View
3
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Looking Forward: The New Frontiers
in High Performance Building
high performance design webinar series:
• E-mail erica.ferdani@builtmarketing.com
• Include your AIA number
This session is approved for 1.5 AIA Learning Units & 1.5 GBCI Credits
AIA Learning Units (LUs)
2
• Fill out the survey in your follow up e-mail
• E-mail erica.ferdani@builtmarketing.com to receive
credit for attending the webinar
• Additional information will be sent to you
GBCI CE Hours
3
GEO/Recharge Colorado is a Registered Provider with The American
Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES).
Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to
AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA
members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or
construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material
of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing,
or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
• In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, please
access the evaluation for this course by logging into CES
Discovery and clicking on the Course Evaluation link on the
left side of the page
Course Evaluations
4
5
Learning Objectives
At the end of this program, participants will be able to:
• Discuss current advanced architectural, electrical and mechanical
technologies
• Define technologies and trends from Colorado’s major research
institutes in the areas of green building, energy and renewable
energy
• Identify local projects implementing the latest techniques and
technologies being implemented in Colorado
• Introduce new concepts into your own upcoming high
performance building projects
6
Agenda
• Introduction to GEO High Performance Building Program
• Current trends in market
• Current technologies
• Architectural
• Mechanical
• Reusing Waste
• Q & A
• Lighting & Daylighting
• Solar Energy
• Q & A
• Future technologies to watch from Colorado’s major research
institutions (NREL, CSU, CU)
• Q & A
• Resources
7
Presenters
Conor Merrigan, LEED-AP
Governor’s Energy Office
Commercial Buildings Program Manager
Renée Azerbegi, LEED-AP, CEM
Principal
Ambient Energy
Consultant to the GEO High Performance Building Program
Fred Andreas, AIA, LEED AP BD+C
Principal Architect, UNiT Design Studio
Assistant Professor Adjunct, University of Colorado – Denver, Boulder
8
Ph
oto
co
urt
esy o
f Ju
lesb
urg
, C
O T
ou
rism
Ph
oto
co
urt
esy o
f K
it C
ars
on
Ca
rou
se
l M
use
um
Ph
oto
by M
att
In
de
n/W
ea
ve
r M
ultim
ed
ia G
rou
p
The Governor's Energy Office promotes sustainable economic
development in Colorado through advancing the state's energy market
and industry to create jobs, increase energy security, lower long-term
consumer costs, and protect our environment.
Promote the adoption of high performance building practices across
Colorado to enhance the built environment, utilize resources wisely,
and provide superior spaces for living, working and playing.
GEO High Performance Building Program
GEO Mission
Teaching to Fish
9
• Legislation
• Access to Information
• Advance the New Energy Economy
• Establish Colorado as a leader
• Build a knowledgeable workforce
10
Impact of Buildings
GEO Regional Reps
11
WesternJoani Matranga 970.366.6036
Joani.Matranga@state.co.us
EasternMona Newton 303.809.0379
Mona.Newton@state.co.us
Central Angie Fyfe 303.866.2059
Angie.Fyfe@state.co,us
GEO HPBP Program Services
12
Training & Education
• Webinars
• Workshops
• Tools
• Case Studies
Partner Program Technical Assistance
• Set high performance design goals
• Champion Energy Efficiency
• Review Plans and Models
• Comply with State Requirements
• Accepting applications for K12 only!
High Performance Tools Now Available
13
• Flex Energy
• Case Studies
• High Performance Building Owner’s Manual
• Best Practices by Building Type
• Contractor LEED Toolkit
• RFP and RFQ Templates
• http://tiny.cc/h7lgc
Upcoming Workshops
14
• June 27: Beyond the Building: The Occupant Factor 201 in Denver
– http://www.planetReg.com/E51715161065
• June 30: Day-long series of High Performance Design Workshop in Aspen
– http://www.planetreg.com/E5161464665
– 8 - 10 a.m.: Daylighting 101 and 201 for Public Buildings
– 10:30 a.m. to noon: Energy & Envelopes: High
Performance Building Envelopes 201
– 1:30 - 3 p.m.: Practically Zero: The Colorado
Path to Net Zero Buildings 201
– 3:30 - 5 p.m.: Geoexchange for High
Performance Buildings 201
• PDFs: http://tiny.cc/u2n722g0bk
• Recorded webinars: http://vimeo.com/channels/geohpbp
Current Trends
Current Trends in Colorado
• Water resources hindering large
scale development
• Existing building market expands
• Monitoring and performance of
buildings becoming increasingly
critical to defining green buildings
• Net zero buildings RFPs/RFQs
increasing (NREL, DMNS, and
more)
• IGCC and ASHRAE 189 are just
around the corner….
Current Technologies
Architectural:
- High performance glazing
- Air barriers
- Double skin facades
Suspended film glazing
Suspended film in double glazed
insulated unit
Reflects heat and harmful
ultraviolet radiation
Current installation –
CU-Boulder Visual Arts Complex
Electrochromatic glazing units
Voltage causes Lithium ions to
darken
Reversing voltage polarity causes
Lithium ions to return to their
original state
Current installation – NREL-RSFArchitect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.sa
ge
-ec.c
om
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.eco
-re
du
x.c
om
High Performance Glazing
Phase change glazing
Four panes of tempered safety glass
that form three separate insulating
glazing units
Outer IGU with suspended prismatic
filter.
Inner IGU filled with a translucent
salt-hydrate phase-change material.
Phase Change Materials store heat
as they change phase from solid to
liquid (melt) and release heat as
they cool off.
Best suited for south/west facing
facades
Current installation – none in CO
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.bu
ild
ing
gre
en
.co
m
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.bu
ild
ing
gre
en
.co
m
High Performance Glazing
Thermochromic glazing
Thermoreflective filters utilize
nanotechnology to change from clear
to tinted when it heats up.
Uses a thermotropic resin layer
doped with spherical nanocapsules
(30% polyvinylvaprolactam and 70%
water )
Becomes opaque at a temperature of
about 86°F, cutting off the
wavelengths in the visible and in the
infrared.
Tvis changes from 80% to 15%
Current installation – NREL-RSF
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.ra
ve
nb
ricck.c
om
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.ra
ve
nb
ricck.c
om
Source of costs: erious wWndows rep, Sage Glass rep, and buildinggreen.com
High Performance Glazing
Glazing Comparison
High Performance Glazing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sage Glass Ravenbrick Glass X Serious Energy
Tvis
R-3.57
R-4.5
R-12.5
R-5-12
So
urc
e: A
mb
ien
t E
ne
rgy
Commercial Viability
• Suspended film glazing
• Serious Energy, Boulder
• $20-25/sq ft
• Electrochromatic glazing units
• Sage Glass, Minnesota
• $50 -75/sq ft
• Phase change glazing
• GlassX, Germany
• $60-90/sq ft
• Thermochromic glazing
• Ravenbrick, Denver
• $20-25/sq ft
Image: www.treehugger.comImage: www.buildinggreen.com
Image: www.consumerenergycenter.orgImage: www.inhabitat.com
Source of costs: Serious Wndows rep, Sage Glass rep, and buildinggreen.com
High Performance Glazing
Air Barriers
How It Works
Control air leakage into and out of
the building envelope
Impermeable to air flow
Continuous over the entire building
enclosure
• Air barrier performance
• Materials: 0.02 l/sm2 @ 75Pa
• Assemblies: 0.2 l/sm2 @ 75Pa
• Enclosures: 2.0 l/sm2 @ 75Pa
• Materials and assemblies that do not
meet these requirements but are
designed and constructed to control
airflow are air retarders
Ima
ge
: b
uild
ing
scie
nce
.co
m
Exterior Air Barrier Using Precast/Site Cast Concrete
Commercial Viability
Cost: $15-25/sq ft
Energy savings: 30% of heating
and cooling cost
Local installations
UCD Pharmacy &
Pharmaceutical, Denver
DMNS Phipps Gallery, Denver
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.bu
ild
ing
scie
nce
.co
m
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Interior Air Barrier Using Polyethylene Sheet
Interior Air Barrier Using Gypsum Board
Source of cost: RSMeans, www.energysavers.gov
Air Barriers
How It Works
A system consisting of two
glass skins placed in such a
way that air flows in the
intermediate cavity.
Incorporates natural
ventilation, daylight and solar
heat gain
Types
Buffer System,
Extract Air System
Twin Face System
Image: www.archrecord.construction.com
Buffer Façade Extract Air
Façade
Twin Face
Façade
Double Skin Façade
Commercial Viability
Cost
Premium of 2.5% based on
Gross internal floor area
4-5 times cost of a typical
façade
Local Installations
Museum of Contemporary Art
Architect: RB+B / HuttonArchitect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.arc
hre
co
rd.c
on
str
uctio
n.c
om
Ima
ge
: ce
u.c
on
str
uctio
n.c
om
Source of cost: www.architecture.uwaterloo.ca
Double Skin Façade
Mechanical
- Active chilled beam systems
- Custom water to water heat pumps
- Variable volume refrigerant system
How It Works – chilled beams
4 types of beams
Radiant Panels at 25 Btu/sf
Uses radiant heat transfer
Chilled Sails at 50 Btu/sf
Radiant & convective heat
transfer
Passive beams at 415 Btu/sf
Convective heat transfer
Active beams at 645 Btu/sf
Convective heat transfer
Great in temperate dry climates
Avoid high humidity areas Price
-HV
AC
Active Chilled Beams
How It Works – active chilled beams
Active chilled beams have much higher
capacities than passive chilled beams
Active chilled beams have integrated
ventilation and more fan energy
All Chilled Beams must operate with
surface temperatures above the dew point
of the space to avoid condensation
Compared to VAV systems
Increased 1st costs
Reduced infrastrucure and energy cost
~ $13/sf of Radiant Panel
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
ww
w.p
rice
-hvac.c
om
Tro
x
Active Chilled Beams
Commercial Viability – active chilled beams
Compared to VAV systems
Reduced infrastructure
Reduced maintenance:
Higher supply air temperatures
Reduced air flow volumes
Cost Premium over VAV systems
Same heat rejection capacity
15 – 25% higher initial costs
12-15 yrs simple payback
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
ww
w.u
penn.e
duv
Active Chilled Beams
Manufacturers & Local Examples – active chilled beams
Manufacturers
Trox Technik:
http://www.troxusa.com/usa/pr
oducts/air_water_systems/inde
x.html
Price: www.price-hvac.com
Local Installations
Slaterpaull Architects Office
Pikes Peak Regional Building
Department
Dear Creek Middle School
CSU Pueblo Library
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Tro
xw
ww
.tw
apan
les.c
a
Active Chilled Beams
How It Works
Water to Water Heat Pumps
Moves heat from one loop to
another (ie moving heat from a
chilled water loop to a hot
water loop)
Variety of ways to use W2W
heat pump for domestic hot
water, reheat hot water, or heat
recovery applications
Any buildings that heats and
cools simultaneously
Selected in compressor horse
power and cooling and heating
capacities Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Custom
W2W Heat
Pump
47⁰ F 43⁰ F
120⁰ F 140⁰ F
Chilled Water Loop
Hot Water Loop
+ Compressor
Heat
Custom Water to Water Heat Pump
Manufacturers & Local Examples
Manufacturers & Pricing
Heat Harvester
WaterFurnace International
McQuay
1000 $/hp of compressor hp
Local Installations
Family Health Centers
Commerce City & Fort Morgan
CSU RIC Building
Fort Collins
CU Biosciences Building
BoulderArchitect: RB+B / Hutton
Custom Water to Water Heat Pump
Image of Heat Harvester Heat Pump
How It Works – open loop water to water heat pump
Uses Municipal non potable
water (where available) as
heat source and sink for
building heat pump
Heat pumps produce heating
hot water or chilled water to
circulate throughout the
building
Local Installations
Denver Museum of Nature
and Science,
ECF, Denverwww.groundwatersolutions.com
Custom Water to Water Heat Pump
How It Works
One condensing unit,
multiple evaporators
Variable refrigerant flow to
each evaporator (VRF)
Retrofit projects: Longer pipe
length smaller pipe diameter
than DX
Buildings needing
simultaneous heating and
cooling and individual control
zones
Hotels, office, hospitals
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Fujit
su
Heat Pump Units
Variable Volume Refrigerant Systems
Commercial Viability
Comparison to conventional
split system / heat pump system:
20-40% premium first costs
10% savings in operating costs
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Fujit
su
Variable Volume Refrigerant Systems
Manufacturers & Local Examples
Mitsubishi
http://www.mehvac.com/
Daikin Industries
http://www.daikin.com/
Toshiba
http://www.toshiba.com/
Fujitsu
http://www.fujitsu-general.com/
Local Installations
Gateway Canyons Resort,
Colorado Springs
Total Community Options,
Aurora
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Variable Volume Refrigerant Systems
Other Mechanical Ideas
Underfloor Air Distribution
Displacement Ventilation
Indirect/Direct Evaporative Cooling
Wind Scoop
Cool Tower
Condensing Boilers
Instantaneous Water Heaters
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Variable Volume Refrigerant Systems
Reusing Waste
- Living/Eco Machines
- Trash to Power
- Poop to Power
How It Works
Biological systems cleanse
the water for reuse
Aerobic and anaerobic
processes
Treats wastewater,
stormwater, and bio-solids
Applicable for all project
types (industrial with heavy
metals may require pre-
treatment)
Can be used for toilet
flushing, irrigation, AC
makeup, aquifer recharging
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.to
dd
eco
log
ica
l.co
m
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Living/Eco-Machines
Commercial Viability
Price Range (compared
to conventional
wastewater systems)
Construction –
cost competitive
Operations –
less expensive
(sometimes
significantly)
Can realize large
savings in rural areas
with no municipal
supplyImage: www.livingmachines.com
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Living/Eco-Machines
Manufacturers & Local Examples
John Todd Ecological Design
Eco-Machines
www.toddecological.com
jonathan@toddecological.com
Worrell Water Technologies
Living Machine
Examples
El Monte Sagrado Resort,
Taos, NM
Las Vegas Regional Animal
Hospital, Las Vegas, NV
3 Colorado projects being
consideredArchitect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.lto
dd
eco
log
ica
l.co
m
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.liv
ing
ma
ch
ine
s.c
om
Living/Eco-Machines
How It Works
Method 1. Methane from landfills
is burned to produce heat
which turns turbines to produce
electricity (large scale
application)
Method 2. Trash is used to
produce a synthetic
hydro/carbon gas used for
heating and electricity (small to
large scale applications)
Method 3. Trash (biomass) is
burned in an incinerator
creating heat for heating or
turning turbines to create
electricity (small to medium
scale applications)
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.he
atp
ipe
-re
form
er.
co
m
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Heatpipe Reformer: Hydro/carbon gas generator
Trash to Power
Manufacturers & Local Examples
Waste Management
Currently owns 111 landfill-based
gas plants, including Colorado
Invested in:
Agnion Energy: trash to
synthetic hydro/carbon gas
Enerkem: trash to
transportation fuel
Agilyx: plastics into crude oil
Agri-Power
Creates heat and power from waste and biomass*
Moveable system
Each system customized per application
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.to
dd
eco
log
ica
l.co
m
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Trash to Power
How it Works
Gassification process
Mechanical press
squeezes liquid out of
the dung
Extracted liquid is
combined with bacteria
and graphite in a
reactor to create
electricity
Solid mass is burned to
create heat
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.he
art
lan
dre
ne
w.c
om
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Poop to Power
How It Works
Anaerobic digesters
Microorganisms break
waste down and create
gas
Used for heat or electricity
Applications: Anywhere
with a local supply of
solid mass waste
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.he
art
lan
dre
ne
w.c
om
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Poop to Power
Manufacturers & Local Examples
Denver Zoo
Elephant dung gassification
Will saves $200,000/year
Heartland Renewable Energy,
Longmont, CO
Cattle dung
80 acre gassification plant
Will power 20,000 homes
Carbondale Dog Park
Investigating anaerobic
digester to power a gas lamp
Methane created by on-site
dog waste
www.parksparkproject.com
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.asp
en
tim
es.c
om
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Poop to Power
Lighting & Daylighting
- Wireless lighting control systems
- Solid State / LED lighting
- Daylight harvesting
How It Works - TwistHDM – LimeLight
Wireless controls system for
fluorescent or LED fixtures in
Parking Garages, managed by
remote, web enabled software
automatically monitoring light
output, energy consumption, and
garage activity.
Two types
Open Access
Fluorescent
Linear
LEDArchitect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: tw
issth
dm
.co
mIm
ag
e:
twis
sth
dm
.co
m
Wireless Lighting Control System
Commercial Viability & Price Range - TwistHDM LimeLight
Cost
Linear: $450 per fixture includes
controls, fluorescent fixture,
installation, labor and Cx
Open Access: $670-820 per
fixture for the controls (mini
computer and sensor pods),
LED fixture, installation, labor,
and Cx
Energy savings around 65%
Local installations
RTD parking garage,
Westminster
Parking garage at USAFA, CO
Springs
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Image: www.twisthdm.com
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.th
efr
ase
rdo
ma
in.t
yp
ep
ad
.co
m
Source of cost: LimeLight Rep.
Wireless Lighting Control System
How It Works - Encelium
Integrated lighting control and
energy management solution
Use 6 different energy
management strategies
Utilizes a universal input/output
module that connects to
standard lighting components
Central control software enables
facility managers to control each
fixture in a building remotely
Image: www.encelium.com
Wireless Lighting Control System
Commercial Viability - Encelium
Cost
$2/sf for installations over
25,000 sf; $3/sf installations
under 25000 sf.
Reduces commercial lighting
energy costs by 50-75%
Best application: Offices, Higher
Education
Local installations
UCD Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Building
NREL RSF
Image: www.encelium.com
Source of cost: www.encelium.com
Wireless Lighting Control System
How It Works
When a light-emitting diode is
switched on, electrons
recombine with electron holes
within the device, releasing
energy in the form of photons
resulting in electroluminescence
Benefits
Lower energy consumption
Longer lifetime
Improved robustness
Smaller size
Faster switching
DimmableArchitect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.su
nflo
werd
aylig
htin
g.c
om
Ima
ge
: e
n.w
ikip
ed
ia.o
rg
LED – Solid State Lighting
Commercial Viability
Cost
High range of costs
Manufacturers
Lumascape
Phillips
Osram Sylvania
CREE
Local installations
Denver Art Museum
NREL RSF
Denver International Airport
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.lu
ma
sca
pe
.co
mIm
ag
e:
ww
w.t
he
fra
se
rdo
ma
in.t
yp
ep
ad
.co
m
Source of cost: Lightingfacts.com.
LED – Solid State Lighting
How It Works - Sundolier
Tracks the sun to maximize
daylight delivered to interior
spaces with two-axis tracker
High quality indirect daylight —
no hot spots, no direct beam and
no glare
Dramatically decreased roof
penetration versus other
solutions
One Sundolier can light 1000-
3000 sq ft of space depending
on the ceiling height
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.su
nflo
werd
aylig
htin
g.c
om
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.su
nflo
werd
aylig
htin
g.c
om
Daylight Harvesting
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.su
nflo
werd
aylig
htin
g.c
om
Daylight Harvesting
Image: w
ww
.sunflo
werd
aylig
htin
g.c
om
Daylight Analysis - Sundolier
Commercial Viability - Sundolier
Cost:
$7-24/sq ft
One Sundolier costs $18,000
without installation
Best application: large interior
open spaces
Local installations
Phillip S. Miller Library, Castle
Rock
St. Vrain Valley School District,
Longmont
Cherry Creek School District,
AuroraArchitect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.su
nflo
werd
aylig
htin
g.c
om
Source of cost: Sunflower Corporation Inc.
Daylight Harvesting
Solar Energy
- Cylindrical solar PV
- Solar air heating
How It Works
360 degree surface to capture sunlight
Converts direct, diffuse, and reflected sunlight into electricity
Advantages
Reduced energy loss from dirt
Increased weather resistance
No tilting or spacing required
Self-ballasted, easy to install
Non-penetrating
Applications
Anywhere with available roof area
Improved performance on white roofs
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.to
dd
eco
log
ica
l.co
m
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
s:
: w
ww
.so
lyn
dra
.co
m/
Cylindrical Solar PV
Commercial Viability
Efficiency
14% efficiency
8 watts / sq ft
Price Range
$4.50 - $6.00 / sq ft installed
Qualifies for solar PV tax
incentives and rebates
Tax credits for new white roof and
Solyndra combo decreases total
cost
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
:fh
ttp
://w
ww
.so
lyn
dra
.co
m/
Solyndra Factroy Fremont, CA
Dorfman Pacific distribution facility, CA
Cylindrical Solar PV
Manufacturers & Local Examples
Solyndra
www.solyndra.com
Local installations
Racine’s Restaurant – Denver
Steuben’s Restaurant –
Denver
Howard Electric –
Golden
Manufacturer location
Fremont, CA
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.ra
cin
esre
sta
ura
nt.
co
m
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.ste
ub
en
s.c
om
Cylindrical Solar PV
How It Works – Solar Air Heating
Glazed solar air collector for direct space heating
Draws air from interior space, heats, then returns to interior space
through duct
Provides up to 20k Btu/day per unit
Wall or roof mounted
Fan is self-powered by
small PV panel
T-stats allow units to be
turned off in summer
Each 7 ½’ x 3 ½’ unit can
heat ~1,000 sq ft
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
s:
ww
w.y
ou
rso
larh
om
e.c
om
Solar Air Heating
How It Works – Transpired Solar Collector
Metal solar collector for
preheating air
Mounted on exterior wall
Perforated panels draw
preheated air into HVAC
system
Provides up to 4 cfm of
preheated air per sq ft
of panel
Architect: RB+B / Hutton Ima
ge
s:
ww
w.s
ola
rair
he
atin
g.o
rg
Solar Air Heating
Commercial Viability
Solar Air Heating Commercial Viability
Current installations include some small
commercial buildings and DIY homes
Transpired Solar Collector
Commercial Viability
Numerous large scale commercial
installations nation wide
Pricing
Solar air heating panels: $1,000 to
$1,500 per panel or about $38 to $57/sf
Transpired solar collector: $14 to $25/sf
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
s:
ww
w.y
ou
rso
larh
om
e.c
om
Ima
ge
s:
ww
w.
uw
sp
.ed
u
Solar Air Heating
Manufacturers & Local Examples
SolarSheat (Ontario, Canada)
Solar Air Heating
Manufactured by Your Solar Home
InSpire (Allenstown, PA)
Transpired Solar Collector
Manufactured by Atas
Installed on Summit County Fleet
Maintenance Facility in Frisco
SolarWall (Buffalo, NY)
Transpired Solar collector
Installed on Carbon Valley Regional
Library, Firestone, and FedEx, Denver
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
s:
Am
bie
nt
En
erg
y
Ima
ge
s:
ww
w.y
ou
rso
larh
om
e.c
om
Ima
ge
s:
ww
w.s
ola
rwall.c
om
Solar Air Heating
Q & A
Future Technologies:
- NREL
- Colorado State University
- University of Colorado
Sliced monocrystalline silicon (Siemens)
Multicrystalline silicon cast ingot slices
(Kyocera)
Multicrystalline silicon ribbon or sheet
grown directly from the melt (Schott)
Amorphous silicon think film (Uni-Solar)
Amorphous silicon on monocrystalline
silicon slice (SANYO’s HIT cell)
Concentrators using silicon cells (Amonix)
Cell Efficiency:
Sanyo (19.3%)
SunPower (20.4%)
Ima
ge
s:
ww
w.
Uni-
so
lar.
co
m
Photovoltaic Trends: Silicon Technologies
NREL: Future Trends
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) modules (Antec)
CIS* cells (Shell Solar, Würth Solar, Global Photovoltaics)
CIGS** (Nanosolar), Copper indium gallium (di)selenide
High efficiency III-V concentrators made from Gallium compounds
(Spectrolab, Boeing)
Ima
ge
: w
ww
. n
an
oso
lar.
co
m
Nanoparticle Ink
Photovoltaic Trends: Emerging Non-Silicon Alternatives:
NREL: Future Trends
Solar Thermal Trends
Bigger troughs
Frame development
Direct steam generation
Hybrid cooling (absorbtion)
Non-glass / aluminum mirrors
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
. cle
an
tech
nic
a.c
om
Ima
ge
: a
qu
an
tum
ofk
no
wle
dg
e.w
ord
pre
ss.c
om
Image: www.techpulse360.com
Steam generation
Aluminum mirrors
NREL: Future Trends
Bigger Wind Turbines
Enercon E-126 is world’s largest wind
turbine
7.58 MW, 198 m (650 ft) tall, 24 in EU
10+ MW turbines are being developed
Cost / kW decreases as size of
turbines goes up
Offshore wind development
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
s:
ww
w.
eu
infr
astr
uctu
re.c
om
NREL: Future Trends
Professor W.S. Sampath,
sampath@engr.colostate.edu
Director, National Science Foundation
Industry and University Cooperative
Research Program
Focus on Thin film Cadmium Telluride
(CdTe) photovoltaics. CdTe is a compound
made from by-products of zinc and copper
mining operations.
Abound Solar, one of the most successful
CSU spinoffs with, one of five center
members
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
CSU: Low Cost PV
Low Cost PV
Urban Water Center at CSU
Larry Roesner and Sybil
Sharvelle
Assisted by Water Legacy
of Colorado
Sink, shower, and laundry water
is treated/purified and used for
sub-surface irrigation or for
toilet flushing
Plant and soil samples collected and
analyzed for human health concerns
Case Study: Aspen Hall
Ima
ge
: a
zsp
rin
kle
rfix
.co
m
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
CSU: Graywater Research
Graywater for Irrigation
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.wg
bis
.ce
s.iis
c.e
rne
t.in
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Ima
ge
: w
ww
.wa
m-r
pu
.blo
gsp
ot.
co
m
CSU: Graywater Research
Urban Water Center at CSU
Larry Roesner and Sybil Sharvelle
Free surface wetland vs. subsurface
gravel wetland
Shower and laundry water hauled to
wetland area
Testing for pathogen indicator
organisms to determine efficacy
Preliminary results show reduction in
solids, biochemical oxygen
demand and nitrogen
species
Water savings & cost reduction
Constructed wetland treatment of graywater:
How Anaerobic Digestion Works
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
High CarbonWaste
Organics Acids
Acids CH4
High NutrientLow Odor
Waste
Anaerobic Environment
Cogeneration
Hot Water
CH4
Green Power
Near Complete Pathogen Removoal
CSU: Anaerobic Digester for Energy
Uses for Methane
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Methane Gas
Cogeneration
Electricity Hot Water
Purification to Supply
Natural Gas LinesBoiler
CSU: Anaerobic Digester for Energy
CH4
How And Where It Works
Sybil Sharvelle, Dept of Civil &
Environmental Engineering
Applicable for high organic
content waste
In absence of oxygen, carbon is
converted to methane
Most applicable at dairies
Can generate 5 kWh per
day per cow
CSU investigating Separate
Stage Leachate Bed System
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
CSU: Anaerobic Digester for Energy
Artificial Intelligence to Inform Building Operation
Dr. Gregor Henze
Peter May-Ostendorp
mayosten@Colorado.edu
Building Systems Program, CU
Boulder
USGBC-funded project:
―HVAC Control Algorithms for
Mixed-Mode Buildings‖
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Explore operation strategies
Extract enhanced
operational rules
Embed rules in BAS
Simulation
Implementation
CU: Predictive Intelligence for Buildings
Artificial Intelligence to Inform Building Operation
Concept:
Use model-predictive control to
explore better operational
strategies for high performance
buildings
―Extract‖ the lessons learned into
computationally simplified ―rules‖
that can be implemented in today’s
building automation systems
Simulation results indicate HVAC
cooling energy savings > 10% with
improved comfort
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Explore operation strategies
Extract enhanced
operational rules
Embed rules in BAS
Simulation
Implementation
CU: Predictive Intelligence for Buildings
Mixed-Mode Building Optimal Control: Dealing with
uncertainty in stochastic human-building interaction.
• Dr. Gregor Henze,
• Ryan Tanner
ryan.tanner@colorado.edu
• Building Systems Program, CU
Boulder
• Buildings need to be controlled
in concert with occupant actions.
• Buildings are tasked with
maintaining the indoor
environment while responding
to disturbances (occupant
actions, weather).
Ima
ge
: C
arn
eg
ie In
stitu
tio
n fo
r S
cie
nce
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Insert Image(s)
CU: Stochastic Optimal Controls
Mixed-Mode Building Optimal Control: Dealing with
uncertainty in stochastic human-building interaction.
• Occupants can help or hinder
building operation (decrease or
increase operating cost).
• People open windows, adjust
thermostats, adjust lighting
and shading devices, etc.
• Occupants are largely
predictable, but inconsistencies
in behavior can result in
significant building under-
or over-compensation.
• Challenge: Lower building energy consumption while
increasing occupant comfort.
• Solution: Coming Soon!
Ima
ge
: C
arn
eg
ie In
stitu
tio
n fo
r S
cie
nce
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Insert Image(s)
CU: Stochastic Optimal Controls
NSF– EFRI Seed: Living Wall
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
NSF – EFRI Seed: Living Wall
Living Wall Materials and Systems for Automatic Building
Thermo- regulations
Goal:
Radical reduction of heating/cooling energy of buildings
towards achieving net-zero-energy buildings by 2030.
Approach:
Apply biomimetic design principles to develop an intelligent
and integrated LIVING building wall system with smart
materials and innovative structures.
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
NSF – EFRI Seed: Living Wall
Living Wall is …
Two sets of optimized micro-
vascular networks and
distributed phase change
medium (PCM) are
Embedded into an innovative
polymer-based wall unit
Allow autonomous movement of
air and liquid and charge/
discharge of PCM to
Dynamically regulate the thermal
behaviors of building envelope
and entire dwelling.
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
NSF – EFRI Seed: Living Wall
Air
Air
Air
Air
Water
PCM
holding material
MVFS_L
flow - liquid
flow - air
air vents
PCM
holding material
MVFS_L
flow - liquid
flow - air
air vents
Research and Education/Outreach Plan:
Design, synthesize and process functional hydrogels and holding
materials
Explore thermo-mechancial properties of thermally responsive
hydrogels (TRH)
Optimize the design and integration of micro-vascular networks,
PCM distributions and holding materials for autonomous control of
heat and mass flow in the wall
Quantify automatic thermal regulation processes and long-term
performance of integrated living wall systems under dynamic
climatic and operating conditions
Integrate living wall design with whole net-zero-energy building
design and construction
Develop new interdisciplinary academic and outreach program in
Bio-Architectural Science and Engineering (BASE)
NSF – EFRI Seed: Living Wall
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
NSF – EFRI Seed: Living Wall
Micro-scale
materials
(polymer)
Micro-vascular
fluid channels &
networks
System-scale
whole building
systems
micro-scale meso-scale macro-scale system-scale
Macro-scale
individual wall
units
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Passive Heating and Cooling
Heating and Cooling – Day
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Passive Heating and Cooling
Heating and Cooling – Day
Wind tower
rotates with
wind venturi
effect pulls air out
(fan assisted)
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Passive Heating and Cooling
Night Flush
Wind scoop,
evaporative
cooling
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Passive Heating and Cooling
Night Flush
Interior daytime
heat vented
through atrium at
night through
Venturi Effect and
envelope inlets.
Heat collected
with air to liquid
heat exchangers.
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Stack Effect & Thermal Up-lift
Atrium Ventilation
Air
movement
into atrium
via negative
pressure
generated
by thermal
uplift and
exhaust
Performance Goals
80% to Net Zero operations with
passive systems
Integrated systems, through BAS
Maximized, efficient heat collection
drawn into centralized system
Efficient stack effect with balanced
Living Wall heat distribution
Efficient/maximized fluid based
heat concentration, collection
and transport
Heating and cooling balanced in
simultaneous operation
BAS controlled seeding of interstitial
stacks for maximum thermal uplift Architect: RB+B / Hutton
FLUID TO AIR
LIVING WALL
COILS
HEAT
EXCHANGER
ENVELOPE
WALL DETAIL
Stack-Effect Heating & Cooling
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Stack Effect & Thermal Up-lift
Passive Ventilation
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Stack Effect & Thermal Up-lift
Central Space w/ Interstitial Walls
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Stack Effect & Thermal Up-lift
Interstitial Wall Ventilation
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Stack-Effect Heating & Cooling
Interstitial Wall and Passive Ventilation System
Passive Cooling and Heating
System with Winter Sun
1. Interstitial Wall System
2. Blank
3. Exterior Vent
4. Interior Vent
5. Underfloor Plenum Space
6. Labyrinth Air Intake
7. Cooling Labyrinth
8. Supplemental Fans
9. Transparent Thin Film PV
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Stack-Effect Heating & Cooling
Interstitial Wall and Passive Ventilation System
Passive Cooling System with
the Summer Sun
1. Interstitial Wall System
2. Blank
3. Exterior Exhaust Vent
4. Interior Vent
5. Underfloor Plenum Space
6. Labyrinth Air Intake
7. Cooling Labyrinth
8. Supplemental Fans
9. Transparent Thin Film PV
Design Goals
Passive heating, cooling
and lighting strategies
Integrated and
standardized systems
Predictable results
Tool for architects and engineer professionals
Quick design tools with predictable results
Quantification tools at schematic design phase & beyond
Computer tools for accurate PRM, Energy Modeling and CFD
Development of an Energy Plus model
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Stack-Effect Heating & Cooling
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Living Wall System Scale
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Living Wall &
Interstitial Wall
Concept
Winter
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Living Wall &
Interstitial Wall
Concept
Summer
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Architectural Detail
of the Living Wall
Solar Winter Day
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Architectural Detail
of the Living Wall
Solar Summer Day
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Micro-Scale Living Wall
Q & A
Resources
Electrochromatic Glazing:
Lighting Research and Technology: September 1, 2009 41: 261-283
Phase Change Glazing:
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology: Vol. 4, No. 3 (2009)
322 – 327
Thermochromic Glazing
http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/143091/
Air Barriers:
www.buildingscience.com
Double Skin Façade:
www.architecture.uwaterloo.ca
Active Chilled Beams
Butler, D., et al. 2007. 3. Chilled Beam Application Guidebook,
second ed. Belguim: REHVAArchitect: RB+B / Hutton
Resources
Resources
Variable Volume Refrigerant Systems
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5547
Living Machines
www.livingmachines.com
Eco Machines
John Todd, jonathan@toddecological.com
Agri-Power
Barry Berman, bberman@agripower.com
Poop to Power
www.parksparkproject.com
Wireless lighting control systems
http://www.wbdg.org/resources/electriclighting.php
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Resources
Resources
Solid State / LED Lighting
www.newbuildings.org
Daylight Harvesting
www.ecw.org
Cylindrical Solar PV
www.eere.energy.gov
Solar Air Heating
www.energysavers.gov
NREL
Andy Walker, andy.walker@nrel.gov
CSU – Low Cost PV
W.S. Sampath, sampath@engr.colostate.edu
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Resources
Resources
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Resources
CSU – Graywater for Irrigation and Constructed Wetland Treatment of
Graywater
Larry Roesner, larry.roesner@colostate.edu
Sybil Sharvelle, sybil.sharvelle@colostate.edu
CSU – Anaerobic Digester
Sybil Sharvelle, sybil.sharvelle@colostate.edu
CU – Predictive Intelligence for Building
Peter May-Ostendorp, mayosten@colorado.edu
CU – Mixed Mode Building Ocntrol
Ryan Tanner, ryan.tanner@colorado.edu
CU – Living Wall
John Zhai, john.zhai@colorado.edu
Fred Andreas, fred.andreas@ucdenver.edu
Resources
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Resources
CU – Green Building Resources
Fred Andreas,
fred.andreas@ucdenver.edu
http://tiny.cc/rnpeb - Vol 4
Vol 1 Green building high tech
materials
Vol 2 MEP high tech systems
Vol 3 Residential high tech
Vol 4 High tech commercial
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing
Education Systems Course
conor.merrigan@state.co.usConor Merrigan
renee@ambient-e.comRenée Azerbegi
fred.andreas@ucdenver.eduFred Andreas
Recommended