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Macromolecules
August 16, 2013August 16, 2013
ObjectivesObjectives Identify macromolecule type from pictures or models
Describe the functions of macromolecules
Identify examples of the four macromolecules found in the human body
Use models to represent the macromolecules
Identify macromolecule type from pictures or models
Describe the functions of macromolecules
Identify examples of the four macromolecules found in the human body
Use models to represent the macromolecules
MacromoleculesMacromoleculesMacromolecules are large organic molecules that consist of chains of repeating subunits called monomers.
Macromolecules are large organic molecules that consist of chains of repeating subunits called monomers.
Macromolecule Monomer Monosaccharides Fatty acids Amino acids Nucleotides
MacromoleculesMacromoleculesMacromolecules are large organic molecules that consist of chains of repeating subunits called monomers.
Macromolecules are large organic molecules that consist of chains of repeating subunits called monomers.
Macromolecule Monomer Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Lipids Fatty acids Proteins Amino acids Nucleic Acids Nucleotides
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates• All have formula: CnH2nOn
• Classified as • Monosaccharides (one)• Disaccharides (two)• Polysaccharids (many)
• Function in humans: Energy storage
• All have formula: CnH2nOn
• Classified as • Monosaccharides (one)• Disaccharides (two)• Polysaccharids (many)
• Function in humans: Energy storage
Glucose (monosaccharide)
MonosaccharidesMonosaccharides
Glucose – used to transport energy through the blood to all cells in the body
Ribose – Ribose –
found in nucleic acids
Glucose – used to transport energy through the blood to all cells in the body
Ribose – Ribose –
found in nucleic acids
MonosaccharidesMonosaccharides
Glucose – used to transport energy through the blood to all cells in the body
Ribose – Ribose –
found in nucleic acids
Glucose – used to transport energy through the blood to all cells in the body
Ribose – Ribose –
found in nucleic acids
glucose ribose
DisaccharidesDisaccharides
Lactose• Found in milk
Lactose• Found in milk
PolysaccharidesPolysaccharides
Glycogen• Used for energy storage in liver & muscles
• Made of glucose molecules
Glycogen• Used for energy storage in liver & muscles
• Made of glucose molecules
Carbohydrate Quick Review
Carbohydrate Quick Review
1)What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
2)What is the main function of carbohydrates in humans?
3)How will you recognize a carbohydrate?
1)What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
2)What is the main function of carbohydrates in humans?
3)How will you recognize a carbohydrate?
LipidsLipidsDiverse, but all are non-polar (thus hydrophobic)
Diverse, but all are non-polar (thus hydrophobic)
Type FunctionTriglycerides (fats & Oils)
Energy storage, insulation
Steroids (including cholesterol)
Hormones, part of cell membrane
Phospholipids Chief component of cell Membrane; Covers Nerves
Vitamins (A, E, K) Vital for many functions
Triglycerides Fun Facts
Triglycerides Fun Facts
What’s the difference between … Oils vs. Fats?
What’s the difference between … Oils vs. Fats?
Triglycerides Fun Facts
Triglycerides Fun Facts
What’s the difference between … Oils vs. Fats?
Oils are liquid at room temperature, while fats are solid.
What’s the difference between … Oils vs. Fats?
Oils are liquid at room temperature, while fats are solid.
Triglycerides Fun Facts
Triglycerides Fun Facts
What’s the difference between … Saturated and Unsaturated Fats?What’s the difference between … Saturated and Unsaturated Fats?
Triglycerides Fun Facts
Triglycerides Fun Facts
What’s the difference between … Saturated and Unsaturated Fats?
Saturated fats are “saturated” with hydrogens and thus form a straight chain. Unsaturated fats have some double bonds, and thus are bent.
What’s the difference between … Saturated and Unsaturated Fats?
Saturated fats are “saturated” with hydrogens and thus form a straight chain. Unsaturated fats have some double bonds, and thus are bent.
Energy Storage:Lipids Vs. CarbsEnergy Storage:Lipids Vs. Carbs
LIPIDS Usually long-term
More energy dense
Cannot be easily transported
Doesn’t impact osmotic balance
Less easily digested
LIPIDS Usually long-term
More energy dense
Cannot be easily transported
Doesn’t impact osmotic balance
Less easily digested
Carbs Usually short-term
Less energy dense Can be transported
Impacts osmotic balance
More easily digested
Carbs Usually short-term
Less energy dense Can be transported
Impacts osmotic balance
More easily digested
Lipid Quick ReviewLipid Quick Review
1. What property do all Lipids share?
2. Name 3 examples of lipids in the body.
3. Why would we store excess energy as Fat, rather than carbohydrates?
1. What property do all Lipids share?
2. Name 3 examples of lipids in the body.
3. Why would we store excess energy as Fat, rather than carbohydrates?
Amino AcidsAmino AcidsProteins are folded-up chains of amino acids.
There are 20 commonlyoccurring
amino acids.
Proteins are folded-up chains of amino acids.
There are 20 commonlyoccurring
amino acids.
Protein structureProtein structure
Functions of ProteinsFunctions of Proteins
Partial list only!Partial list only!
Function Example Details Shape
Enzymes lactase Breaks down lactose globular
Movement myosin & actin Slide past each other to cause muscle contraction
Fibrous
Transport hemoglobin Carries oxygen in blood globular
Structural collagen Tough fiber that provides strength
Fibrous
Hormones insulin Regulates blood sugar globular
Defense immunoglobins Antibodies globular
Nucleic AcidsNucleic AcidsDNA: Genetic Information
RNA: Transcribes and translates DNA to make proteins
DNA: Genetic Information
RNA: Transcribes and translates DNA to make proteins
Nucleotide structureNucleotide structureEach nucleotide has three parts:
A phosphate group A sugar A nitrogenous base (A, C, T, or G)
Each nucleotide has three parts: A phosphate group A sugar A nitrogenous base (A, C, T, or G)
ATPATPThe energy Currency of the Cell
The energy Currency of the Cell
Stop & Jot, then ShareStop & Jot, then Share1.Which macromolecule has the
most complex structure? Why do you say that?
2.Which macromolecule has the most diversity of functions?
1.Which macromolecule has the most complex structure? Why do you say that?
2.Which macromolecule has the most diversity of functions?
Quick ReviewQuick ReviewIdentify the macromolecule and Function
RNA Phospholipid Glycogen Collagen Lactose Insulin
Identify the macromolecule and Function
RNA Phospholipid Glycogen Collagen Lactose Insulin
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