Lac Operon Gene Regulation in action. What is gene regulation Expressing a gene –Making the...

Lac Operon

Gene Regulation in action

What is gene regulation

• Expressing a gene– Making the protein for the gene

• Only making a protein when needed

• The process for determining when transcription occurs– or what factors determine that

Introns and Exons

• Eukaryotic DNA differs from prokaryotic DNA it that the coding sequences along the gene are interspersed with noncoding sequences

• The coding sequences are called

• EXONS

• The non coding sequences are called

• INTRONS

Lac Operon

• Found in E. Coli– Bacteria– Prokaryote

• Determines the balance between enzyme and substrate

• What really happens when we make protein?- requirements– Amino acids, transcription, translation- don’t

forget ATP

Lac Operon

• Waste of energy?– You bet!

• How do we make sure we can make proteins only when we need them– How do we get lights only when we need

them – How do we get electricity in this thing

Lac Operon

• Reminder about bacteria– Bacteria- 1 chromosome– Bacteria- one strand– DNA is circular

Lac Operon

• Many of our old buddies are still around– DNA– RNA– Factors– Helicase

- Polymerase

Video Time!

New Terms

• Promoter region– Place upstream important for binding in

• Controller/operator regions– Where Operon binds in

• Lactose– the sugar

Enzymes

• Permease– Protein allow items into the cell

• Beta-galactosidase– Breaks down glucose

• Transacetylase- ?

Look at the DNALook at the DNA

Promoter Promoter RegionRegion

Operator Operator SequenceSequence

Coding Coding RegionRegion

Terminator Terminator SequenceSequence

DNA DNA SequenceSequence

Lac Operon in actionLac Operon in action

ATATATATATATATATATATATATAGGGGGCCGGGGCGGGGGATATCGCATACAGG

TATATATATATATATATATATATATCCCCCGGCCCCGCCCCCCTATAGCGTATGTCC

If there is no lactose present, the inhibitor is bound to the operator (Operon) sequence.

No space for polymerase to reach where it needs to.

InhibitorInhibitor

InhibitorInhibitorRNA RNA POLPOL

Lactose solution added

What’s Lactose again?

Lactose solution added

Lactose binds to the inhibitor

Lactose causes inhibitor no longer bind to the operator sequence

RNA RNA POLPOL

InhibitorInhibitor

RNA Polymerase can now transcribe

RNA RNA POLPOL

InhibitorInhibitor

RNA Polymerase can now transcribe

RNA RNA POLPOL

CCCCCGCCCCCGCCCCCUAUCCCCCGCCCCCGCCCCCUAURNA

Three mRNA “recipes” are made

• Permease– Protein allow items into the cell

• Beta-galactosidase– Breaks down glucose

• Transacetylase

• They also get translated!

Transcription continues to occur until lactose levels get low in the solution

RNA RNA POLPOL

CCCCCGCCCCCGCCCCCUAUCCCCCGCCCCCGCCCCCUAURNA

Transcription continues to occur until lactose levels get low in the solution

Then the inhibitor binds back into the operator sequence

RNA RNA POLPOL

InhibitorInhibitor

The End

Lac Operon Gene Regulation in action. What is gene regulation Expressing a gene –Making the...

Documents

Regulation of Gene Expression Bacterial Gene Regulation Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

Current Major Advances in the Regulation of Milk Protein Gene Expression

Gene regulation

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Gene Regulation - Signalling. Efficiency Poor RBS Sequestering Riboswitches Stringent Response Transcription Replication Translation DNA mRNA Protein

Unit 7: Signal Transduction. Multi-Step Regulation of Gene Expression DNA Primary RNA transcript mRNA Degraded mRNA Protein Active Protein Degraded Proteinn

MUC8 Protein Structure and Transcription Regulation Mechanism … · 2019-06-28 · MUC8 Protein Structure and Transcription Regulation Mechanism by the Analysis of MUC8 Gene and

Gene Regulation. Regulation in Prokaryotes Gene Expression = gene to protein processing that functions within cells. Regulation = We are talking about

16 Regulation of Gene Expression - api.ning.comapi.ning.com/.../Ch16RegulationofGeneExpression.pdf · 16 Regulation of Gene Expression Gene expression,the generation of a protein

Gene regulation. Gene regulation NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM R. S. Winning, 2003

Gene Regulation 1 CHAPTER 15 REGULATION OF GENE ACTIVITY

Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression · PDF fileChapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression 1. Gene Regulation in Bacteria 2. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 3. Gene Regulation in

From Gene to Protein Transcription and Translation Mechanisms of Regulation DNA RNA Protein Transcription Translation

DNA & genetic information DNA replication Protein synthesis Gene regulation & expression DNA structure DNA as a carrier Gene concept Definition Models

REGULATION OF THE HUNTINGTIN INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (HIP1) GENE

Posttranscriptional Regulation of HIV-1 Gene …Posttranscriptional Regulation of HIV-1 Gene Expression during Replication and Reactivation from Latency by Nuclear Matrix Protein MATR3

Gene regulation Lecture No 5: Protein folding and Ubiquitination

Structure & concept of gene, One gene one enzyme hypothesis, Genetic Code PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, Regulation of gene expression Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee

12-5 GENE REGULATION. I. GENE REGULATION: AN EXAMPLE

Biology 10.2 Gene Regulation and Structure Gene Regulation and Structure