View
225
Download
6
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics
Vienna, June 20-22, 2005
IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics
Vienna, June 20-22, 2005
Water Statistics in the Water Statistics in the Mekong River BasinMekong River Basin
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 22
Presentation outlinePresentation outlinePresentation outlinePresentation outline
About the Mekong River and the MRC
Water statistics at MRC
Sustainability issues
Conclusions
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 33
The Mekong River The Mekong River BasinBasin
Six Riparian NationsSix Riparian Nationsin South East Asiain South East Asia
The Mekong River The Mekong River BasinBasin
Six Riparian NationsSix Riparian Nationsin South East Asiain South East Asia
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 44
The Mekong River from source to deltaThe Mekong River from source to deltaThe Mekong River from source to deltaThe Mekong River from source to delta
Average flow contributionUpper Mekong (18%) China – 16% Myanmar – 2%
Lower Mekong (82%) Cambodia – 18% Lao PDR– 35% Thailand – 18% Viet Nam – 11%
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 55
The Lower Mekong BasinThe Lower Mekong BasinThe Lower Mekong BasinThe Lower Mekong Basin
FourFour riparian countries riparian countries PopulationPopulation of 60 million, with
rapid increase to 100 million in 2025
Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Viet Nam are among the poorest poorest countriescountries in Asia and the World
Water is an essentialresource for livelihoods:fisheries, agriculture,energy…
One of the most productive and diverse ecosystemsecosystems in the world
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 66
The 1995 Agreement The 1995 Agreement The 1995 Agreement The 1995 Agreement
Cooperation in all fields of sustainable development, utilisation, management and
conservation of the water and related resources of the Lower Mekong Basin
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 77
JOINT COMMITTEE(Members at level of Head of
Department or higher)
NATIONAL MEKONG COMMITTEES (NMC)
(Member Agencies)
DONOR CONSUL-TATIVE GROUP(Donor countries and
cooperating institutions)
COUNCIL(Members at Ministerial and
Cabinet Level)
Government of
Cambodia
Government of
Lao PDR
Government of
Thailand
Government of
Vietnam
Mekong River Commission Secretariat
Operational arm providing
Technical and Administrative Support
MRC Organizational StructureMRC Organizational StructureMRC Organizational StructureMRC Organizational Structure
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 88
Irrigated AgricultureIrrigated AgricultureFisheriesFisheries
HydropowerHydropowerNavigationNavigation
Watershed Management Watershed ManagementFlood Management Flood Management
Water Supply and SanitationWater Supply and SanitationTourismTourism
To make optimal use of To make optimal use of water in the various water in the various
sectorssectors
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1010
MRC is data hungry!MRC is data hungry!MRC is data hungry!MRC is data hungry!
• Administration • Climate • Culture • Fisheries • Forestry • Inundation (flooding)• Irrigation• Population & Human settlements • Socio-economics
• Soils • Topography • Transportation • Water
• Hydro-meteoHydro-meteo time series time series • Water QualityWater Quality
• Water useWater use
Some examples of current data holdings…Some examples of current data holdings…
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1111
Historical HM time series dataHistorical HM time series dataHistorical HM time series dataHistorical HM time series data
Data type No. of stations
Water level & discharge 242
Rainfall 503
Meteorology 44
Sediment 60
> 16,000 station yrs
More WL than Discharge Quality control ongoing Used for many purposes Published yearly
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1212
Operational HM time Operational HM time series dataseries data
Operational HM time Operational HM time series dataseries data
Item Flood season
Dry season
Water level Data 44 19
Rainfall Data 44 19
Delivery interval Daily Weekly
Item AHNIP M-HYCOS
Water Level 18 < 50
Rainfall Data 2 < 50
Delivery interval Daily Hourly?
Forecasting time-series data
Near real-time data (telemetric)
2 stations from China
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1313
Use of operational HM dataUse of operational HM dataUse of operational HM dataUse of operational HM data
Flood forecasting
Flash flood forecasting
Navigation
Legend No Warning Warning level reached Flooding level reached No data available
#N/A No data availableJune 13, 2005
Zero gauge level Alarm Observed water levels Forecasted water levels
Station name ID MSL Flood level Alarm level Status 7-Jun 8-Jun 9-Jun 10-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun 15-Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun 18-Jun
Chiang Saen CSA 357.11 11.80 11.50 0 2.94 3.15 3.16 3.07 3.04 3.36 3.07 3.04 2.95 2.85 3.16 3.44Luang Prabang LUA 267.195 18.00 17.50 0 4.44 4.61 5.13 5.57 5.74 5.73 5.57 5.37 5.18 5.08 4.87 4.99Chiang Khan CKH 194.118 17.40 17.32 0 3.38 3.52 3.96 4.38 4.81 5.34 4.38 4.33 4.15 4.07 4.00 3.95Vientiane VIE 158.04 12.50 11.50 0 1.14 1.12 1.28 1.60 1.84 2.04 2.30 2.22 2.17 2.13 2.07 1.96Nongkhai NON 153.648 12.20 11.40 0 1.85 1.81 1.90 2.24 2.51 2.70 2.97 2.89 2.84 2.80 2.74 2.63Paksane PAK 142.125 14.50 13.50 0 3.78 3.70 3.76 4.24 4.43 4.68 4.98 5.15 4.95 4.80 4.70 4.52Nakhon Phanom NAK 130.961 12.70 12.60 0 1.96 1.90 2.10 2.22 2.50 3.10 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.60 3.50 3.42Thakhek THA 129.629 13.50 13.00 0 3.08 3.05 3.35 3.48 3.75 4.35 4.75 5.07 5.17 5.07 4.97 4.90Mukdahan MUK 124.219 12.60 12.50 0 2.25 2.22 2.28 2.41 2.52 2.83 3.33 3.75 4.00 4.08 3.98 3.88Savannakhet SAV 125.022 13.00 12.00 0 1.30 1.19 1.22 1.31 1.34 1.71 2.22 2.56 2.81 2.89 2.80 2.70Khong Chiam KHO 89.03 16.20 16.00 0 2.42 2.57 2.60 2.59 2.68 2.88 2.84Ubon (Nam Mun) UBO 105.074 10.50 0 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.67 1.65 1.63 1.69Pakse PKS 86.49 12.00 11.00 0 1.42 1.58 1.62 1.62 1.66 1.76 1.90 2.15 2.39 2.62 2.70 2.60StungTreng STR 36.79 12.00 10.70 0 2.57 2.60 2.72 2.83 2.90 2.91 2.94 2.99 3.02 3.05 3.22 3.23Kratie KRA -1.08 23.00 22.00 0 7.29 7.32 7.49 7.67 7.81 7.95 8.01 8.11 8.25 8.36 8.40 8.40Kompong Cham KOM -0.93 16.20 15.20 0 2.89 2.89 2.93 3.02 3.20 3.33 3.45 3.49 3.57 3.67 3.75 3.80Phnom Penh (Bassac) PPB -1.02 12.00 10.50 0 1.78 1.81 1.84 1.92 2.01 2.06 2.09 2.12 2.15 2.20 2.25 2.30Phnom Penh Port PPP 0 11.00 9.50 0 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.05 1.13 1.16 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.31 1.36 1.40Koh Khel (Bassac) KOH 7.90 7.40 0 1.89 1.92 1.96 2.01 2.07 2.11 2.13 2.16 2.16 2.18 2.21 2.25Neak Luong NEA -0.33 8.00 7.50 0 0.93 0.99 1.03 1.12 1.22 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.41 1.44Prek Kdam (Tonle Sap) PRE 0.08 10.00 9.50 0 0.97 0.99 1.02 1.06 1.15 1.19 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.32Tan Chau TCH 0 4.20 3.00 0 0.00 0.19 0.23 0.14 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.12 0.15 0.22Chau Doc (Bassac) CDO 0 3.50 2.50 0 0.08 0.18 0.39 0.27 0.20 0.12 0.13 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.13 0.19
.
Zero gauge level Rainfall Data Observed discharges Forecasted discharges
Station name ID MSL Flood level 12-Jun Status 7-Jun 8-Jun 9-Jun 10-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun 15-Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun 18-Jun
Chiang Saen CSA 357.11 11.80 17.3 2 1666 1849 1858 1778 1752 2040 1778 1752 1674 1589 1858 2115Luang Prabang LUA 267.195 18.00 n/r 2 1543 1637 1941 2220 2334 2327 2220 2091 1972 1911 1786 1856Chiang Khan CKH 194.118 17.40 1.6 2 1250 1308 1504 1710 1943 2262 1710 1684 1594 1556 1522 1499Vientiane VIE 158.04 12.50 n/r 2 1517 1506 1596 1786 1939 2073 2258 2200 2164 2136 2094 2019Nongkhai NON 153.648 12.20 7.3 2 1509 1489 1535 1717 1873 1990 2164 2111 2078 2053 2015 1946Paksane PAK 142.125 14.50 5.5 -99Nakhon Phanom NAK 130.961 12.70 14.0 2 3451 3365 3656 3835 4270 5271 5990 6177 6365 6177 5990 5843Thakhek THA 129.629 13.50 3.8 2 2997 2958 3360 3542 3934 4875 5554 6128 6312 6128 5946 5820Mukdahan MUK 124.219 12.60 6.8 2 2832 2792 2873 3050 3205 3660 4455 5180 5636 5786 5599 5415Savannakhet SAV 125.022 13.00 n/r 2 3164 3002 3045 3178 3223 3798 4654 5266 5735 5889 5716 5527Khong Chiam KHO 89.03 16.20 n/r 2 2814 2998 3035 3022 3136 3394 3342Ubon (Nam Mun) UBO 105.074 10.50 4.7 2 106 102 98 91 88 85 93Pakse PKS 86.49 12.00 n/r 2 2882 3179 3255 3255 3331 3525 3803 4318 4833 5346 5528 5300StungTreng STR 36.79 12.00 n/r 2 3801 3906 4335 4741 5005 5043 5158 5351 5469 5587 6271 6312Kratie KRA -1.08 23.00 n/r -99Kompong Cham KOM -0.93 16.20 n/r -99Phnom Penh (Bassac) PPB -1.02 12.00 n/r -99Phnom Penh Port PPP 0 11.00 n/r -99Koh Khel (Bassac) KOH 7.90 0.9 -99Neak Luong NEA -0.33 8.00 31.1 -99Prek Kdam (Tonle Sap) PRE 0.08 10.00 1.3 -99Tan Chau TCH 0 4.20 n/r -99Chau Doc (Bassac) CDO 0 3.50 n/r -99
Mekong River Commission
More about this on Wednesday!
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1414
Water Quality StatisticsWater Quality StatisticsWater Quality StatisticsWater Quality Statistics
100 sites Monthly samples Delivered yearly/quarterly 20 parameters Analysis by designated
labs QA procedures in place
– Round robin analysis– Standard samples
Used to examine spatial patterns and trends in WQ
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1515
Water Use DataWater Use DataWater Use DataWater Use Data
~ 80% of water abstracted is used in agriculture
Measurement of direct water use quite limited in LMB
Estimations calculated (estimated) on secondary data
Secondary data not always available, complete or accurate
Current water use estimations could usefully be improved
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1616
Sustainability issuesSustainability issuesSustainability issuesSustainability issues
Technical and institutional mechanisms
Quantity, reliability and timeliness
Continuity: management of data collection networks
Availability of resources and capacity
These issues applies to all MRC data These issues applies to all MRC data collection collection (and other organizations…?)(and other organizations…?)
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1717
Institutional and technical mechanismsInstitutional and technical mechanismsInstitutional and technical mechanismsInstitutional and technical mechanisms
Improving conditions for data exchange and sharing– Regional forum for D&I exchange and
sharing issues (TACT)– Build trust and change attitudes– National data custodianship– Develop procedures, guidelines etc– Support to national agencies
The MRC Information System– Integrated databases– Models– Institutional and technical mechanisms– Capacity enhancements
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1818
Quantity, reliability, timelinessQuantity, reliability, timelinessQuantity, reliability, timelinessQuantity, reliability, timeliness
Improvement of HM network density– Climate data especially
Quality Assessment and Assurance– Database review– SOPs, QA procedures, …
Timeliness– Delays in validation and delivery to MRC– Data Delivery Schedule & support to countries– Real-time telemetry networks
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 1919
Continuity: management of networksContinuity: management of networksContinuity: management of networksContinuity: management of networks
O&M closely related to sustainability of financial and human resources
O&M cost can be quite substantial– Some national budgets very limited– Limited lasting effect of projects
Situation not unique to LMB…
Gradual improvements expected
Support to countries required in foreseeable future
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 2020
Limitations in resources and capacityLimitations in resources and capacityLimitations in resources and capacityLimitations in resources and capacity
Access to skilled staff and sufficient funds two critical elements
– Present limitations in both is a challenge
Regional HM capacity/skills are in shortage– Big differences between MRC member countries
Clear need to build regional capacity– Long-term commitment required
In recognition of current limitations…– MRC seeks to establish new DSIM Programme– Donor funding sought– 5 year implementation phase
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 2121
Access to MRC dataAccess to MRC dataAccess to MRC dataAccess to MRC data
Internal– LAN/GIS software– Web Portal
Interactive maps Metadata catalog
External– Requests to MRCS– Data publications (Atlas CDs, Yearbooks…)– Online (www.mrcmekong.org)
Flood forecasting/river monitoring Web Portal
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 2222
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions
MRC holds substantial amounts of data Improvements needed to provide data required
in the future MRC data collection depends on regional and
national capacity and resources Lack of resources a limiting factor Sustainability in management of data collection
networks a tough challenge Implementation of Decision Support and
Information Management Programme will be a good step forward
Ulf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatUlf Hedlund, MRC SecretariatIWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 2323
Recommended