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IX. IrrigationRice Research and Development:
Supply, Demand, Water, Climate, and Research Capacity
Robert S. Zeigler, International Rice Research Institute,
International Rice Conf, Bali, Sept 2005
Potato Information Kit . 1997. Jerry Lovatt
Pola Pertumbuhan TanamanBERAT KERING
(g) FASE PEMASAKAN
70 TOTAL
FASEPERTUMBUHAN
60 CEPAT(PERIODE KRITIS)
BUAH/BIJI50
FASE BATANG
40 PERTUMBUHANLAMBAT
20 DAUN
10 AKAR
02 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
MINGGU SETELAH TANAM
IrrigationPotato Information Kit . 1997. Jerry Lovatt
Air sebagai pelarut hara
Air tersedia = pada kapasitas lapang di daerah perakaran
tanaman
Kekurangan air :
perakaran serabut ++ di kedalaman tanah, tanaman kerdil, produksi
rendah
Kelebihan air :
mengurangi aerasi tanah, meningkatkan pencucian hara & pestisida
& menyebabkan kondisi yang sesuai bagi perkembangan hama &
penyakit
Irrigation Description
Indonesia Irigasi teknis pada lahan sawah
Lahan kering tgt hujan
Cara pengairan Digenangi pada lahan
sawah dan juga pada lahan
kering bila tersedia pengairan
teknis.
Disiram unt lahan kering
Tgt Musim musim hujan air berlebihan &
kemarau air berkurang
Sifat Boros, tidak terukur & hanya
mengandalkan musim
Produktifitas rendah
Cu ra h H ujan (CH ) R a dias i Mata har i (R M)(m m) (k al /cm 2)
600 -- -- 60 0
500 -- -- 50 0
400 -- -- 40 0
300 -- -- 30 0
200 -- -- 20 0
100 -- -- 10 0
0 ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ 0
Jan Fe b Ma r A pr Me i J un Jul Ag s S ep O kt N op Des
Ke te ra n ga n : : CH 1995 : RM 1995
: CH 1996 : RM 1996
: CH 1997 : RM 1997
: CH 1998 : RM 1998
The water challenge
• Nearly 90% of the fresh water
diverted for human use in
Asia goes to agriculture and, of this,
>50% is used to irrigate rice.
• It takes more than 2,000 liters of
water to produce 1 kg of rice!
• There is growing competition from
cities and industry for available water
supplies.
• Farmers must become more efficient
in their use of water.
Irrigation requirement
Tensiometer mengukur ketersediaan air
tanah bagi tanaman
30 - 50 kPa + pengairan
Perkiraan berdasar evapotranspirasi
Disesuaikan dg fase pertumbuhan tanaman
vegeratif & generatif/reproduktif
tan kentang 3 - 4 hari sekali terutama
pada puncak pengisian umbi 370 mm prod
40 t/ha & 40 mm prod 20 t/ha
Rice and water
• 75% of rice is irrigated (75 m
ha)
• Rice requires much water :
2000-3000 l kg-1 rice
• Irrigated areas consume 80%
of all fresh water used;
Asia: > 50% of this is for rice
• Better irrigation management practices to use less
water, such as alternate wetting and drying.
• New varieties that
better tolerate drought
(aerobic rice, pictured).
• New varieties that are
more efficient in their
use of water.
Options – better water management
and new rice varieties
Irrigation System
FOR MORE INFO...
Irrigation Technology
Great Giant Pineaple Co -
Lampung Sprinkle
irrigation
Irrigation Technology
Potato Boom irrigation –
Pemberton West AUS,
2002
Recommended