Low Impact Development Pollutant Detections In Runoff From California Neighborhoods

Low Impact DevelopmentPollutant Detections In Runoff From

California Neighborhoods

Loren OkiUC Davis, Plant Sciences

Darren HaverUC Cooperative Extension, Orange County

Low Impact Development ConferenceOctober 6, 2010

Project Background

Evaluating Best Management Practices (BMP) effectiveness to reduce

volumes and improve quality of runoff from urban environments

Funding provided by: California State Water Resources Control Board CALFED Bay-Delta Program

Project Objectives

• Characterize runoff• Single family residences• Pesticides, nutrients, drinking water COCs,

pathogen indicators• Determine flow

volumes

• Develop pollutantloading models• Dry and wet season

• Measure outreacheffects

Site Selection

• 8 sites• 4 each in Sacramento (N. Cal)

and Orange (S. Cal) Counties

• Criteria• Single family homes• 4-20 years old• Lot size• Demographics

Water Sample CollectionSampling Schedule

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2006 Weekly* Weekly* Weekly

2007 Biweekly Weekly Weekly Weekly

2008 Biweekly Biweekly Biweekly Weekly

2009 Monthly Monthly* None None

2010 None Monthly Monthly Monthly

• Sampling by Master Gardeners in Sac Co• Up to 5 early storms of each season

• Continuous Data Collection– Flows (depth & velocity)– Temperature– pH– Electrical conductivity– Rainfall

• Automated StormwaterSampling

• Remote Communication Photos: L.Oki

Monitoring

• Continuous Data Collection– Flows (depth & velocity)– Temperature– pH– Electrical conductivity– Rainfall

• Automated StormwaterSampling

• Remote Communication Photos: L.Oki

Monitoring

Water Sample CollectionUC Cooperative Extension

Master Gardeners

Photos: L.Oki

Analyses of Water SamplesUC Riverside

Gan Lab

NutrientsNitrate, TKN,Phosphate, Total P

Pesticidesdiazinon,

chlorpyrifos,pyrethroids (9),

fipronil

Drinking Water COCsTOC, DOC, Brˉ, Clˉ, TDS, TSS, turbidity

Yates Lab

Pathogen indicatorsE. coliTotal coliformsSomatic coliphagesMale-specific

coliphagesEnterococciClostridium

perfringens

PathogensGiardiaCryptosporidium

Pesticide Detection Frequency

0

10

20

30

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50

60

70

80

90

100

% d

etec

t

Dia

zino

n

Chl

orpy

rifos

Fip

roni

l

Bife

nthr

in

Fen

prop

athr

in

L-C

yhal

othr

in

cis-

Per

met

hrin

tran

s-P

erm

ethr

in

Cyf

luth

rin

Cyp

erm

ethr

in

Esf

enva

lera

te

Del

tam

ethr

in

% D

ete

ctio

n

n=62

As reported Sep 18, 2008

Detection limit= 0.5 ng/L

OPs

Fipro

nil

Pyre

thro

ids

Sacramento County

Pesticide Detection Frequency

0

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100

% d

etec

t

Dia

zino

n

Chl

orpy

rifos

Fip

roni

l

Bife

nthr

in

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prop

athr

in

L-C

yhal

othr

in

cis-

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met

hrin

tran

s-P

erm

ethr

in

Cyf

luth

rin

Cyp

erm

ethr

in

Esf

enva

lera

te

Del

tam

ethr

in

% D

ete

ctio

n

n=62

OPs

Fipro

nil

Pyre

thro

ids

Sacramento County

0

10

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100

% d

etec

t

Dia

zino

n

Chl

orpy

rifos

Fip

roni

l

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nthr

in

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prop

athr

in

L-C

yhal

othr

in

cis-

Per

met

hrin

tran

s-P

erm

ethr

in

Cyf

luth

rin

Cyp

erm

ethr

in

Esf

enva

lera

te

Del

tam

ethr

in

% D

ete

ctio

n

n=56

0

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Dia

zino

n

Chl

orpy

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Fip

roni

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in

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prop

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yhal

othr

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met

hrin

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ethr

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erm

ethr

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enva

lera

te

Del

tam

ethr

in

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% d

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t

Dia

zino

n

Chl

orpy

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Fip

roni

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Bife

nthr

in

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prop

athr

in

L-C

yhal

othr

in

cis-

Per

met

hrin

tran

s-P

erm

ethr

in

Cyf

luth

rin

Cyp

erm

ethr

in

Esf

enva

lera

te

Del

tam

ethr

in

Orange Countyn=52

n=49

Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal

0

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ng

/L

Non-storm

Storm

96 hr LC50 Hyalella azteca

nn = 70ns = 9

S2

nn=70ns= 9

300

Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal

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ng

/L

Non-storm

Storm

96 hr LC50 Hyalella azteca

nn = 70ns = 9

S2

0

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ng

/L

1,032.3 ng/L 495.0 ng/L

nn = 60ns = 9

S1

0

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ng

/L

688.5 ng/L

n = 69n = 9

0

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ng

/L

6,121.4 ng/L 537.9 ng/L

nn = 69ns = 9

S3 S4

nn=60ns= 9

nn=70ns= 9

nn=69ns= 9

nn=60ns= 9

300300

300 300 Graphics: E. Lee

Bifenthrin Concentration- N Cal

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ng

/L

nn = 84ns = 11

170.4 ng/L

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ng

/L

nn = 80ns = 11F1 F2N1 N2

nn = 84ns = 11

nn = 80ns = 11

150 150

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ng

/L

nn = 77ns = 11

283.16 ng/L 669.70 ng/LNatN4 nn = 77

ns = 11

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ng

/L

Non-storm

Storm

96 hr LC50 Hyalella azteca

nn = 70ns = 7196.9 ng/L151.2 ng/L

150nn = 70ns = 7

N3150

Intensive Dry Weather Sampling

• Dry weather grab sampling– N. California- Tuesdays, 11:00-2:00 – S. California- Wednesdays, 7:00-

11:00• Hourly sampling for 7 days• S. California Site

– June 16– 23, 2008• N. California Site

– July 23-30, 2008

Sample Collection & Analyses

Time

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

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11:00

12:00

3 sample composite

TOCTSSNitrateOrthophosphatepHECTurbidity

12 sample composite

DiazinonChlorpyrifos

Fipronil

BifenthrinFenpropathrinL-Cyhalothrincis-Permethrintrans-PermethrinCyfluthrinEsfenvalerateDeltamethrin

1 grab sample every 24 hrs for biologicals

Sacramento County Location

Synthetic Pyrethroids

0.0

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W-D

W-N

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D

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N

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N

Bif

enth

rin

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

ng

/L)

Geomean=2.9

0.0

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25.0

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N

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N

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N

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N

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N

Bif

enth

rin

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

ng

/L)

Geomean=13

Northern California Southern California

Bifenthrin

Fipronil

Southern CaliforniaNorthern California

0

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14

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N

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Fip

ron

il C

on

cen

trat

ion

(n

g/L

)

Geomean=1.4

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il C

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Geomean=97

2,884.5 ppt

Dry season runoff patternsDaily Periodicity

0

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7

8

0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00

Wate

r D

ep

th (

cm)

Time of Day

TueJuly 1

WedJuly 2

MonJuly 7

SunJuly 6

SatJuly 5

FriJuly 4

ThuJuly 3

Graphics: L. Oki

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Dry season runoff patternsW

ate

r D

ep

th (

cm)

Time of Day

TueJuly 1

WedJuly 2

MonJuly 7

SunJuly 6

SatJuly 5

FriJuly 4

ThuJuly 3

Daily Periodicity

Graphics: L. Oki

• 4 Test neighborhoods

• Current county land useLow & Very Low

Density

• 50-year projected land use

• Wet & Dry seasons

Pollutant Loading ModelMulti-Scale

Graphics: A. Manfree

Pollutant Load Modeling Low & Very Low Density Residential Zones

Graphics: A. Manfree

Storm and Non-storm Runoff Low and Very Low Density Residential Land Use

Sacramento County

0

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2007

-21

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-19

Date (year-week)

Ru

no

ff (

cub

ic m

eter

s p

er h

ecta

re)

Non-Storm Storm

0

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-19

Date (year-week)

Ru

no

ff (

cub

ic m

eter

s p

er h

ecta

re)

Non-Storm Storm

38,680 acre-ft181,911 acre-ft

Graphics: A. Manfree

Thank youlroki@ucdavis.edu

dlhaver@ucdavis.edu

Site Selection

• Storm drain maps• Locate outfalls• Delineate drainshed• Identify lots• Verify land use

• Visit outfalls• Safe access

Orange County Location

Project outline• Controlled experiments• Residential landscape studies• Load estimation• Economic evaluation of BMP effectiveness• Outreach of results

− Local, statewide, regional

Evaluating Outreach MethodsUC Master Gardener Advanced

Training

Evaluating Outreach MethodsCommunity Activities

California Center for Urban Horticulture

ccuh.ucdavis.edu