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This costimulator is expressed by professional APCs including B cells,
dendritic cells, and macrophages and binds to molecules on T cells called
CD28.
This costimulator is expressed by professional APCs including B cells,
dendritic cells, and macrophages and binds to molecules on T cells called
CD28.
What is B7 OR B7.1 or B7.2?
What is B7 OR B7.1 or B7.2?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These cells regulate the infiltration of leukocytes into
inflammatoryreactions.
These cells regulate the infiltration of leukocytes into
inflammatoryreactions.
What are venular endothelial cells?What are venular endothelial cells?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This complement component can mimic immediate
hypersensitivity reactions bydirectly causing mast cell
degranulation.
This complement component can mimic immediate
hypersensitivity reactions bydirectly causing mast cell
degranulation.
What is C5a?What is C5a?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This immunosuppressive drug inhibits transcription of the IL-2
gene.
This immunosuppressive drug inhibits transcription of the IL-2
gene.
What is cyclosporin A?
What is cyclosporin A?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
To avoid hypeacute rejection of grafts, efforts must be made to
ensure thatdonor and recipient match with
respect to these antigens.
To avoid hypeacute rejection of grafts, efforts must be made to
ensure thatdonor and recipient match with
respect to these antigens.
What are the ABO blood group antigens?
What are the ABO blood group antigens?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This rare renal complication is caused by human immune
complex disease andfollows infection with a gram-
positive organism.
This rare renal complication is caused by human immune
complex disease andfollows infection with a gram-
positive organism.
What is post -streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
What is post -streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Affinity maturation in B cells mainly occurs in these lymphoid
structures.
Affinity maturation in B cells mainly occurs in these lymphoid
structures.
What are germinal centers?What are germinal centers?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The migration of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs
occurs throughthese.
The migration of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs
occurs throughthese.
What are high endothelial venules OR What are HEV?What are high endothelial venules OR What are HEV?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Centrocytes binding antigen and either complement or CD23 on
foliculardendritic cells are induced to express
this surface determinant to ensuretheir survival.
Centrocytes binding antigen and either complement or CD23 on
foliculardendritic cells are induced to express
this surface determinant to ensuretheir survival.
What is BCL-2?What is BCL-2?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The distribution of variable residues in immunoglobulin that
yieldsvariability can be measured using this famous plotting
method.
The distribution of variable residues in immunoglobulin that
yieldsvariability can be measured using this famous plotting
method.
What is Wu and Kabot?What is Wu and Kabot?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This type of immunity is present at birth and does not exhibit
specificityfor a foreign antigen.
This type of immunity is present at birth and does not exhibit
specificityfor a foreign antigen.
What is innate immunity ?
What is innate immunity ?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These low molecular weight compounds are not
immunogenic by themselves butcan become immunogenic if they are coupled to a higher
molecular weightcompound.
These low molecular weight compounds are not
immunogenic by themselves butcan become immunogenic if they are coupled to a higher
molecular weightcompound.
What are haptens?What are haptens?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
A secondary, anamnestic immune response occurs more
rapidly than a primaryimmune response because of the presence of these cells.
A secondary, anamnestic immune response occurs more
rapidly than a primaryimmune response because of the presence of these cells.
What are memory cells ?
What are memory cells ?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This process refers to the coating of antigen by antibody
or complement tofacilitate phagocytosis.
This process refers to the coating of antigen by antibody
or complement tofacilitate phagocytosis.
What is opsonization?
What is opsonization?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The classical and alternate pathways of complement
converge on whichcomponent of complement.
The classical and alternate pathways of complement
converge on whichcomponent of complement.
What is C3?What is C3?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This immunodeficiency is associated with the failure of B
cells to mature.
This immunodeficiency is associated with the failure of B
cells to mature.
What is Bruton's agammaglobulinemia or X-
linked agammaglobulinemia?
What is Bruton's agammaglobulinemia or X-
linked agammaglobulinemia?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This molecule consist of an a chain non covalently associated
to B2microglobulin.
This molecule consist of an a chain non covalently associated
to B2microglobulin.
What is Class I MHC(major histocompatibility
complex)?
What is Class I MHC(major histocompatibility
complex)?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These cells are said to be restricted by MHC class I
molecules.
These cells are said to be restricted by MHC class I
molecules.
What are CD8 T cells?What are CD8 T cells?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These are the major cytokines produced by CD4 TH2 cells.
These are the major cytokines produced by CD4 TH2 cells.
What are IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13
(Interleukin 4, 5,10, and 13)?
What are IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13
(Interleukin 4, 5,10, and 13)?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
A 9 month old baby was vaccinated against smallpox with attenuated smallpox virus. He developed a
progressive necrotic lesion of the skin, muscles, and subcutaneous tissue at
the site of inoculation. A deficiency of these
cells might account for this reaction.
A 9 month old baby was vaccinated against smallpox with attenuated smallpox virus. He developed a
progressive necrotic lesion of the skin, muscles, and subcutaneous tissue at
the site of inoculation. A deficiency of these
cells might account for this reaction.
What are T cells?What are T cells?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This type of hypersensitivity can lead to the development of
granulomas.
This type of hypersensitivity can lead to the development of
granulomas.
What is delayed type hypersensitivity (or
hypersensitivity type IV)?
What is delayed type hypersensitivity (or
hypersensitivity type IV)?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This disease is characterized by IgM antibodies present in
synovial fluidswhich have specificity for the heavy chain of IgG antibodies.
This disease is characterized by IgM antibodies present in
synovial fluidswhich have specificity for the heavy chain of IgG antibodies.
What is Rhematoid Arthritis?
What is Rhematoid Arthritis?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The following may result when a T cell recognizes an antigen in
the absenceof co-stimulation.
The following may result when a T cell recognizes an antigen in
the absenceof co-stimulation.
What is T cell anergy ?
What is T cell anergy ?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This is the site of somatic mutation and immunoglobulin
heavy chain classswitching.
This is the site of somatic mutation and immunoglobulin
heavy chain classswitching.
What is the germinal center ?
What is the germinal center ?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Receptors for the C1 component of complement are found on
these two classesof immunoglobulin.
Receptors for the C1 component of complement are found on
these two classesof immunoglobulin.
What are IgM and IgG?
What are IgM and IgG?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This is the predominant isotype of an antibody produced in a
primaryimmunization.
This is the predominant isotype of an antibody produced in a
primaryimmunization.
What is IgM ?What is IgM ?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Alternative RNA splicing enables a B cell to co-express these two
antibodies on a B cell simultaneously.
Alternative RNA splicing enables a B cell to co-express these two
antibodies on a B cell simultaneously.
What are IgM and IgD?
What are IgM and IgD?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This assay measures the clumping together of an
antibody with a particulateantigen.
This assay measures the clumping together of an
antibody with a particulateantigen.
What is an agglutination
reaction?
What is an agglutination
reaction?WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
A solid phase immunoassay which is commonly used in
clinical laboratoriesto detect the presence of
antibodies to gp120 in a serum sample.
A solid phase immunoassay which is commonly used in
clinical laboratoriesto detect the presence of
antibodies to gp120 in a serum sample.
What is an ELISA?What is an ELISA?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These molecules generally present exogenously derived
peptides frombacterial antigens to CD4 T cells.
These molecules generally present exogenously derived
peptides frombacterial antigens to CD4 T cells.
What are Class II MHC (major histocompatibility )
molecules?
What are Class II MHC (major histocompatibility )
molecules?WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This autoimmune disease is mediated by antibodies to acetylcholine receptors.
This autoimmune disease is mediated by antibodies to acetylcholine receptors.
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This reaction commonly occurs when bone marrow cells are
transplanted into an immunocompromised host.
This reaction commonly occurs when bone marrow cells are
transplanted into an immunocompromised host.
What is a graft-versus-host (GVH)
reaction?
What is a graft-versus-host (GVH)
reaction?WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
A 7 month old baby has a history of repeated ear infections and bacterialinfections, and has been hospitalized
with pneumonia twice. The babylikely has a deficiency of these cells.
A 7 month old baby has a history of repeated ear infections and bacterialinfections, and has been hospitalized
with pneumonia twice. The babylikely has a deficiency of these cells.
What are B cells?What are B cells?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These molecules are co-dominantly expressed on cells.
These molecules are co-dominantly expressed on cells.
What are MHC (major histocompatibility)
molecules?
What are MHC (major histocompatibility)
molecules?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The process whereby T cells learn to respond to antigen in
the context ofself MHC?
The process whereby T cells learn to respond to antigen in
the context ofself MHC?
What is MHC restriction?What is MHC restriction?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This substance enhances the immune response to an antigen
but does notconfer immunogenicity to a
hapten.
This substance enhances the immune response to an antigen
but does notconfer immunogenicity to a
hapten.
What is an adjuvant?What is an adjuvant?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These antigens bind outside the peptide binding groove on MHC class IImolecules and activate a family of T
cells.
These antigens bind outside the peptide binding groove on MHC class IImolecules and activate a family of T
cells.
What are superantigens?
What are superantigens?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
A state of non responsiveness to antigen.
A state of non responsiveness to antigen.
What is anergy?What is anergy?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The site of T cell education.The site of T cell education.
What is the thymus?
What is the thymus?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This type of hypersensitivity reaction is produced by the local formation
of antigen-antibody aggregates which activate the complement cascade andcause acute intradermal inflammation.
This type of hypersensitivity reaction is produced by the local formation
of antigen-antibody aggregates which activate the complement cascade andcause acute intradermal inflammation.
What is the Arthus reaction?
What is the Arthus reaction?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This drug inhibits mast cell degranulation.
This drug inhibits mast cell degranulation.
What is sodium cromoglycate?What is sodium cromoglycate?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This cytokine is the principal mediator of the response to
gram negativebacteria. Its major cell source is
the activated phagocyte.
This cytokine is the principal mediator of the response to
gram negativebacteria. Its major cell source is
the activated phagocyte.
What is TNF?What is TNF?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This TH1 cytokine is a potent activator of macrophages and
upregulates theexpression of Class I and Class II MHC molecules on a variety of
celltypes.
This TH1 cytokine is a potent activator of macrophages and
upregulates theexpression of Class I and Class II MHC molecules on a variety of
celltypes.
What is IFN-g ?What is IFN-g ?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This motif which is found in the cytoplasmic domains of CD3 proteins
and inIga and IgB has important signaling
functions.
This motif which is found in the cytoplasmic domains of CD3 proteins
and inIga and IgB has important signaling
functions.
What is the immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motifs
(ITAM)?
What is the immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motifs
(ITAM)? WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This immunosuppressive drug acts by specifically interfering
with theprotein kinases involved in IL-2/IL-2 receptor signaling.
This immunosuppressive drug acts by specifically interfering
with theprotein kinases involved in IL-2/IL-2 receptor signaling.What is Rapamycin
?What is Rapamycin
?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is induced by transfer
of maternalantibodies of this isotype.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is induced by transfer
of maternalantibodies of this isotype.
What are IgGs?What are IgGs?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This refers to the increase in the affinity of antibodies produced
duringthe course of a humoral immune
response.
This refers to the increase in the affinity of antibodies produced
duringthe course of a humoral immune
response.
What is affinity maturation ?
What is affinity maturation ?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Cytotoxic T cell lysis of target cells is mediated by the release
of thesesubstances from granules.
Cytotoxic T cell lysis of target cells is mediated by the release
of thesesubstances from granules.
What are perforin and granzyme B?What are perforin and granzyme B?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The process whereby Natural Killer cells can lyse antibody
coated target cells.
The process whereby Natural Killer cells can lyse antibody
coated target cells.
What is antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
What is antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The phenomenon whereby a B cell produces an antibody of a
singlespecificity only.
The phenomenon whereby a B cell produces an antibody of a
singlespecificity only.
What is allelic exclusion?
What is allelic exclusion?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This disease arises as a consequence of a deficiency of
C1 inhibitor (C1INH).
This disease arises as a consequence of a deficiency of
C1 inhibitor (C1INH).
What is Hereditary angioneurotic
edema?
What is Hereditary angioneurotic
edema?WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This is the process in which thymocytes whose TCRs bind
with high avidityto self MHC complexed with
antigen are eliminated.
This is the process in which thymocytes whose TCRs bind
with high avidityto self MHC complexed with
antigen are eliminated.
What is negative selection (or apoptosis)?
What is negative selection (or apoptosis)?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The ribbon like deposit of antibody along kidney basement
membranesis is characteristic of this disease.
The ribbon like deposit of antibody along kidney basement
membranesis is characteristic of this disease.
What is Goodpasture's
syndrome?
What is Goodpasture's
syndrome?WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This receptor/ligand pair can mediate activation induced cell
death inT and B cells.
This receptor/ligand pair can mediate activation induced cell
death inT and B cells.
What is Fas/FasL (ligand)?
What is Fas/FasL (ligand)?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The interaction of this receptor/ligand pair is involved
in immunoglobulinheavy chain class switching.
The interaction of this receptor/ligand pair is involved
in immunoglobulinheavy chain class switching.
What is CD40/CD40L (ligand)?
What is CD40/CD40L (ligand)?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These cells constitute less than 5% of the peripheral T cell
population andthey appear in the thymus
before aB expressing T cells appear.
These cells constitute less than 5% of the peripheral T cell
population andthey appear in the thymus
before aB expressing T cells appear.
What are gd (gamma-delta) T
cells?
What are gd (gamma-delta) T
cells?WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This zeta associated tyrosine kinase is involved in T cell
signaling.
This zeta associated tyrosine kinase is involved in T cell
signaling.
What is Zap-70?What is Zap-70?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
While eating peanut butter cookies, an 8 year old boy began vomiting, had
difficulty in breathing and developed a swollen face. He was immediately
rushed to the hospital and was unconscious upon arrival. His bloodpressure was dangerously low. The most likely diagnosis of the child's
symptoms is?
While eating peanut butter cookies, an 8 year old boy began vomiting, had
difficulty in breathing and developed a swollen face. He was immediately
rushed to the hospital and was unconscious upon arrival. His bloodpressure was dangerously low. The most likely diagnosis of the child's
symptoms is?
What is anaphylactic shock?What is anaphylactic shock?WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
What should the child immediately be injected with in
order to raise hisblood pressure and facilitate his
breathing?
What should the child immediately be injected with in
order to raise hisblood pressure and facilitate his
breathing?What is
epinephrine?What is
epinephrine?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The symptoms that this child was experiencing were precipitated by
therelease of granules from this cell
type.
The symptoms that this child was experiencing were precipitated by
therelease of granules from this cell
type.
What are mast cells and/or basophils?
What are mast cells and/or basophils?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This membrane molecule has a cytoplasmic tail with two protein tyrosine phosphatase domains, which are thought to catalyze
dephosphorylation of a tyrosine residue of p56lck and p59fyn.
This membrane molecule has a cytoplasmic tail with two protein tyrosine phosphatase domains, which are thought to catalyze
dephosphorylation of a tyrosine residue of p56lck and p59fyn.
What is CD45?What is CD45?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
About 90-99% of the peripheral T cells express this type of T cell
receptor.
About 90-99% of the peripheral T cells express this type of T cell
receptor.
What is abTCR?What is abTCR?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Macrophages in the kidney are called by this name.
Macrophages in the kidney are called by this name.
What are Kupffer cells?What are Kupffer cells?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This substance nonspecifically enhances or potentiates the
immune response to an antigen.
This substance nonspecifically enhances or potentiates the
immune response to an antigen.
What is an adjuvant?What is an adjuvant?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This is the invarient subunit that is associated with the
polymorphic a chain to form class I MHC molecule.
This is the invarient subunit that is associated with the
polymorphic a chain to form class I MHC molecule.
What is b2-microglobulin?
What is b2-microglobulin?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The phosphatase calcineurin dephosphorylates a cytoplasmic component of this transcription
factor.
The phosphatase calcineurin dephosphorylates a cytoplasmic component of this transcription
factor.
What is NFATc?What is NFATc?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This molecule is expressed by both resting and activated T
cells and binds with B moleculeon APC.
This molecule is expressed by both resting and activated T
cells and binds with B moleculeon APC.
What is CD28?What is CD28?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
In this specific process, Natural Killer (NK) cells bind to
antitumor antibodies bound to the surface of the tumor cells
and lyse them.
In this specific process, Natural Killer (NK) cells bind to
antitumor antibodies bound to the surface of the tumor cells
and lyse them.
What is Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated
Cytotoxicity, ADCC?
What is Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated
Cytotoxicity, ADCC?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Phosphorylation of this allows it to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol
4, 5- bisphosphate ( PIP2) into IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate)
and DAG (diacylglycerol)
Phosphorylation of this allows it to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol
4, 5- bisphosphate ( PIP2) into IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate)
and DAG (diacylglycerol)
What is PLC-g1?What is PLC-g1?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This reaction develops when a graft contains
immunocompetent T cells that recognize and attack the
reciepient=s cells.
This reaction develops when a graft contains
immunocompetent T cells that recognize and attack the
reciepient=s cells.What is graft versus
host disease?What is graft versus
host disease?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Regions of vascular endothelium found in postcapillary venules of
various lymphoid organs that are composed of specialized
cells with plump cuboidal shape.
Regions of vascular endothelium found in postcapillary venules of
various lymphoid organs that are composed of specialized
cells with plump cuboidal shape.
What are called high endothelial venules?What are called high endothelial venules?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These small peptides attract different types of leukocytes and
regulate the expression and conformation of adhesion molecules on leukocyte
membranes.
These small peptides attract different types of leukocytes and
regulate the expression and conformation of adhesion molecules on leukocyte
membranes.
What are chemokines?
What are chemokines?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
MIP-1a and MIP-1b belong to this subgroup of chemokines.
MIP-1a and MIP-1b belong to this subgroup of chemokines.
What is C-C subgroup of chemokines?
What is C-C subgroup of chemokines?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
IL-8 belongs to this subgroup of chemokines.
IL-8 belongs to this subgroup of chemokines.
What is C-X-C subgroup?What is C-X-C subgroup?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This is Type II hypersensitive reaction in which maternal antibodies against fetal Rh
antigens cause hemolysis of the erythrocytes of a newborn.
This is Type II hypersensitive reaction in which maternal antibodies against fetal Rh
antigens cause hemolysis of the erythrocytes of a newborn.
What is Erythroblastosis fetalis?
What is Erythroblastosis fetalis?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Of the DNA binding proteins, only this is T cell specific.
Of the DNA binding proteins, only this is T cell specific.
What is NFAT?What is NFAT?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Diacylglycerol (DAG) activates protein kinase C (PKC) which mediates the release of this
transcription factor.
Diacylglycerol (DAG) activates protein kinase C (PKC) which mediates the release of this
transcription factor.
What is NF-kB?What is NF-kB?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Naive T cells and memory T cells are distinguished by these surface molecules using
immunofluorescence.
Naive T cells and memory T cells are distinguished by these surface molecules using
immunofluorescence.
What are CD45RA and CD45RO respectively?
What are CD45RA and CD45RO respectively?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This T helper subset functions more effectively as a helper for
B cell activation.
This T helper subset functions more effectively as a helper for
B cell activation.
What is Th2 subset?
What is Th2 subset?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This cytokine is secreted by activated macrophages in response to bacterial or
protozoan infections, which induces proliferation of NK cells
and Th1 cells resulting in incresed IFN-g production.
This cytokine is secreted by activated macrophages in response to bacterial or
protozoan infections, which induces proliferation of NK cells
and Th1 cells resulting in incresed IFN-g production.
What is IL-12?What is IL-12?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Inositol Triphosphate (IP3) triggers an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and
subsequent activation of this calmodulin-dependent
phosphatase.
Inositol Triphosphate (IP3) triggers an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and
subsequent activation of this calmodulin-dependent
phosphatase.
What is calcineurin?
What is calcineurin?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The transient increase in the number of circulating
neutrophils to indicate the presence of an infection is
medically denoted by this name.
The transient increase in the number of circulating
neutrophils to indicate the presence of an infection is
medically denoted by this name.What is
Leukocytosis?What is
Leukocytosis?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
In the endocytotic pathway, within the endoplasmic
reticulum (RER), class II MHC molecules are associated with this, which blocks binding of
peptide.
In the endocytotic pathway, within the endoplasmic
reticulum (RER), class II MHC molecules are associated with this, which blocks binding of
peptide.
What is Invariant Chain?
What is Invariant Chain?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Bacterial septic shock develops when bacterial cell wall endotoxins stimulate
macrophages to overproduce these inflammatory cytokines.
Bacterial septic shock develops when bacterial cell wall endotoxins stimulate
macrophages to overproduce these inflammatory cytokines.
What are IL-1 and TNF-a?
What are IL-1 and TNF-a?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This is a potent proteolytic enzyme that breaks down fibrin clots in to degradation products.
This is a potent proteolytic enzyme that breaks down fibrin clots in to degradation products.
What is plasmin?What is plasmin?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
These strands criss-cross one another to form a clot which
serves as barrier to the spread of infection.
These strands criss-cross one another to form a clot which
serves as barrier to the spread of infection.
What are fibrin strands?
What are fibrin strands?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This end product of the kinin system is a potent vasoactive basic peptide that increases
vascular permeability, causes vasodilation, induces pain, and induces contraction of smooth
muscle.
This end product of the kinin system is a potent vasoactive basic peptide that increases
vascular permeability, causes vasodilation, induces pain, and induces contraction of smooth
muscle.What is
bradykinin?What is
bradykinin?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Prostaglandins are produced by the metabolism of this via the
cyclooxygenase pathway.
Prostaglandins are produced by the metabolism of this via the
cyclooxygenase pathway.
What is Arachidonic acid?
What is Arachidonic acid?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used to prevent
graft rejection.
This is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used to prevent
graft rejection.
What is cyclosporin A?
What is cyclosporin A?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This T helper subset is responsible for classical cell mediated functions such as
delayed type hypersensitivity.
This T helper subset is responsible for classical cell mediated functions such as
delayed type hypersensitivity.
What is Th1 subset?
What is Th1 subset?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
The initial activation of both T cells and B cells is thought to take place in this region of the
lymphonode.
The initial activation of both T cells and B cells is thought to take place in this region of the
lymphonode.
What is paracortex?
What is paracortex?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
This cytokine is produced by TH1 cells and can induce
macrophages to increase MHC class II expression.
This cytokine is produced by TH1 cells and can induce
macrophages to increase MHC class II expression.
What is IFN gamma?
What is IFN gamma?
WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Absence of this receptor in T cells is associated with hyper
IgM syndrome.
Absence of this receptor in T cells is associated with hyper
IgM syndrome.
What is CD40L?What is CD40L?
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These cells reside in the skin and are major antigen-
presenting cells.
These cells reside in the skin and are major antigen-
presenting cells.
What are Langerhans cells?
What are Langerhans cells?
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These drugs block H1 and H2 receptors on target cells and is
used to treat atopy.
These drugs block H1 and H2 receptors on target cells and is
used to treat atopy.
What are antihistamines?
What are antihistamines?
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Also called multi-colony-stimulating factor, this cytokine stimulates growth of precursors of most bone marrow-derived
cells.
Also called multi-colony-stimulating factor, this cytokine stimulates growth of precursors of most bone marrow-derived
cells.What is IL-3?What is IL-3?
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Defects in enzymes involved in nucleotide degradation lead to this
SCID which leads to accumulation of nucleotide metabolites.
Defects in enzymes involved in nucleotide degradation lead to this
SCID which leads to accumulation of nucleotide metabolites.
What is adenosine deaminase deficiency? OR What is purine
nucleotide phosphorylase deficiency?
OR What is ADA deficiency?
What is adenosine deaminase deficiency? OR What is purine
nucleotide phosphorylase deficiency?
OR What is ADA deficiency?
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Folding of this region of the Ig molecule produces a cleft in
which binding of antigen occurs.
Folding of this region of the Ig molecule produces a cleft in
which binding of antigen occurs.
What is the hypervariable
region?
What is the hypervariable
region?WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE - QATAR
Digestion of anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibodies with
this enzyme will result in a reagent which will still agglutinate SRBC.
Digestion of anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibodies with
this enzyme will result in a reagent which will still agglutinate SRBC.
What is pepsin?What is pepsin?
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This joining rule assures proper VL-JL or VH-DH-JH joining during
rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes.
This joining rule assures proper VL-JL or VH-DH-JH joining during
rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes.
What is the 12/23 joining rule?
What is the 12/23 joining rule?
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The antigen-independent phase of B cell differentiation occurs
here.
The antigen-independent phase of B cell differentiation occurs
here.
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What is the bone marrow?
What is the bone marrow?
The presence of this chain within the endoplasmic reticulum is thought to prevent peptide
binding to class II MHC molecules during antigen
processing.
The presence of this chain within the endoplasmic reticulum is thought to prevent peptide
binding to class II MHC molecules during antigen
processing.
What is the invariant chain?
What is the invariant chain?
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Upon activation of T cells, expression of this ensures that
only activated cells will undergo proliferative responses to
antigen.
Upon activation of T cells, expression of this ensures that
only activated cells will undergo proliferative responses to
antigen.
What is IL-2R? OR What is Interleukin-2-receptor? OR
What is IL-2 receptor?
What is IL-2R? OR What is Interleukin-2-receptor? OR
What is IL-2 receptor?
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Eskimos get these when sitting on the ice too long.
Eskimos get these when sitting on the ice too long.
What are Polaroids?What are Polaroids?
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Molecular mimicry is one mechanism proposed to account
for the development of this.
Molecular mimicry is one mechanism proposed to account
for the development of this.
What is autoimmunity?
What is autoimmunity?
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Phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils is promoted by interferon gamma
and this other cytokine.
Phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils is promoted by interferon gamma
and this other cytokine.
What is tumor necrosis factor alpha OR what is TNF alpha OR
what is TNFa?
What is tumor necrosis factor alpha OR what is TNF alpha OR
what is TNFa?
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Immunity to bacterial infections is usually mediated by these
unless the organism is capable of intracellular growth.
Immunity to bacterial infections is usually mediated by these
unless the organism is capable of intracellular growth.
What are antibodies?What are antibodies?
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This form of SCID is caused by a deficiency in class I or class II
MHC expression.
This form of SCID is caused by a deficiency in class I or class II
MHC expression.
What is Bare lymphocyte syndrome?
What is Bare lymphocyte syndrome?
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This is the process by which rearranged genes for heavy and
light chains from only one chromosome are expressed.
This is the process by which rearranged genes for heavy and
light chains from only one chromosome are expressed.
What is allelic exclusion?What is allelic exclusion?
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Lymphocytes migrate from the blood to lymphoid organs
through these.
Lymphocytes migrate from the blood to lymphoid organs
through these.
What are HEV OR What are high endothelial venules?
What are HEV OR What are high endothelial venules?
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