Japan’s support to realize “Leapfrog” Low Carbon Development in Asian Cities

Kotaro Kawamata Director, International Cooperation Office

Ministry of the Environment, Japan

July, 2013

Emiss

ions

per

cap

ita

Time

Developed Countries High Energy

Locked-in Type Development

With High Damage on Economy and Natural System

Developing Countries Leapfrog

Development

Modeling Sustainable Clean and Low-Carbon Asia

“Asian Low-Carbon Society Scenario Development Study” FY2009-2013, funded by Global Environmental Research Program, MOEJ

1 http://2050.nies.go.jp/index.html

Green Growth Path

Science based policy making is key!

2

“Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian Regions” In the case of “Iskandar Malaysia”

PM launched LCS Blueprint

Iskandar Malaysia Dec 11, 2012

Research Team: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kyoto University (KU), Okayama University (OU), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Joint Coordinating Committee: Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA), Federal Department of Town and Country Planning (JPBD), Malaysia Green Technology Corporation (MGTC) Sponsorship: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) , Japan Science and Technology (JST) Period: 2011 - 2016 Research Output: i.Methodology to create LCS scenarios which is appropriate for Malaysia is developed. ii.LCS scenarios are created and utilised for policy development in IM. iii.Co-benefit of LCS policies on air pollution and on recycling-based society is quantified in IM iv.Organizational arrangement of UTM to conduct trainings on LCS scenarios for Malaysia and Asian countries is consolidated, and a network for LCS in Asia is established

NRE Minister visited UTM booth

at COP18, Doha Dec 6, 2012

3

LCSBP (Low Carbon Society Blueprint) promotes Sustainable Investment to IM

12 actions for LCSBP

59%

21%

20%

Green Economy 1 Integrated Green Transportation 2 Green Industry 3 Low Carbon Urban Governance 4 Green Building and Construction 5 Green Energy System and Renewable Energy

Green Community 6 Low Carbon Lifestyle 7 Community Engagement and Consensus Building

Green Environment 8 Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design 9 Smart Urban Growth 10 Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources 11 Sustainable Waste Management 12 Clean Air Environment**

56% reduction of GHG emission intensity and 40% emission reduction from BaU (business as usual) by 2025 using 2005 as a base year can be achievable by LCSBP,

simulated by AIM (Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) supported by MOEJ 4

Putrajaya Green City 2025

Evaluate potential of developing Putrajaya as a Green City • To reduce GHG emission intensity related to energy use by 60% • To reduce the final disposal of solid waste and GHG emission per

waste generation by 50% http://2050.nies.go.jp/report/file/lcs_asialocal/Putrajaya_2012.pdf

5

Environmentally Sustainable Cities : ESC

Oct. 2008 1st EAS-EMM “ESC should be an immediate priority area”

East Asia Summit Environment Ministers Meeting (EAS-EMM)

HLS Date Venue Co-organisers

1st March, 2010 Jakarta, Indonesia Japan, Indonesia, Australia, Singapore

2nd March, 2011 Kitakyusyu, Japan Japan, Australia, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand

3rd March, 2012 Siem Reap, Cambodia Japan, Cambodia, Australia, Thailand

4th High Level Seminar on Environmentally Sustainable Cities on 21-22 March 2013 at Hanoi, Viet Nam (HLS-ESC)

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Methodologies to be developed by Japan and Partner Country

JAPAN

Host Country

Leading low carbon technologies

GHG reductions

JCM Projects

Used to achieve Japan’s target

• To facilitate diffusion of low carbon technologies • To evaluate GHG emission reductions • To contribute to the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC

Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

• Simple procedures, Short processing time • Applied to broader areas with co-benefits, including energy

saving, transport, wastewater and waste management • Applied to various countries

Purpose of JCM

Advantage of JCM

(Compliment to CDM)

Credits

7

New Expanded Program for ESC using JCM

8

Vision for Environmentally Sustainable Cities

9

Japan’s Package Support

Japan

-Ministries -Local Gov -Private sector -Research institutions - Joint Crediting Mechanism

Capacity Building

Action plan Legislations, Standards

Technology Transfer

Partner Cities

Environmentally Sustainable Cities

Japan’s Package Support

System

Technology

Human resource

10

12 Cities was selected for pre-feasibility studies. Surabaya, Indonesia, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam and Iskandar, Malaysia are 3

flagship cities. Making active use of good relationship between Surabaya and Kitakyushu,

Ho Chi Minh and Osaka

Target Cities in 2013

11

City Area of pre-feasibility studies

Surabaya Energy management; Transport and traffic management, Solid waste management; Water and wastewater management

Ho Chi Minh

Waste-to-energy, Wastewater treatment, Public transportation, Electronic bicycle, Building Energy Management System, ESCO, Energy savings in water supply, Water saving equipment

Iskandar Implementation of LCSBP（Low-Carbon Society Research Project）by using advanced Japanese technologies (Smart City, ESCO, Energy savings in water supply)

Example of Japan’s Package Support In case of Waste Management

Capacity Building

Planning

Market

Kitakyushu Eco town

Landfill

Support for

Planning

Training Workshop

Efficient resource productivity

Reduce Reuse Recycle

Methane Gas

Recovery

Japan’s Local gov Support

Incineration

Japan’s know-how, system & technology Heat

/ Hot water

Smart Separation and collection

Waste to Energy

12

To support developing countries to leapfrog to low carbon societies with Japan’s knowledge, experience, technology, human capital and finance by utilizing JCM (Joint Crediting Mechanism), with establishing the concept of a “human society that harmonizes and enriches the environment and life” as a new paradigm for the 21st century.

Objective

Achieving “Leapfrog” Development through creation of low carbon society in Asia-Pacific.

Key target countries (tentative): Developing countries in Asia-Pacific, such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Mongolia and Palau

Scheme

Developing Countries

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Knowledge, Experience, Technology, Policy Financial

Support Research Institutes, Universities, Local governments

MOE

(Participation of various Stakeholders)

Identifying Development needs

Establishing business models

Capacity Building

(Improvement of environment law)

(Cooperation with JICA and ADB)

Japan’s New Support Program Enabling “Leapfrog” Development

Transport Public transportation

system Electric bike and vehicle Logistics and traffic flow

measure

Waste management Incinerator Separate collection Compost Landfill

Water treatment Water supply Sewage system Water saving device

Energy Saving and Renewable Photovoltaic Wind Micro hydro Marine energy Biomass

Independent distributed power

Battery, HEMS Smart meter Waste heat recovery

ESCO Project Inverter Heat pump

Environmentally Sustainable Cities Subject area

Realizing Environmentally Sustainable Cities by “Leapfrog”

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Demand response Cool Biz MOTTAINAI

Water supply Sewage system Waste management

Areas which need more support Community development Basic Infrastructure

Smart city Biomass

Power system Green housing

Green building Smart Infrastructure

Life service and Life Style

Life Infrastructure Offshore wind

Proposing package of low carbon technology and Know-how possessed by Japan