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Parking: Problem or Solution?
Lisa Salsberg Metrolinx
Manager, Strategic Policy & Systems Planning
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2
Metrolinx and GO Transit
Station access and parking management
The GO Transit Rail Parking and Station Access Strategy
Method
Key findings
Lessons learned
Overview
3
The Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA)
6.7 million people today
8.62 million by 2031
30 municipalities
4 levels of government
8,242 km2
4
was created in 2006 for the
purpose of providing residents and businesses in the Greater
Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) a transportation system
that is modern, efficient and integrated.
GO Transit PRESTO Union Pearson Express Three Metrolinx Operating Divisions
6
GO Transit rail and bus service has grown
significantly… 62m
boardings in
2011/12 (rail
and bus)
7 lines and
62 rail
stations
444 rail route
kilometres
189 weekday
train trips
7
• From a peak hour commuter service to a
regional rapid transit service (all-day, two-
way)
• 75 million passengers projected by 2016,
supported by an ambitious capital
investment program
• A revitalized, expanded Union Station
• PRESTO (fare card) will be in use on all
transit systems in the GTHA by 2016
…and continues to grow
9
GO provides over 62,000 parking spaces
2.3 km2
430 football fields
More than 5 Disneyworlds
Larger than Monaco
Over the past ten years, GO has added approximately
2,500 parking spaces each year.
GO Rail Parking by the Numbers
12
Balancing Competing Objectives
Customer service: Customers want more
parking and improved station access
The Big Move (Regional Transportation Plan)
goals include:
Increase transit & active transportation
mode share
Intensification around major transit stations
Asset maximization
13
The Challenge of Change: Where are we starting from?
Source: 2011/12 GO Rail Passenger Survey
Current Modal Split
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024 2029
AM Peak Rail Riders (forecast)
Historic Ridership
Historic Parking Supply
Drove Myself
60%
Carpool 3%
Kiss and Ride 17%
Bicycle 1%
GO Bus 2%
Local Transit
9% Walk 9%
Historic Ridership and Parking
14
Parking Management at GO Transit Reserved Parking
Provides a guaranteed space for $80/month
4,000 reserved parking spaces (~7% of total parking supply)
Carpool to GO
Provides priority parking for GO passengers carpooling to the
station.
Currently operating at 5 GO Stations with 95 spaces and
slated for expansions in the coming year.
Bicycle Parking
All GO buses are equipped with bicycle racks
GO stations have parking available for almost 3,000 bicycles
Locked bicycle enclosures at Hamilton GO Centre and
Burlington Station and bike lockers at several other stations
17
Objectives of the Strategy
Support ridership growth
Enhance the customer experience
Manage demand for new parking
Promote cost effectiveness
Support implementation of The Big
Move
18
Overview of Method
The key questions for the Strategy :
What are the most effective options to meet GO rail parking needs and support ridership
growth?
What other actions or investments are required to support multi-modal access to stations?
GO Rail Parking Strategy
Parking Policy Statement
• Decision Making Framework
• Strategic Parking Forecasts
• Corridor Level Strategies
• Short Term Actions
• Pilot Programmes & Projects
• Recommendations for
Implementation and Phasing
Stakeholder
Engagement with:
• GO Rail Riders
• Province
• Municipalities
• Local Transit
Agencies
• Key Metrolinx /
GO staff
Evidence Base:
• Existing policies
and initiatives
• Site visits
• Customer
Surveys
• Data analysis
• Modelling
• Multi Account
Evaluation
20
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
Parking expansion has facilitated ridership growth What is the relationship between parking and rail ridership?
Range of future
parking supply
21
Station Site Review – Station Profiles What is happening on the ground?
Active Transportation
Over half of stations identified as having either too few bicycle amenities and/or lack safe
connections to access station
Transit Integration
Bus loop capacity issues impeding the expansion of local transit at some stations
Vehicle Access & Traffic
Customers often experience significant delays leaving the station (~half of stations)
Local traffic constraints identified as a major issue at a majority of stations
Issues with Kiss & Ride at about 1/3rd of stations – design, size, location, etc.
Parking
About 1/3rd of stations have readily available land to expand surface parking
About half of stations are at or above 95% occupancy, limited off-peak spare capacity
Land Use & Community
Shared parking opportunities - nearby municipal and institutional parking at several stations
About 1/3rd of stations have some development potential in the short-medium term
22
Local Transit Service to GO Stations
Oshawa Station
Methodology:
• Identified neighbourhoods with concentrations of
GO passengers who are underserved
• Created recommendations to create better bus
connections:
• Better route coverage
• Serve origins and destinations
• Enhanced bus/rail schedule synchronization.
• Further consultation with local transit agencies
required
Case Study: Oshawa GO Station
• High ridership
• Constrained parking
• Multiple neighbourhoods with hundreds of
passengers not currently served by direct links
to the GO station.
• Recommendation: Several potential new routes
identified
23
Parking costs of accommodating new riders What is the cost of providing parking and alternative modes?
Approximately five spaces for every ten riders in 1999 to seven spaces for every ten riders in 2012
With the same auto driver mode share, 40,000 new parking spaces would be required by 2031
little spare capacity across the network currently
limited land available / variations in land values and increased cost of structured parking over surface parking
constrained funding
24
Customer Views: Private auto is often the quickest access mode
Survey of over 3,000 GO riders
Travel time is the key factor in access mode choice: Most customers choose modes to get them to the station in 15 min or less. Most local transit users are within 20 min.
Most GO Rail riders (80%) have access to a car
Potential for drivers to try other station access modes: approximately 30% of drivers are looking for better ways of accessing GO Rail stations
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Drive and Park
Kiss and Ride
Public Transit
Walk Total
Travel Time to GO Station by Mode
15 - 20 min
< 15 min
Note: Carpool and cycle modes excluded due to low
sample size.
26
The New Strategy: Vision – The Future of the GO Transit Rail
Parking & Station Access GO Rail Parking and Station Access will be planned and delivered in an integrated, sustainable and financially efficient manner to grow ridership, enhance all customers’ experience and safety, and reduce the dependency on single-occupant vehicles.
Parking will be planned, delivered, and managed in collaboration with key local and provincial partners to support transportation and land use objectives for increasing the economic competitiveness of the GTHA, improving the quality of life of local communities, and contributing to the region’s environmental sustainability.
27
Range of Parking Policy Options + Scenario Analysis
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
Historic AM Riders for GO Rail and Related Bus (including midday and contraflow)
Forecast AM Riders for GO Rail and Related Bus (including midday and contraflow)
Historic Parking Supply
Prioritize Parking Expansion
High Investment in All Modes
Balanced Investment in Parking Expansion and Alternative Modes
Prioiritze Alternative Modes
Prioritize
Parking
Expansion
Prioritize
Alternative
Modes
28
1. Estimate ridership
growth & future station
access demand
2. Determine
appropriate form of
parking type
3. Assess technical
and financial feasibility
and policy alignment
4. W
orki
ng in
par
tner
ship
with
key
sta
keho
lder
s
Based on forecasting and long range
planning as well as on the ground
opportunities and constraints.
Includes set of critical questions to
consider:
• How much parking / other station
access modes is required to achieve
potential growth, and when?
• What type of parking is most
appropriate and feasible?
• How does this align with policy?
• What stakeholder support is available?
The New Strategy: Decision making framework to determine
the best approach at each station
29
Moderating Parking Expansion: reduce automobile mode share
from 60% to 50%
Short Term
Strategic Forecast Medium Term Long Term
TOTAL NEW SPACES
2014-2032:
17,500-24,000
~7,500 – 10,000 at potential new
stations
~10,000 – 14,000 at existing stations.
Opportunities for
shared / structured parking and joint development are
maximized at existing stations.
Ridership
Parking Supply
Strategic parking forecast (High &
Low range)
Ridership forecast
30
Implementing the Strategy – improvements to other access modes
1. Opportunities for improvements to station access infrastructure
2. Opportunities to improve local transit connections to GO Rail services
3. Program of Pilots recommended: 1. Shuttles
2. Station Travel Plans
3. Station Travel Pages
4. Station Catchment Analysis
5. Green Zone
4. Continuation of GO Programs to improve station access
➡Delivered in the short term, sustained in medium to long term
32
Lesson Learned
Establish a collaborative process at the outset:
engagement throughout the planning process
for successful delivery to ensure attractive alternatives exist - short journey times and
timely connections
The need for a strong evidence base
Develop a system-level policy before detailed station-level recommendations
Station access proposals need to be tailored to individual station contexts
Considering different geographical scales of the network - allowed trade-offs to be made at a
different levels:
system level – between rail and ‘drive all the way’
corridor level – between stations
station level – between surface access modes
Considering and integrating all modes of station access - both infrastructure and marketing
and promotion
33
www.metrolinx.com
Lisa Salsberg, Manager
Strategic Policy and Systems Planning
Lisa.salsberg@metrolinx.com
Thank you!
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