James Kelly Nathan Knight Gustavo Lee. Introduction Characteristics of Ideal and Real Op-Amps ...
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- Slide 1
- James Kelly Nathan Knight Gustavo Lee
- Slide 2
- Introduction Characteristics of Ideal and Real Op-Amps Basic
Circuits of Op-Amps Applications Exercise
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- An Operational Amplifier (known as an Op-Amp) is an integrated
circuit that sets an output voltage based on the input voltages
provided. In a circuit, it is used to perform an operation and an
amplification where the operation may be add, subtract, filter,
integrate, differentiate, etc. Op-Amps are composed of transistors,
resistors, capacitors, and diodes.
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- 1941: Karl Swartzel of Bell Labs developed the first Op-Amp.
Used 3 vacuum tubes, only one input (inverting), and operated on +
350 V to achieve 90 dB gain. 1947: Loebe Julie developed the Op-Amp
as it is known today, with two inputs inverting and non-inverting.
The differential input made a whole range of new functionality
possible. 1953: First commercially available Op-Amp. George A.
Philbrick Researches (GAP-R). GAP-R pioneered the first
reasonable-cost, mass-produced operational amplifier 1961: Advent
of solid-state, discrete Op-Amps. Made possible by the invention of
the silicon transistor, which led to the concept of Integrated
Circuits (IC) Reduced power input to 15V to 10V 1962: Op-Amp in a
potted module. Packaging in small black boxes allowed for
integration with a circuit
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- 1963: First monolithic IC Op-Amp, the A702, designed by Bob
Widlar at Fairchild Semiconductor. Monolithic ICs consist of a
single chip 1968: Release of the A741 The A741 became the canonical
Op-Amp, from which many modern op-amps base their pinout from, and
is still in production today. ParameterRange Frequency
Spectrum5-kHz to beyond 1-GHz GBW Supply Voltage0.9 V to a maximum
1000 V Input OffsetsApproximately Zero
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- Introduction Characteristics of Ideal and Real Op-Amps Basic
Circuits of Op-Amps Applications Exercise
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- Parameter NameSymbolValue Input impedance Output impedance
Open-loop gain Bandwidth
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- Parameter NameSymbolValue Input impedance Output impedance
Open-loop gain Bandwidth
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- V in V out V sat+ V sat- Saturation Cutoff Points Slope =
G
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- Introduction Characteristics of Ideal and Real Op-Amps Basic
Circuits of Op-Amps Applications Exercise
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- A closed-loop op-amp has feedback from the output back to one
of the inputs, whereas an open-loop op-amp does not.
Open-LoopClosed-Loop
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- Negative feedback connects the output to the inverting input
(-), whereas positive feedback connects the output to the
non-inverting input (+). Positive Feedback Negative Feedback
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- Negative feedback op-amps can produce any voltage in the supply
power range. Positive feedback op-amps can only produce the maximum
and minimum voltages of the range. V in V out V sat+ V sat-
Negative Feedback V in V out V sat+ V sat- Positive Feedback
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- Introduction Characteristics of Ideal and Real Op-Amps Basic
Circuits of Op-Amps Applications Exercise
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- Active filters Signal processing Digital Image processing
Strain gauges Control circuits PID controllers for aircraft PI
controllers for temperature measurement circuitry And much
more
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- Strain gauges consist of a pattern of resistive foil mounted on
a backing material. As the foil is subjected to stress, the
resistance of the foil changes in a defined way. This results in an
output signal directly related to the stress value, typically a few
millivolts. Op-Amps are utilized to amplify the output signal level
to 5~10 V, a suitable level for application to data collection
systems.
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- Comparators Detectors Threshold detector Zero-level detector
Oscillators Wien bridge oscillator Relaxation oscillator Level
shifters
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- Introduction Characteristics of Ideal and Real Op-Amps Basic
Circuits of Op-Amps Applications Exercise
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- Cetinkunt, Sabri. Mechatronics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &
Sons Inc., 2007. Jung, Walter G. Op Amp Applications Handbook.
Analog Devices, Inc., 2005. Operational Amplifier.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier
Operational Amplifier Applications.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier_applications.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier_applications The
Strain Gauge.
http://web.deu.edu.tr/mechatronics/TUR/strain_gauge.htm.
http://web.deu.edu.tr/mechatronics/TUR/strain_gauge.htm The PID
Controller.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller
Feedback in Electronic Circuits: An Introduction.
http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen4827/lectures/dm_feedback1.pdf.
http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen4827/lectures/dm_feedback1.pdf
Differentiator and Integrator Circuits
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_8/11.html.
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_8/11.html Inverting
Op-Amp http://www.wiringdiagrams21.com/2009/12/17/basic-
inverting-op-amp-circuit-diagram/http://www.wiringdiagrams21.com/2009/12/17/basic-
inverting-op-amp-circuit-diagram/
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- Questions?