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Lewis Mumford, The Highway and the City
What is transportation for?
A good transportation system minimizes
unnecessary transportation
In other words…
A good transportation system
Provides more access with less mobility
The Key Elements of Transportation Plan for Sustainable
City
1. Uses broadly defined goals embracing economic, social and environmental outcomes
2. Plans for desired outcomes, not continuation of past trends
3. Develops solutions maximizing access, not mobility4. Gives priority treatment to the cheaper, cleaner, more
efficient mode of travel5. Provides choices through a diversity of modes to meet
different needs and suit different contexts
Biloxi 2004Biloxi c2004
Roads Slated for Expansion
Biloxi 2025
8 lanes 6 lanes 5 lanes 4 lanes
Biloxi 2025With Road Expansion
Gulfport 2004Gulfport c2004
Roads Slated for Expansion
Gulfport 2025
8 lanes 6 lanes 5 lanes 4 lanes
Gulfport 2025With Road Expansion
254 miles
How Do We Measure Success?
100%
125%
150%
1990 1995 2000 2005
Growth in Population and Traffic
50%
25%
0%
USA
100%
125%
150%
1990 1995 2000 2005
Growth in Population and Traffic
50%
25%
0%
Mississippi
Traffic Fatality in Mississippi
Traffic Fatalities per 100,000
25
15
30
6
Mississippi
Netherlands
USA
20001970
Auto Dependency in Mississippi
Environment Society EconomyLevel 13 Domains
Level 212 Elements
(Goals)
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 07 09 10 11 12
Level 319 Indicators
***
* ** ** ** ** ** * * * * *
Level 422 Variables
Each indicator is measured by one or more variables
1 Minimize consumption of renewable and non-renewable resources for transportation
2 Design transportation and place making systems to maximize land use efficiency
3 Minimize transportation and place making system’s impact on ecological systems
4 Limit transportation related wastes and pollution
18
5. Transportation system meets access needs in a way that is consistent with human health and safety
6. Planning and management of transportation system incorporates different levels of government and community input
7. Transportation and place making system facilitates social interaction and social equity
8. Transportation and place making system meets basic access needs of all individuals
19
9. Transportation is affordable for individuals
10. Transportation is efficient for movement of people and goods
11. Transportation is locally self-sufficient
12. Transportation does not contribute to economic vulnerability of society
20
BestDist. of Columbia
17.4%
Alaska 22.1%
New York 22.6%
Connecticut 22.7%
Massachusetts 22.8%
WorstMississippi 44.2%
Wyoming 38.2%
Alabama 38.1%
Montana 38.0%
Kentucky 37.7%
BestOregon 6.7
Indiana 4.7
Dist. of Columbia
3.9
Massachusetts 3.8
South Dakota 3.4
WorstMichigan 0.3
Mississippi 0.4
Alaska 0.5
Louisiana 0.7
Hawaii 0.7
Connecticut: Ranked 19th, 23 % Growth in GDP, 12% Growth in VMT
BestNew York 12.5%
Washington 13.4%
Massachusetts 14.1%
Virginia 14.1%
California 15.1%
WorstMississippi 45.4%
Montana 40.8%
Rhode Island 40.3%
North Dakota 37.3%
South Carolina 37.1%
Connecticut: Ranked 40th, 32.9 % Federal Sources
BestDist. of Columbia
0.2%
New York 1.1%
Connecticut 1.4%
Delaware 1.4%
Rhode Island 1.5%
WorstAlaska 6.0%
Mississippi 4.5%
Montana 4.0%
Wyoming 3.9%
North Dakota 3.8%
Percentage spent on transportation petroleum shown
BestDist. of Columbia
90
New York 75
Massachusetts 73
Oregon 65
Washington 65
WorstMississippi 7
Montana 21
Arkansas 28
Wyoming 29
South Carolina 29
Connecticut: Ranked 16th, Score 55
27
1. Use broadly defined goals embracing economic, social and environmental outcomes
2. Plan for desired outcomes, not continuation of past trends3. Develop solutions maximizing access, not mobility4. Give priority treatment to the cheaper, cleaner, more
efficient mode of travel5. Provide choices through a diversity of modes to meet
different needs and suit different contexts
To what extent is transportation planning in Mississippi and Kingston
consistent with the elements of sustainable transportation planning?
Building Cities
An essential challenge for building more
effective cities is to get government back
to the job of consciously
designing them
- Alexander Marshall
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