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Japan’s support to realize “Leapfrog” Low Carbon Development in Asian Cities
Kotaro Kawamata Director, International Cooperation Office
Ministry of the Environment, Japan
July, 2013
Emiss
ions
per
cap
ita
Time
Developed Countries High Energy
Locked-in Type Development
With High Damage on Economy and Natural System
Developing Countries Leapfrog
Development
Modeling Sustainable Clean and Low-Carbon Asia
“Asian Low-Carbon Society Scenario Development Study” FY2009-2013, funded by Global Environmental Research Program, MOEJ
1 http://2050.nies.go.jp/index.html
Green Growth Path
“Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian Regions” In the case of “Iskandar Malaysia”
PM launched LCS Blueprint
Iskandar Malaysia Dec 11, 2012
Research Team: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kyoto University (KU), Okayama University (OU), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Joint Coordinating Committee: Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA), Federal Department of Town and Country Planning (JPBD), Malaysia Green Technology Corporation (MGTC) Sponsorship: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) , Japan Science and Technology (JST) Period: 2011 - 2016 Research Output: i.Methodology to create LCS scenarios which is appropriate for Malaysia is developed. ii.LCS scenarios are created and utilised for policy development in IM. iii.Co-benefit of LCS policies on air pollution and on recycling-based society is quantified in IM iv.Organizational arrangement of UTM to conduct trainings on LCS scenarios for Malaysia and Asian countries is consolidated, and a network for LCS in Asia is established
NRE Minister visited UTM booth
at COP18, Doha Dec 6, 2012
3
LCSBP (Low Carbon Society Blueprint) promotes Sustainable Investment to IM
12 actions for LCSBP
59%
21%
20%
Green Economy 1 Integrated Green Transportation 2 Green Industry 3 Low Carbon Urban Governance 4 Green Building and Construction 5 Green Energy System and Renewable Energy
Green Community 6 Low Carbon Lifestyle 7 Community Engagement and Consensus Building
Green Environment 8 Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design 9 Smart Urban Growth 10 Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources 11 Sustainable Waste Management 12 Clean Air Environment**
56% reduction of GHG emission intensity and 40% emission reduction from BaU (business as usual) by 2025 using 2005 as a base year can be achievable by LCSBP,
simulated by AIM (Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) supported by MOEJ 4
Putrajaya Green City 2025
Evaluate potential of developing Putrajaya as a Green City • To reduce GHG emission intensity related to energy use by 60% • To reduce the final disposal of solid waste and GHG emission per
waste generation by 50% http://2050.nies.go.jp/report/file/lcs_asialocal/Putrajaya_2012.pdf
5
Environmentally Sustainable Cities : ESC
Oct. 2008 1st EAS-EMM “ESC should be an immediate priority area”
East Asia Summit Environment Ministers Meeting (EAS-EMM)
HLS Date Venue Co-organisers
1st March, 2010 Jakarta, Indonesia Japan, Indonesia, Australia, Singapore
2nd March, 2011 Kitakyusyu, Japan Japan, Australia, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand
3rd March, 2012 Siem Reap, Cambodia Japan, Cambodia, Australia, Thailand
4th High Level Seminar on Environmentally Sustainable Cities on 21-22 March 2013 at Hanoi, Viet Nam (HLS-ESC)
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Methodologies to be developed by Japan and Partner Country
JAPAN
Host Country
Leading low carbon technologies
GHG reductions
JCM Projects
Used to achieve Japan’s target
• To facilitate diffusion of low carbon technologies • To evaluate GHG emission reductions • To contribute to the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC
Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)
• Simple procedures, Short processing time • Applied to broader areas with co-benefits, including energy
saving, transport, wastewater and waste management • Applied to various countries
Purpose of JCM
Advantage of JCM
(Compliment to CDM)
Credits
7
Japan’s Package Support
Japan
-Ministries -Local Gov -Private sector -Research institutions - Joint Crediting Mechanism
Capacity Building
Action plan Legislations, Standards
Technology Transfer
Partner Cities
Environmentally Sustainable Cities
Japan’s Package Support
System
Technology
Human resource
10
12 Cities was selected for pre-feasibility studies. Surabaya, Indonesia, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam and Iskandar, Malaysia are 3
flagship cities. Making active use of good relationship between Surabaya and Kitakyushu,
Ho Chi Minh and Osaka
Target Cities in 2013
11
City Area of pre-feasibility studies
Surabaya Energy management; Transport and traffic management, Solid waste management; Water and wastewater management
Ho Chi Minh
Waste-to-energy, Wastewater treatment, Public transportation, Electronic bicycle, Building Energy Management System, ESCO, Energy savings in water supply, Water saving equipment
Iskandar Implementation of LCSBP(Low-Carbon Society Research Project)by using advanced Japanese technologies (Smart City, ESCO, Energy savings in water supply)
Example of Japan’s Package Support In case of Waste Management
Capacity Building
Planning
Market
Kitakyushu Eco town
Landfill
Support for
Planning
Training Workshop
Efficient resource productivity
Reduce Reuse Recycle
Methane Gas
Recovery
Japan’s Local gov Support
Incineration
Japan’s know-how, system & technology Heat
/ Hot water
Smart Separation and collection
Waste to Energy
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To support developing countries to leapfrog to low carbon societies with Japan’s knowledge, experience, technology, human capital and finance by utilizing JCM (Joint Crediting Mechanism), with establishing the concept of a “human society that harmonizes and enriches the environment and life” as a new paradigm for the 21st century.
Objective
Achieving “Leapfrog” Development through creation of low carbon society in Asia-Pacific.
Key target countries (tentative): Developing countries in Asia-Pacific, such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Mongolia and Palau
Scheme
Developing Countries
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Knowledge, Experience, Technology, Policy Financial
Support Research Institutes, Universities, Local governments
MOE
(Participation of various Stakeholders)
Identifying Development needs
Establishing business models
Capacity Building
(Improvement of environment law)
(Cooperation with JICA and ADB)
Japan’s New Support Program Enabling “Leapfrog” Development
Transport Public transportation
system Electric bike and vehicle Logistics and traffic flow
measure
Waste management Incinerator Separate collection Compost Landfill
Water treatment Water supply Sewage system Water saving device
Energy Saving and Renewable Photovoltaic Wind Micro hydro Marine energy Biomass
Independent distributed power
Battery, HEMS Smart meter Waste heat recovery
ESCO Project Inverter Heat pump
Environmentally Sustainable Cities Subject area
Realizing Environmentally Sustainable Cities by “Leapfrog”
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Demand response Cool Biz MOTTAINAI
Water supply Sewage system Waste management
Areas which need more support Community development Basic Infrastructure
Smart city Biomass
Power system Green housing
Green building Smart Infrastructure
Life service and Life Style
Life Infrastructure Offshore wind
Proposing package of low carbon technology and Know-how possessed by Japan
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