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Lysmikroskopi
MENA3100,OBK, 01.02.11
Lysmikroskop
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Forstørrelse (magnification)
Oppløsningsevne (resolution)
Kontrast
Optisk mikroskop
Simple microscope
Lupe, forstørrelsesglass
The simple microscope
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
(1632−1723)
The compound microscope
ca. 1595 Hans Janssen
Robert Hooke(1635−1703)
Micrographia, 1664
Det sammensatte mikroskop
Don’t get too hang up in the ray tracing
Stereo microscope
Stereomikroskop
Compound microscope for transmitted light
Mikroskop for gjennomfallende lys
Inverted compound microscope for reflected light
Mikroskop for reflektert lys
www.microscopy-analysis.com/files/jwiley_microscopy/2006_Sept_Hammond.pdf
Illuminating system
Specimen
Filament
Field diaphragm
Aperture diaphragm
Condenser lens
Illuminating system
Specimen
Filament
Field diaphragm
Aperture diaphragm
Condenser lens
Köhler illumination
Uniform specimen illumination
Field diaphragmControll illuminated area
Aperture diaphragmControll angle of the coneof light
Imaging system
Specimen
Objective
Tube lens
Eyepiece
Okular
Primary image
Refraction
Kromatisk abberation
Spherical abberation
Corrections The objective
The limiting factor: Diffraction
R = 0,61/NAResolution Rayleigh criterion (Raleigh in Brandon and Kaplan)
Abbe
Numerical aperture (NA)
NA = nsin
R = 0,61/NAResolution
Oil immersion
Fouriertransformasjon
Condenser system
EyepiceOcular (okular)
More is needed than just the objective
Optical anisotropy
Calcite
Amorphous and cubic: Optically isotropic, one refracive indexHexagonal, trigonal, tetragonal: Optically anisotropic, two refractive indicesLower symmetry: Optically anisotropic, three refractive indices
Optically active crystals in the microscope
Optically active crystals in the microscope
Michel-Levy chart
Remember that geologists often call their book on microscopy on thin sections foroptical crystallography, and microscopy with reflected light is ore microscopy (malmmikroskopi).
Some web sites:http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/http://www.microscopyu.com/http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/pdfs/basicsandbeyond.pdfmaintenance:http://www.zeiss.de/C1256D18002CC306/0/1205E8CBD68054EAC125701500404705/$file/50-1-0011_e.pdf
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