Let’s Play Hangman. What’s the Word? Two kinds of substances that dissociate into ions in...

Let’s Play HangmanLet’s Play Hangman

What’s the Word?What’s the Word? Two kinds of substances that Two kinds of substances that

dissociatedissociate into into ionsions in in solutionsolution.. These types of These types of solutionssolutions make for make for

very efficient very efficient cleaning products cleaning products and and can be found around the house.can be found around the house.

A C I D SA C I D S & & B A S E SB A S E SPlay Acids & Bases Brainpop VideoPlay My Acid Base Video

Acids & BasesAcids & Bases

1. Which of the following substances is an acid?

2. Which of the following substances is a base?

3. What is the name of this scale and what does it measure?

The pH Scale determines if aThe pH Scale determines if asubstance is an acid or a base.substance is an acid or a base.

4. What does the ‘pH’ stand for in pH scale?

The pH stands forThe pH stands for‘‘Potential of HydrogenPotential of Hydrogen’.’.

5. Would a substance be an acid or a base if it had a pH of 2?

RED SIDE = ACIDRED SIDE = ACID

6. Would a substance be an acid or a base if it had a pH of 13?

BLUE SIDE = BASE

7. What is the pHof water?

WATER = NEUTRAL

pH ScalepH Scale

• The The pH scale pH scale determines if a substance is determines if a substance is an an Acid or a BaseAcid or a Base..

• PHPH stands for ‘ stands for ‘Potential of HydrogenPotential of Hydrogen.’.’• The scale goes from The scale goes from zero to fourteenzero to fourteen..• Acids Acids are on the are on the low low endend and and basesbases are on are on

the the highhigh end of the scale. end of the scale.• Seven is the middle of the scale and is Seven is the middle of the scale and is

neutral.neutral.• Lemons are acidicLemons are acidic, with a , with a low pHlow pH..• Soap is basicSoap is basic, with a , with a high pHhigh pH..• Water is Water is neutralneutral, with a , with a pH of 7pH of 7..

• The The pH scale pH scale determines if a substance is determines if a substance is an an Acid or a BaseAcid or a Base..

• PHPH stands for ‘ stands for ‘Potential of HydrogenPotential of Hydrogen.’.’• The scale goes from The scale goes from zero to fourteenzero to fourteen..• Acids Acids are on the are on the low low endend and and basesbases are on are on

the the highhigh end of the scale. end of the scale.• Seven is the middle of the scale and is Seven is the middle of the scale and is

neutral.neutral.• Lemons are acidicLemons are acidic, with a , with a low pHlow pH..• Soap is basicSoap is basic, with a , with a high pHhigh pH..• Water is Water is neutralneutral, with a , with a pH of 7pH of 7..

Play My Acid Base Video

8. Complete the sentence.One property of acids is that they taste ___.

ACIDS TASTE SOURACIDS TASTE SOUR

Lemon Video

9. One property of basesis that they feel ___ and taste ___.

BASES ARE SLIPPERYBASES ARE SLIPPERYAND TASTE BITTERAND TASTE BITTER

Soap VideoSlippery Soap Video pH Brainpop Video

10.What substance would be good at cleaning pots and pans, without harming them?

A. pH of 2B. pH of 7C. pH of 4D. pH of 12

10.What substance would be good at cleaning pots and pans, without harming them?

11.What substance would be dissolve a nail?

12.What kind of ions dissociate when you dissolve an ACID in water?

Hydrogen IonsHydrogen Ions

Acids in Solution Video

13.What kind of ions dissociate when you dissolve a BASE in water?

Hydroxide IonsHydroxide Ions

OHOH--

Bases in Solution Video

14.A hydronium ion is just a ___ molecule with an extra hydrogen attached to it.

HH33OO++

15.What happens when you react an acid with a base?What are the products?

Acids and bases neutralize each otherAcids and bases neutralize each other

It produces water and a saltIt produces water and a salt

Neutralization VideoPlay My Acid Base Video

Properties of Acids/BasesProperties of Acids/Bases

• AcidsAcids release release positive Hydrogen ions,positive Hydrogen ions,HH++ when they when they dissociatedissociate in solution. in solution.

• AcidsAcids are called are called Hydrogen donorsHydrogen donors..• Hydrogen will attach to water to make Hydrogen will attach to water to make

Hydronium ions, HHydronium ions, H33OO++..

• BasesBases release release negative Hydroxide ions, negative Hydroxide ions, OHOH-- when they when they dissociatedissociate in solution. in solution.

• BasesBases are called are called Hydrogen acceptorsHydrogen acceptors..• Acids and bases will Acids and bases will neutralizeneutralize each other each other

to produce a to produce a salt and watersalt and water..

• AcidsAcids release release positive Hydrogen ions,positive Hydrogen ions,HH++ when they when they dissociatedissociate in solution. in solution.

• AcidsAcids are called are called Hydrogen donorsHydrogen donors..• Hydrogen will attach to water to make Hydrogen will attach to water to make

Hydronium ions, HHydronium ions, H33OO++..

• BasesBases release release negative Hydroxide ions, negative Hydroxide ions, OHOH-- when they when they dissociatedissociate in solution. in solution.

• BasesBases are called are called Hydrogen acceptorsHydrogen acceptors..• Acids and bases will Acids and bases will neutralizeneutralize each other each other

to produce a to produce a salt and watersalt and water..

Acids, Bases & pHAcids, Bases & pHSummers Eve CommercialSummers Eve Commercial

Acid/Base StrengthAcid/Base Strength

• Strong acids Strong acids have a pH from have a pH from 0-20-2..• Weak acids Weak acids have a pH from have a pH from 3-63-6..• Water is neutralWater is neutral, with a pH of , with a pH of 77..• Weak basesWeak bases have a pH from have a pH from 8-118-11..• Strong basesStrong bases have a pH from have a pH from 12-12-

1414..• The The centercenter of the scale is of the scale is weakweak..• The The edgesedges of the scale are of the scale are strongstrong..

• Strong acids Strong acids have a pH from have a pH from 0-20-2..• Weak acids Weak acids have a pH from have a pH from 3-63-6..• Water is neutralWater is neutral, with a pH of , with a pH of 77..• Weak basesWeak bases have a pH from have a pH from 8-118-11..• Strong basesStrong bases have a pH from have a pH from 12-12-

1414..• The The centercenter of the scale is of the scale is weakweak..• The The edgesedges of the scale are of the scale are strongstrong..

Play My Acid Base Video Acid Base Simulator

ACID-BASE STRENGTHACID-BASE STRENGTHHow are they the same and how are they different in the following ways?

The pH paperThe light bulb

The magnifying glassThe graph

The equation

LAUNCH ACID-BASE SIMULATOR

BASES IN ACTIONACIDS IN ACTION

Properties of STRONG AcidsProperties of STRONG Acids

HA(aq) + H2O(aq) H3O+ + A-HA(aq) + H2O(aq) H3O+ + A-

ACID =ACID =HYDROGEN DonorHYDROGEN Donor

Acids in Solution Video Play My Acid Base Video

STRONG ACIDSSTRONG ACIDS

• pHpH of of 0-2 0-2• Conducts electricity Conducts electricity very wellvery well• FullyFully dissociatesdissociates in solution in solution• Donates Hydrogen ions (HDonates Hydrogen ions (H++) ) to water,to water,

producing producing Hydronium ions (HHydronium ions (H33OO++))

• HHA + HA + H22O O HH33OO++ + A + A--

• One way process (One way process (single arrowsingle arrow))• ((aqaq) means aqueous () means aqueous (waterwater))

• pHpH of of 0-2 0-2• Conducts electricity Conducts electricity very wellvery well• FullyFully dissociatesdissociates in solution in solution• Donates Hydrogen ions (HDonates Hydrogen ions (H++) ) to water,to water,

• HHA + HA + H22O O HH33OO++ + A + A--

Properties of STRONG BasesProperties of STRONG Bases

MOH(aq) M+ + OH-MOH(aq) M+ + OH-

BASE =BASE =HYDROXIDE IonsHYDROXIDE Ions

STRONG BASESSTRONG BASES

• pH pH ofof 12-14 12-14• Conducts electricity Conducts electricity very wellvery well• Fully dissociates Fully dissociates in solutionin solution• Releases Hydroxide ions (OHReleases Hydroxide ions (OH--))

• MMOHOH M M++ + + OHOH--

• pH pH ofof 12-14 12-14• Conducts electricity Conducts electricity very wellvery well• Fully dissociates Fully dissociates in solutionin solution• Releases Hydroxide ions (OHReleases Hydroxide ions (OH--))

• MMOHOH M M++ + + OHOH--

Properties of WEAK AcidsProperties of WEAK Acids

HA(aq) + H2O(aq) H3O+ + A-HA(aq) + H2O(aq) H3O+ + A-

ACID = ACID = HYDROGEN DonorHYDROGEN Donor

Solutions Simulator

WEAK ACIDSWEAK ACIDS

• pHpH of of 3-6 3-6• Conducts electricity Conducts electricity slightlyslightly• Partially dissociates Partially dissociates in solutionin solution• Donates Hydrogen ions (HDonates Hydrogen ions (H++) ) to water,to water,

• HHA + HA + H22O O HH33OO++ + A + A--

• Two way process (Two way process (double arrowdouble arrow))

• pHpH of of 3-6 3-6• Conducts electricity Conducts electricity slightlyslightly• Partially dissociates Partially dissociates in solutionin solution• Donates Hydrogen ions (HDonates Hydrogen ions (H++) ) to water,to water,

• HHA + HA + H22O O HH33OO++ + A + A--

Properties of WEAK BasesProperties of WEAK Bases

B(aq) + H2O BH+ + OH-B(aq) + H2O BH+ + OH-

BASE =BASE =HYDROGEN AcceptorHYDROGEN Acceptor

Solutions SimulatorBases in Solution Video

WEAK BASESWEAK BASES

• pH pH ofof 8-11 8-11• Conducts electricity Conducts electricity slightlyslightly• Partially dissociates Partially dissociates in solutionin solution• Releases Hydroxide ions (OHReleases Hydroxide ions (OH--))

• B + B + HH22O O B BHH++ + + OHOH--

• pH pH ofof 8-11 8-11• Conducts electricity Conducts electricity slightlyslightly• Partially dissociates Partially dissociates in solutionin solution• Releases Hydroxide ions (OHReleases Hydroxide ions (OH--))

• B + B + HH22O O B BHH++ + + OHOH--

ACID-BASE EQUATIONSACID-BASE EQUATIONSSTRONG ACID: DISSOCIATES HYDROGEN IONS

WEAK ACID: HYRDROGEN DONOR

WEAK BASE: HYDROGEN ACCEPTOR

STRONG BASE: DISSOCIATES HYDROXIDE IONS

DISSOCIATES

+ -2 3HA + H O H O + A

DISSOCIATES

+ -MOH M OH +

PARTIALLY

DISSOCIATES

+ -2 3HA + H O H O + A

PARTIALLY

DISSOCIATES

2B + H O HB + OH

Acid Base Strengths

TestTube

CommonName

ChemicalName

Formula pH PaperColor & Number

Cabbage JuiceColor & Number

ElectricalConductivity

Weak/StrongAcid/Base

MAKE THIS DATA TABLE

pH Scale

ACID BASENUETRAL

STRONG STRONGSTRONG STRONGSTRONG STRONGSTRONG STRONGMy Acid Base Video BrainPop pH Scale

ACID BASE LAB

STRONG STRONGSTRONG STRONG

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

Lemon JuiceLemon JuiceCitric AcidCitric Acid

HH22CC66HH88OO66

WEAK ACIDWEAK ACID

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

Baking SodaBaking SodaSodium CarbonateSodium Carbonate

NaNa22COCO33

WEAK BASEWEAK BASE

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

SpriteSpriteCarbonic AcidCarbonic Acid

HH22COCO33

WEAK ACIDWEAK ACID

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

LyeLyeSodium HydroxideSodium Hydroxide

NaOHNaOH

STRONG BASESTRONG BASE

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

WineWineMalic AcidMalic Acid

HH22CC44HH44OO55

WEAK ACIDWEAK ACID

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

Stomach AcidStomach AcidHydrochloric AcidHydrochloric Acid

HClHCl

STRONG ACIDSTRONG ACID

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

Laundry DetergentLaundry DetergentCalcium HydroxideCalcium Hydroxide

Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

VinegarVinegarAcetic AcidAcetic Acid

HH22CC44HH44OO55

WEAK ACIDWEAK ACID

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

Window CleanerWindow CleanerAmmoniaAmmonia

NHNH33

WEAK BASEWEAK BASE

1 3 5 7 9 111 3 5 7 9 11

Drain CleanerDrain CleanerPotassium HydroxidePotassium Hydroxide

KOHKOH

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITYELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

• Solutions will conduct electricitySolutions will conduct electricityonly if they contain only if they contain ionsions ( (positivepositive and and negativenegative particles). particles).

• Pure Pure waterwater does not does not conduct electricity conduct electricity because it does not contain ions.because it does not contain ions.

• Sucrose (sugar) does not Sucrose (sugar) does not conduct conduct electricity because it does not contain electricity because it does not contain ions (ions (covalent moleculecovalent molecule).).

• SaltsSalts, , acidsacids and and basesbases all conduct all conduct electricity because they all release electricity because they all release ionsions in solution. in solution.

• Solutions will conduct electricitySolutions will conduct electricityonly if they contain only if they contain ionsions ( (positivepositive and and negativenegative particles). particles).

• Pure Pure waterwater does not does not conduct electricity conduct electricity because it does not contain ions.because it does not contain ions.

• Sucrose (sugar) does not Sucrose (sugar) does not conduct conduct electricity because it does not contain electricity because it does not contain ions (ions (covalent moleculecovalent molecule).).

• SaltsSalts, , acidsacids and and basesbases all conduct all conduct electricity because they all release electricity because they all release ionsions in solution. in solution. SALT/SUGAR SIMULATOR

My Acid Base

Acid Base Strengths

Can You Figure it Out?

What happens when you react an acid with a base?

ACID BASE

HH++ ClCl-- NaNa++ OHOH--

== ? + ?? + ?NaNaOHOHHHClCl

Neutralization VideoNeutralization VideoMy Acid BaseMy Acid Base

NeutralizationNeutralization

• When an When an acidacid and a and a basebase react, they react, they neutralize (cancel)neutralize (cancel) each other. each other.

• The products are The products are saltsalt and and neutral neutral waterwater (pH of 7). (pH of 7).

• When an When an acidacid and a and a basebase react, they react, they neutralize (cancel)neutralize (cancel) each other. each other.

• The products are The products are saltsalt and and neutral neutral waterwater (pH of 7). (pH of 7).

HCl + NaOH = H2O + NaClHCl + NaOH = H2O + NaCl

ACIDACID BASEBASE

LESSON SUMMARYLESSON SUMMARY

Identify the Main Topic.Identify the Main Topic.The topic we learned in chemistry today The topic we learned in chemistry today was __________, which is caused by…was __________, which is caused by…

Give an example of the topic.Give an example of the topic.For instance, _____ is a good example of For instance, _____ is a good example of the topicthe topic because… because…

Explain additional details of your example.Explain additional details of your example.Furthermore, Furthermore, your exampleyour example shows shows the topicthe topic because it demonstrates…because it demonstrates…

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