peaking at 85.
Depression in men tends to manifest itself in the form of irritability, anger, and feelings of discouragement and low self-worth.
Women Women are twice as likely as men to
experience major depression.
This discrepancy may be due to the inherent hormonal fluctuations of womanhood. menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and
menopause.
Women are particularly vulnerable to depression following childbirth, a condition known as postpartum depression. Women suffering that are likely to kill
themselves or their child.
What kind of treatments are available?
Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS)
Treatment of SSRI-resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA)
Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters (TASA)
Medication Anti-depressants
Tricyclic- build serotonin levels
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors- also build up serotonin levels
CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Have you confront your issues and attempt to change your way of thinking about it and changing the behavior associated with it.
Treatments continued
Using both medication and therapy/counseling.
Behavioral Activation identify environmental factors that are maintaining the depression and the factors that limit
pleasurable activity, and then gradually increase that positive activity to not only increase one's pleasure, but one's sense of control as well.
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) When the psychologist attempts to make changes to your personal social sphere rather than
the behavior and build up their social and communication skills to build better relationships.
Inherited Factors (Biological): 1) Genetic Predisposition (expression for Depression)
Studies: Nurnberger and Gershon (1982) on concordance rates in twin studies for depression. (MORE LIKELY TO GET IT IF PREDISPOSED TO DISEASE GENETICALLY)
Constitutional (biological) vulnerability
OUTCOME Depression
Neuromaturational Factors (Biological)1. Neurotransmitters 2. Hormones
Imbalances in hormone levels (cortisol and depression). There have also been MRI’s proving one with depression is affecting its cognitive processes.
Stress (Sociocultural Factors): 1) Severe life events and social status.2) Tragedies affecting life (Traumatic events)
Cognitive Factors:1. Irritable (always mad)2. Mental Paranoia3. Thinks the world is against them.Studies: 1) Fava, Maurizio, and Kenneth S.
Kendler. Major Depressive Disorder (2001)2) Belmaker, R.H, and Galila
Agam. Mechanisms of Disease: Major Depressive Disorder. (2008)
No single mechanism can account for all the clinical variations in this condition. The monoamine oxidase theory can explain many of the actions of antidepressants.
Bibliography
Belmaker, R.H, and Galila Agam. Mechanisms of Disease: Major Depressive Disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2008. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. <http://maceiras.org/laasiste/downloads/Depresion/Depresion-medicos-1.pdf>.
Fava, Maurizio, and Kenneth S. Kendler. Major Depressive Disorder. Cell Press, 2000. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. <file:///C:/Users/Jailene/Downloads/00000111.pdf>.
"Major Depression." Major Depression. Depressedtest.com, 2006-2010. Web. 02 Mar. 2014. <http://www.depressedtest.com/major_depression.html>.
"Major Depressive Disorder Among Adults." NIMH RSS. National Institute of Mental Health, 2008. Web. 02 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nimh.nih.gov/statistics/1mdd_adult.shtml>.
"Medscape Log In." Medscape Log In. Medscape, n.d. Web. 02 Mar. 2014. <http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/467185_4>.
"Take the Depression Test." Depression Test, Am I Depressed? Depression,com, 2006. Web. 02 Mar. 2014. <http://www.depressedtest.com/>.
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