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Jehoshua (Shuki) Bruck
From Screws to Systems…
The Lineage of BMW
C. Elegans Lineage
total of 959 cells 302 nerve cells 131 cells are destined to die
A HUGE Gap between Ability to Design and Analyze
Design Analysis
Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems
Reasoning to Calculations to Physical Circuits
CircuitsBoolean Calculus
Logical reasoning
Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems
Base 10
100 10 1
2 7 1 2x100 + 7x10 + 1x1 = 271
Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems
Connection between Boolean Calculus and Arithmetic
4 2 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
0x4 + 1x2 + 0x1 = 2
0x4 + 1x2 + 1x1 = 3
Base 2
0 1 00 1 1+
1 0 1 1x4 + 0x2 + 1x1 = 5
Adding two binary numbers can be expressed using Boolean Algebra
Connection between Boolean Calculus and Physical Circuits
a b
c
ed
S D
dcbacedeabf
Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems
a b
c
ed
S D
dcbacedeabf
Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems
Connection between Boolean Calculus and Physical Circuits
Key to the Progress in Design:Abstractions in Information Systems
Shannon1916-2001
Boolean Algebra to Electrical Circuits
Logic Design
Connected Logicwith Algebra
Boolean AlgebraLogical Calculation
Boole1815-1864
Arithmetic to Boolean Calculus to Physical Circuits
x
y
z
C
S
The First Digital AdderGeorge Stibitz - 1937
George Stibitz was born in 1904 in New York City. He worked at Bell Labs in New York. In the fall of 1937 Dr. Stibitz used surplus relays, tin can strips, flashlight bulbs, and other common items to construct his "Model K" (K stands for kitchen table) breadboard digital calculator, which was designed to display the result of the addition of two bits.
A HUGE Gap between Ability to Design and Analyze
Design Analysis
An IST Related ChallengeUnderstanding Natural Information
SystemsClosing the gap between wonderful
measurements and poor understandingAbstract Information Systems to
formal systems to human reasoning
Natural systems
CalculusLogical
reasoning
Information Science and Technology
Planning Committee May 2002 – January 2003
•Research foci and intellectual challenges •Academic programs
•Resource planning
•Organization and road map
What Should Caltech do in IST?
IST at Caltech
Multidisciplinary Research Program Research centers involving members of Caltech at large
Multidisciplinary Academic Program Engineering and Science with focus on Information
Outreach programsSummer Schools, Executive programs, visitor programs,
workshops, …
Caltech should become the first Research University with focus on ISTwhich integrates engineering and science at a
the institute level
Key differentiator in recruiting high quality faculty and students
IST Division (school/college) at Caltech
ISTCS, EE, APH,
ACM, CNS, CDS
Chemistry
Physics
Biology Social Science
Mathematics
Economics
Involving about 25% of the facultyand 35% of the students
undergraduate and graduate programs
IST Evolution at Caltech
ISTPlanning Committee5/2002 – 1/2003
ISTResearch Centers
7/2003
ISTDivision
2005-2006
IST Faculty Hiring 2003-
ISTAcademic Planning
2004-2005
ISTBuilding Planning
2003-
IST
Physics of Information
Circuitry of Life
Four New Research CentersStarted in the Fall of 2003
Science of Markets
Mathematics of Information
Active IST Community at Caltech
Information is a First Order Concept
IST is the academic program for the‘generalist’ of the information age
like Physics was the academic program for the ‘generalist’ of the industrial age
C. Elegans Lineage
total of 959 cells 302 nerve cells 131 cells are destined to die
Control viaStochastic Chemical Reactions
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
1
2
5
4
3
AGE
GDF
FED
DCB
CBA
k
k
k
k
k
5
4
3
2
1
AGE
GDF
FED
DCB
CBA
k
k
k
k
k
5
4
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2
1
Chemical Reactions Circuits
1
2
5
4
3
AGE
GDF
FED
DCB
CBA
k
k
k
k
k
5
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1
Chemical Reactions Circuits
1
2
5
4
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AGE
GDF
FED
DCB
CBA
k
k
k
k
k
5
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1 1
2
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Chemical Reactions Circuits
AGE
GDF
FED
DCB
CBA
k
k
k
k
k
5
4
3
2
1 1
2
5
4
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Chemical Reactions Circuits
AGE
GDF
FED
DCB
CBA
k
k
k
k
k
5
4
3
2
1 1
2
5
4
3
Chemical Reactions Circuits
AGE
GDF
FED
DCB
CBA
k
k
k
k
k
5
4
3
2
1 1
2
5
4
3
Chemical Reactions Circuits
AGE
GDF
FED
DCB
CBA
k
k
k
k
k
5
4
3
2
1 1
2
5
4
3
Chemical Reactions Circuits
Bio Circuits vs. Combinational Logic Circuits
x
y
z
C
S
• Cyclic vs. acyclic (feedback)• Relations vs. functions • Stochastic vs. deterministic
Bio Circuits vs. Combinational Logic Circuits
Joint Work with Marc Riedel• Cyclic vs. acyclic (feedback)• Relations vs. functions • Stochastic vs. deterministic
x
y
z
C
S
optimal circuit for a
function fwithout cycles
optimal circuitfor a function f
with cycles
Cycles: a Feature or a Bug?
optimize for •cost (area) •Performance (delay)
Circuits With Cycles
a b c
1f 2f 3f
Generally exhibit time-dependent behaviorMay have unstable/unknown outputs
Generally exhibit time-dependent behaviorMay have unstable/unknown outputs
01 1
? ? ?
Circuits With Cycles
The Role of Cycles in Circuit Design?Best paper award in 2003 Design Automation
Conference
• Developed the theory and symbolic analysis methodology for cyclic combinational circuits
• Developed synthesis techniques for cyclic circuits • Caltech Cyclify = a software package for the design of combinational circuits with cycles
• Integrated Caltech Cyclify with the Berkeley design tools
• Evaluated benchmark circuits and compared with the Berkeley design tools
Optimization for Area and Delay
Berkeley SIS Caltech CYCLIFY
benchmark Area Delay Area Improvement Delay Improvement
p82 175 19 167 4.57% 15 21.05%
t1 343 17 327 4.66% 14 17.65%
in3 599 40 593 1.00% 33 17.50%
in2 590 34 558 5.42% 29 14.71%
5xp1 210 23 180 14.29% 22 4.35%
bw 280 28 254 9.29% 20 28.57%
s510 452 28 444 1.77% 24 14.29%
s1 566 36 542 4.24% 31 13.89%
duke2 742 38 716 3.50% 34 10.53%
s1488 1016 43 995 2.07% 34 20.93%
s1494 1090 46 1079 1.01% 39 15.22%
Area: number of NAND2/NOR2 gatesDelay: 1 time unit/gate
Abstractions for Design of Information Systems
Reasoning to Systems
Shannon1916-2001
Turing1912-1954
Leibniz1646-1716
Boole1815-1864
• Logic and Binary system • Calculus
Connected Logicwith AlgebraBoolean AlgebraLogical Calculation
Defined Computingvia universal machinesComputer Science
•Connected Boolean Algebra to Electrical Circuits Logic Design•Connected probability to Communications Information Theory
Calculus for Biology??
Natural systems to reasoning!!
ist.caltech.edu
Enjoy your visit to Caltech!!
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