CHEMISTRY

Unit 10 Notes:Acid & Base Stuff

(1) Acids• Release H+ (hydrogen ions) when they

dissociate in water.

• Common Characteristics:–pH = 0-6–Indicator Colors = Reds, Oranges, Yellows

(2) Bases• Release OH- (hydroxide ions) when they

dissociate in water.

• Common Characteristics:–pH = 8-14–Indicator Colors = Blues, Purples

(3) Arrhenius Acids & Bases• States that…–Acids add H+ ions to an aqueous solution.–Bases add OH- ions to an aqueous solution.

(4) Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases

• States that…– Acids donate protons (H+ ions) to another substance.– Bases remove protons (H+ ions) to another substance.

(5) Strong & Weak Acids/Bases• Strong = Fully dissociates in solution.

• Weak = Partially dissociates in solution.

(6) pH Scale• Acids:– Higher concentration of H+ ions = Lower pH– Lower concentration of H+ ions = Higher pH

• Bases:– Higher concentration of OH- ions in solution = Higher

pH– Lower concentration of OH- ions = Lower pH

• Neutral Substances:– Have an equal concentration of H’s and OH’s

(7) Dilutions• Dilute = To add water to a solution.

(“Watering it down”.)

• When you dilute something….–Decreases the concentration of the

acid/base.–Solution gets closer to a pH of 7 (neutral)