KEEP IT PEST-FREE

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KEEP IT PEST-FREESteps to Healthier Homes

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Name three illnesses or injuries associated with pest infestation.

Identify three clues of pest infestation.

Identify the three strategies associated with an IPM approach.

Name two illegal pesticides that may be used in the home.

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HEALTH EFFECTS OF PESTS

AsthmaInfectious diseases

Health effects greater on children

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HEALTH EFFECTS OF PESTS

Exposure to Pest AllergensPest Pathway Allergen

Dust Mite Feces Der p 1

Cockroaches Feces Bla g 1 & 2

Mice Urine MUP

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HEALTH EFFECTS OF PESTS

Bites Common CulpritsRabies

Mosquito bites

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HEALTH EFFECTS OF PESTS

Rat Bites

Rat bites, multiple

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THE ATOPIC TRIANGLEAsthma, Allergies and Eczema

Atopic: pertaining to a genetic

predisposition for hypersensitivity to

environmental triggers

Asthma

Rhinitis

Atopic Triangle

Eczema

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Pests

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) producing conditions

Conditions interact/trigger; commonly coexist

Environmental conditions trump genetics

Hygiene hypothesis

THE ATOPIC TRIANGLEAsthma, Allergies and Eczema

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ANOTHER TRIANGLE…

The Pest Triangle

Water

Food

Conducive Conditions

Nest/Hide

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HOW COMMON ARE PESTS?

American Housing Survey (2009)

All Housing• 0.6% Rats• 5.5% Mice

Low Income Housing• 0.9% Rats• 9.2% Mice

Rat feces in insulation

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HOW COMMON ARE PESTS?

Philadelphia, 200762% Cockroaches 72% Mice

National 2002-200633% Rat allergens (inner-city)63% Mice allergens

(95% low-income)

85%Cockroach allergens Roach frass under sink

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HOW DO WE CONTROL THEM?

PreventionSanitationPhysical controlsOngoing monitoring

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INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

Best practiceMultiple tacticsEffective controlLeast risk to the environmentLeast exposure of non-target organismsEconomic sustainability

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REDUCE PESTICIDE USE

Pest pressure can drive people to unsafe use of pesticides.• Too much• Too many• Wrong kind – unsafe & Illegal

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PESTICIDES AND POISONINGS

16,000 pesticide exposures requiring treatment reported (2007)

Pesticides usually stored within reach of children

95% of children poisoned were under age 6

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THE IPM PYRAMID Page 6.8

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IPM V. CONVENTIONAL PEST CONTROL

Activities Conventional IPMProgram Strategy Reactive

pest controlPreventive pest control

Resident Education Minimal Extensive

Spraying & Fogging Extensive Rare

Rodent/bird control Poisons Exclusion/ Trapping

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HUD GUIDANCE ON IPM (2011) Communication Environmental conditions Identification and reporting Ongoing monitoring,

reporting and tracking Action levels Waste management

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HUD GUIDANCE ON IPM (2011) Appropriate pesticides Exclusion & denial Educational outreach State laws on used furnishings Use least-risk pesticides when

necessary Pesticide-use notification

signs

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CHANGE THE HABITAT

Don’t just kill, change “conditions conducive” to pests

Reduce the carrying capacity of the environment

Popu

latio

n

Time

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IPM: STEP-BY-STEPInspection & IdentificationExclusion & DenialEducationSanitationPhysical controlMonitoring

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1. INSPECTION & IDENTIFICATION

Thorough inspection Identification of pests found

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The pestDroppingsNests and burrowsFood and water sourcesHidden placesNear entry holesWarm cavities for insects

SEE THE CREATURE, BE THE CREATUREWhat to look for and where to look

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A PERSON’S VIEWPage 6.11

A COCKROACH’S VIEWPage 6.12

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A COCKROACH’S VIEWPage 6.12

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Rat burrow entrance

Rat proofing did not work here…

Get down on the ground and look under the pipe…

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2. EXCLUSION AND DENIAL

Stoppage InspectionHoles filledStuff-ItSilicone CaulkSpackle, etc

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3. EDUCATIONUnderstand pestsControl – what, how, and whenSafe vs. unsafe practicesEducating residentsChoosing PCO’sTraining PCO’s

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4. SANITATION

FoodWaterHarborage

Photo: City of Houston Bureau of Children’s and Environmental Health

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WATEREssential for insects & rats, but not for mice or bedbugsMosquitoesStructural damage

Photo: City of Houston Bureau of Children’s and Environmental Health

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5. PHYSICAL CONTROL

Identify & assess problemSame strategy Different tactics – pest specific

Photo: City of Houston Bureau of Children’s and Environmental Health

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REDUCE EXPOSURE

Roach baitsGelsDustsGlueboards and Snap Traps

Choose safer products

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ILLEGAL AND RISKY PESTICIDES

Pesticides that look like candy - mothballs“Miraculous” Chinese Insecticide chalk “Tres Pasitos”Many pesticide have been withdrawn

candy!

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FEDERAL PESTICIDE LAW

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

Administered by EPAPesticide – Broad term No pesticides are safe – some are low-riskThe label is the law

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ARE THESE LABELS?Page 6.19

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EPA PESTICIDE PRODUCT LABELS

Product NameEPA Reg. No.Ingredients

ActiveInert / Other

“Keep Out of Reach of Children” First AidNet contents

Signal Word:CautionWarningDanger

Poison – skull & crossbones

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6. MONITORINGKeep looking for pestsSpot reinfestationsPlace in corners

Behind appliancesUnder sinkUnder cover!

Do date & markDon’t disturb

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MONITORING FOR RODENTS

Similar to insects – use snap traps or glue-boardsPlace in corners, along runways, in tight dark spacesCheck dailyIncrease trapping if monitors indicate activityAlways have monitors for insects and rodents in place

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KNOW YOUR PESTSKeep it Pest-Free

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COCKROACHESIdentification & biology Life cycle: DiseasesKey harborage sites

German cockroach life cycle

Pest cockroaches of North America

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DOING ROACHES THE IPM WAY

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FRASSDoor

Under a cabinet shelf

Behind the wall clock

Wall clock

Behindwallpaper

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COCKROACH CONTROL

Habitat modification MonitorsDust and caulkBaits and gelsInsect growth regulatorsSticky traps

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RODENT CONTROLRodents are mammals like usThink like a rodentNot all rodents are the same

Mice – curious & persistentRats – cautious & smartSquirrels - outdoors

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Young Rat

House Mouse

FEET HEAD

large large

small small

1/4" 3/4"

RODENT IDENTIFICATION

•House Mouse• Also: White Footed, Deer •Norway Rat•Brown rat, Wharf, Sewer, etc•Roof Rat•Black rat• Also: Cane rat, etc.• Squirrel• Groundhogs, etc.

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RODENT REPRODUCTION

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HOW TO TRAP A RAT AND A MOUSEDemo

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THINGS THAT DON’T WORK

Contact spraysFoggersMothballsUltrasonic'sDryer sheets, etc.

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THINGS THAT MAY WORK, BUT…

Essential oils and cleanersCarbon dioxide trapsKeroseneHomemade traps and gadgetsWhat have you seen?

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BED BUGS - DON’T PANIC

Can be avoided and eliminatedEvery skin irritation or bite is not bed bugsYou can see them.Do not cause or spread diseases.Heat and/or steam can kill them.Protocols and communication key to control

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BEDBUGS

Identify properly – don’t assumeLife cycle

Photo credit: Changlu Wang & John Obermeyer/Rutgers University

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BEDBUGS - CONTROLExclusionPreparationTraps – interceptors

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BED BUG - TREATMENTInspectionVacuumHeat or coldPesticides by PCO onlyRe-inspection & retreatmentEncasements & interceptors

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ExterminationInfestation

308.1 Infestation302.5 Rodent harborage304.14 Insect screens308.2 Owner308.3 Single occupant308.4 Multiple occupancy308.5 Occupant.

CODE REQUIREMENTSCode requirements related to pests

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RESOURCESCooperative Extension ServicesState Pesticide Regulator for Pest Control Applicators/Operators

Often at universities

www.ehw.orgwww.nchh.org/Training/IntegratedPestManagementIPM.aspx

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KEY MESSAGESPests can create allergens and be vectors of disease.Control of pests through pesticides can lead to poisonings and other neurological problems. Some pesticides found in homes have been banned.Make house less hospitable for pests. Prevent entry, control food, water, and places for shelter. Integrated Pest Management is the recommended strategy.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Name three illnesses or injuries associated with pest infestation.

Identify three clues of pest infestation.

Identify the three strategies associated with an IPM approach.

Name two illegal pesticides that may be used in the home.

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