Jeffersonian Era

Jeffersonian Era

Election of 1800• Battle b/w: (all ran for president—2nd highest

votes becomes vice-president)– Jefferson and Aaron Burr (D-R) – President Adams and Charles Pinckney (F)

• Electoral College: Jefferson defeated Adams, but tied with Burr– House of Representatives to decide—deadlocked – Hamilton moved to support Jefferson

Results of Election of 18001. 12 Amendment: electors cast separate ballots for

president and vice-president (either run for president or v-p)

2. Famous duel b/w Burr and Hamilton

Hamilton wrote unflattering remarks about Burr. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel.July 2, 1804—duel Drew to see who would fire 1st—Hamilton wonHamilton fired into skyBurr shot Hamilton in stomachHe died next dayBurr charged w/ murder—fled

“Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We are all [Democratic-]Republicans;

we are all Federalists.”

Jefferson’s inaugural address

Southern Politics• Dreamed of nation of indep. farmers • Limited central gov.: served merely to protect indiv.

liberties of Constitution• 1st to use Washington, D.C. as capital

– Muddy streets & few buildings; most left when Congress was not in session

D.C. 1814

Early Map of D.C.—not accurate b/c most this was not built at the time; didn’t realize how difficult it would be to build it

Jefferson as Pres.• Simplicity—sometimes appeared too casually

dressed – Walked to inauguration

• Tried to shrink gov. & cut costs– Reduced size of army– Eliminated internal taxes

Louisiana Purchase• James Monroe sent to buy territory from France

– Napoleon had just been defeated in Santo Domingo (Haiti) & wanted to sell Louisiana Territory

• 1803—Nap. sold entire territory to U.S. for $15 million– Had to accept offer without consulting gov.– Senate ratified purchase

• More than doubled U.S.

Lewis & Clark• 1804—48 men left St. Louis for Pacific• Returned 2 yrs. later w/:

– scientific info. about plants & animals– Knowledge of Native American tribes– Sacajawea served as interpreter & guide (16 yrs. old)

John Marshall & Supreme Court • Pres. Adams appointed Marshall, Federalist, as

chief justice• 30 yrs. on Court—strengthening power of

Supreme Court & federal gov.

Cause of Marbury v. Madison• Judiciary Act of 1801—early 1801

– Created 16 new federal judges – “Midnight judges” = Adams filled these spots last day as

president• William Marbury = “midnight judge” who never

received his official papers• James Madison—Jefferson’s Sec. of State—duty to

deliver papers

Marbury v. Madison• One of most import. decisions ever!!!• Marbury sued S. of S. Madison to force delivery of

papers– Chief Justice Marshall refused to rule on the request—

said unconstitutional b/c Constit. did not empower Supreme Court to issues the orders

• Judicial Review = ability of Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

in U.S. Supreme Court Building under John Marshall statue