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SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Volume 87
Series Editor: G.M.L. GLADWELLDepartment of Civil EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3GI
Aims and Scope of the Series
The fundamental questions arising in mechanics are: Why?, How?, and How much?The aim of this series is to provide lucid accounts written by authoritative researchersgiving vision and insight in answering these questions on the subject of mechanics as itrelates to solids.
The scope of the series covers the entire spectrum of solid mechanics. Thus it includesthe foundation of mechanics; variational formulations; computational mechanics;statics, kinematics and dynamics of rigid and elastic bodies: vibrations of solids andstructures; dynamical systems and chaos; the theories of elasticity, plasticity andviscoelasticity; composite materials; rods, beams, shells and membranes; structuralcontrol and stability; soils, rocks and geomechanics; fracture; tribology; experimentalmechanics; biomechanics and machine design.
The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are mono-graphs def in ing the current state of the field; others are accessible to final year under-graduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.
For a list of related mechanics titles, see final pages.
IUTAM Symposium on
Theoretical andNumerical Methods inContinuum Mechanics ofPorous MaterialsProceedings of the IUTAM Symposiumheld at the University of Stuttgart, Germany,September 5–10, 1999
Edited by
WOLFGANG EHLERSInstitute of Applied Mechanics.University of Stuttgart, Germany
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: 0-306-46953-7Print ISBN: 0-792-36766-9
©2002 Kluwer Academic PublishersNew York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
All rights reserved
No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher
Created in the United States of America
Visit Kluwer Online at: http://www.kluweronline.comand Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com
CONTENTS
Preface
Sponsors
List of Participants
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Session A1: Opening
Introduction to the Porous Media TheoryR. de Boer
2-D Localization Analysis of Saturated Porous MediaB. A. Schrefler and H. W. Zhang
Session A2: Constitutive Modelling
Evolution of the Volume Fractions in Compressible Porous MediaS. Diebels
Constitutive Relations for Thermo-Elastic Porous Solid withinthe Framework of Finite DeformationsJ. Bluhm
A Generalized Cam-Clay ModelS. Krenk
Session A3: Experiments and Parameter Identification
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation into MechanicalProperties of High Density Foam PlasticsZ. Lu, Z. Gao and R. Wang
A Unified Sensitivity Analysis Approach for Parameter Identi-fication of Material Models in Fluid-Saturated Porous MediaR. Mahnken and P. Steinmann
Session A4: Numerical Aspects
Numerical Solution of Soil Freezing Problem by a New FiniteElement SchemeJ. Hartikainen and M. J. Mikkola
3
13
21
27
33
41
51
61
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Space-Time Finite Elements and Adaptive Strategy for theCoupled Poroelasticity ProblemK. Runesson, F. Larsson and P. Hansbo 67
Poster Session A
Packed-to-Fluidized Bed Transition and Origin of Particle-Free RegionsA. K. Didwania 75
h-Adaptive Strategies Applied to Multi-Phase ModelsW. Ehlers, P. Ellsiepen and M. Ammann 81
A Viscoelastic Two-Phase Model for Cartilage TissuesW. Ehlers and B. Markert 87
A Poroelastic Material with a Scale Independent Pressure-Volume RelationD. Elata 93
Numerical Modelling of Cartilage as a DeformablePorous MediumA. J. H. Frijns, E. F. Kaasschieter and J. M. Huyghe 99
Numerical Description of Elastic-Plastic Behavior of SaturatedPorous MediaJ. Skolnik 105
Session B1: Homogenization
Effective Physical Properties of SandstonesJ. Widjajakusuma and R. Hilfer 113
Perspective of Computational Micro–Macro–Transition forthe Postcritical Analysis of Localized FailureC. Miehe and M. Lambrecht 119
Micromechanics of Unsaturated Porous MediaX. Chateau and L. Dormieux 125
Influence of Porosity on the Response of Fibrous CompositesS. C. Baxter, C. T. Herakovich and A. M. Roerden 131
Session B2: Biot’s Theory
Non Linear Thermomechanical Couplings in Unsaturated ClayBarriersP. Dangla, O. Coussy, E. Olchitzky and C. Imbert 139
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Porothermoelasticity in Transversely Isotropic Porous MaterialsY. Abousleiman and S. Ekbote 145Constitutive Description of Fluid-Porous Solid ImmiscibleMixtures. Derivation of the Effective Stress-Strain RelationJ. Kubik and M. Cieszko 153
Session B3: Flow in Porous Media
Two-Phase Flow Modelling of Flood Defense StructuresM. Paul, R. Hinkelmann, H. Sheta and R. Helmig 163
A Sand Erosion Problem in Axial Flow Conditions on the Ex-ample of Contact Erosion due to Horizontal Groundwater FlowA. Scheuermann, I. Vardoulakis, P. Papanastasiou andM. Stavropoulou 169
Session B4: Waves in Porous Media I
Rayleigh Waves in Porous Media Saturated with LiquidA. A. Gubaidullin and O. Y. Kuchugurina 179
Geometry Effects on Sound in Porous MediaA. Cortis, D. M. J. Smeulders, D. Lafarge, M. Firdaouss andJ. L. Guermond 187
Mechanics of Liquefaction in Saturated Granular SoilsA. Sawicki 193
Poster Session B
Fluid Mechanics in Minkowski Space. Modelling of Fluid Motionin Porous Materials with Anisotropic Pore Space StructureM. Cieszko 201
Modelling of Soils by Use of the Theory of Porous MediaW. Ehlers and P. Blome 209
Integration and Calibration of a Plasticity Model for GranularMaterialsL. Jacobsson and K. Runesson 215
Mechanical Properties of Modified WoodS. J. Kowalski and L. Kyziol 221
Water Transport in Phase-Changing SnowpacksS. Sellers 229
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Session C1: Localization
Modelling of Localisation at Finite Inelastic Strains in FluidSaturated Porous MediaL. Sanavia, B. A. Schrefler, E. Stein and P. Steinmann 239
Influence of Density and Pressure on Spontaneous Shear BandFormations in Granular MaterialsE. Bauer and W. Huang 245
Localization Analysis of a Saturated Elastic Plastic PorousMedium Based on Regularized DiscontinuityR. Larsson and J. Larsson 251
Session C2: Extended Models
Shear Band Localization in Frictional Geomaterials: BasicModelling and Adaptive ComputationsW. Ehlers and P. Ellsiepen 259
Analysis of Instability Conditions for Normally ConsolidatedSoilsR. Nova and S. Imposimato 265
Structure and Elastic Properties of Reinforced Cellular PlasticsJ. Brauns 273
Session D1: Micromechanics
Effective Stress and Capillary Pressure in Unsaturated PorousMediaA. K. Didwania 281
Porous Medium Mechanics and the Skin BarrierJ. M. Huyghe, P. M. van Kemenade, L. F. A. Douven andP. H. M. Bovendeerd 287
Discrete Element Modelling of Compaction of CylindricalPowder ParticlesP. Redanz and N. A. Fleck 293
Session D2: Fracture and Damage
Modeling of In-Situ Solution Mining ProcessesH.-B. Mühlhaus, J. Liu and B. E. Hobbs 301
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Coupling of Damage and Fluid-Solid Interactions in Quasi-Brittle Unsaturated Porous MaterialsJ. Carmeliet 307
An Influence of Initial Porosity on Damage Process in Semi-Brittle Polycrystalline Ceramics under CompressionT. Sadowski and S. Samborski 313
Session D3: Swelling, Drying and Shrinkage
The Physical Role of Crack Rate Dependence in the Long-Term Behaviour of Cementitious MaterialsG. P. A. G. van Zijl, J. G. Rots and R. de Borst 321
Macroscopic Swelling of Clays Derived from HomogenizationC. Moyne and M. Murad 329
Extending Griffiths Theory to Cohesive Types of DriedMaterialsS. J. Kowalski and K. Rajewska 335
Session D4: Waves in Porous Media II
Reflection and Transmission of Waves at a Fluid/Porous-Medium BoundaryA. I. M. Denneman, G. G. Drijkoningen, D. M. J. Smeuldersand C. P. A. Wapenaar 343
Poroelasto-Electric Longitudinal Waves in Porous Wet LongBones - a Transmission Line ModelR. Uklejewski 351
Scattering of SH-Waves by a Porous Slab - ApproximateSolutionY. C. Angel and A. R. Aguiar 357
Session D5: Applications
A Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Model for Soil ConsolidationR. Lancellotta, G. Musso and L. Preziosi 365
Poster Session D
Drying Induced Stresses in Viscoelastic SphereJ. Banaszak and S. J. Kowalski 381
X
Settlements of Sand due to Cyclic Twisting of a TubeR. Cudmani and G. Gudehus 387
Studies of Rayleigh Scattering of Longitudinal Waves inSaturated Porous MaterialsJ. Kubik, M. Kaczmarek and J. Kochanski 397
A Thermomechanical Model for Partially SaturatedExpansive ClayA. J. Lempinen 403
Constitutive Modeling of Charged Porous MediaM. M. Molenaar, J. M. Huyghe and F. P. T. Baaijens 409
Damage of Porous Materials during DryingG. Musielak 415
Author Index 421
Preface
During the last decades, continuum mechanics of porous materials hasachieved great attention, since it allows for the consideration of thevolumetrically coupled behaviour of the solid matrix deformation andthe pore-fluid flow. Naturally, applications of porous media modelsrange from civil and environmental engineering, where, e. g., geotech-nical problems like the consolidation problem are of great interest, viamechanical engineering, where, e. g., the description of sinter materialsor polymeric and metallic foams is a typical problem, to chemical andbiomechanical engineering, where, e. g., the complex structure of liv-ing tissues is studied. Although these applications are principally verydifferent, they basically fall into the category of multiphase materials,which can be described, on the macroscale, within the framework ofthe well-founded Theory of Porous Media (TPM).
With the increasing power of computer hardware together with therapidly decreasing computational costs, numerical solutions of complexcoupled problems became possible and have been seriously investigated.However, since the quality of the numerical solutions strongly dependson the quality of the underlying physical model together with theexperimental and mathematical possibilities to successfully determinerealistic material parameters, a successful treatment of porous materialsrequires a joint consideration of continuum mechanics, experimentalmechanics and numerical methods. In addition, micromechanical in-vestigations and homogenization techniques are very helpful to increasethe phenomenological understanding of such media.
The intention of the IUTAM Symposium on “Theoretical and Nu-merical Methods in Continuum Mechanics of Porous Materials”, heldat the University of Stuttgart, Germany, from September 5 to 10, 1999,was to bring together scientists from all over the world to discuss andto exchange their ideas and findings in the field of porous materials.The Scientific Committee selected the participants to be invited andto present their papers during the symposium. Altogether, 86 scien-tists followed the invitation, 59 of them from West European and 14from East European countries, 6 from Northern and 1 from SouthernAmerica, 2 from the Near East, 2 from Africa and 1 each from Asiaand Australia.
During the Symposium, the state of the art of modelling empty,partially saturated and fully saturated porous materials, such as soil,concrete, sinter materials, metallic and polymeric foams, glacier androck ice, living tissues, etc. has been presented. In addition, microscopicand macroscopic approaches including homogenization methods havebeen discussed. Furthermore, the theoretical models and the material
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parameters therein have been compared to experimental data, generallybased on parameter identification and optimization methods appliedto geometrically linear and finite approaches for the description of theelastic, viscous and plastic properties of various porous matrix materi-als. Apart from the solid deformation, fluid flow in porous media hascarefully been studied. In particular, the flow-deformation interactionof the volumetrically strongly coupled solid-fluid problem has beeninvestigated and applied to quasi-static and fully dynamic situations.In addition to these general topics, several contributions have beenpresented in the fields of wave propagation, localization phenomena,Biot’s approach to porous media, fracture and damage, swelling, dryingand shrinkage as well as composite materials.
The present volume contains the printed contributions to the IU-TAM Symposium on “Theoretical and Numerical Methods in Contin-uum Mechanics of Porous Materials” having reached the editor andhaving successfully passed the review process. The time and effort spentby the authors for preparing their manuscripts for this volume is greatlyappreciated. Beneath the scientific part of any symposium, financialsupport plays an important role in organizing a successful meeting. Ourthanks are due to the IUTAM Bureau, the German Research Founda-tion (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG), the State Governmentof Baden-Württemberg through the Ministry of Science and Art, theUniversity of Stuttgart, and some further institutions and companiesfor sponsoring the symposium and for providing funds for internationalparticipants. The organization of the Symposium was in the hands ofthe local organizing committee. The work of this team, especially thework of the Conference Secretary, Dr.-Ing. Stefan Diebels, is grate-fully acknowledged. Thanks also to René Ott who carefully assembledthe manuscript and to Kluwer Academic Publishers, Doordrecht, TheNetherlands, for their efforts in producing this attractive ProceedingsVolume.
July 2000 Wolfgang Ehlers
Sponsors of the IUTAM Symposium onTheoretical and Numerical Methods in ContinuumMechanics of Porous Materials
Stuttgart, September 5–10, 1999
BMW Niederlassung StuttgartCity of StuttgartDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Ed. Züblin AGInternational Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM)IBM DeutschlandKluwer Academic PublishersLandesbank Baden-WürttembergMinisterium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-WürttembergSilicon Graphics Inc.Universität Stuttgart
International Scientific Committee
Wolfgang Ehlers (Germany)Olivier Coussy (France)Reint de Boer (Germany)René de Borst (The Netherlands)Stefan Kowalski (Poland)Hans-Bernd Mühlhaus (Australia)Jean-Herve Prévost (USA)Bernhard Schrefler (Italy)Iannis Vardoulakis (Greece)Ren Wang (China)
Local Organizing Committee
Wolfgang Ehlers (Chairman)Stefan Diebels (Secretary)Martin AmmannPeter BlomeAlexander DrostePeter EllsiepenBernd MarkertGünter Thomas
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List of Participants
Prof. Y. Abousleiman, Ph. D., The Rock Mechanics Institute,Sarkeys Energy Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma73019-0628, U.S.A.yabousle@ou.edn
M. Ammann, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), Universität Stutt-gart, 70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYammann@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
Prof. R. A. Anandarajah, Ph. D., Department of Civil Engineer-ing, The Johns Hopkins University, 34th and Charles Streets, Balti-more, MD 21218, U.S.A.rajah@jhu.edu
Prof. Y. C. Angel, Ph. D., Centre de Mechanique, Bât 721, Univer-sité Claude Bernard, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 VilleurbanneCedex, FRANCEangel@mecamat.univ-lyon1.fr
J. Banaszak, Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Tech-nology, Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, pl. MariiSklodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 POLANDgmm@rose.man.poznan.pl
Dr. E. Bauer, Institute of Mechanics, Technical University Graz,Kopernikusgasse 24, 8010 Graz, AUSTRIAbauer@mech.tu-graz.ac.at
Dr. S. C. Baxter, University of South Carolina, 300 S. Main St.,Columbia, S.C. 29208, U.S.A.baxter@engr.sc.edu
Dr. H. Besserer, Institut für Computeranwendungen (ICA-1), Uni-versität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYbcssercr@ica1.uni-stuttgart.de
P. Blome, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), Universität Stuttgart,70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYblome@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
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PD Dr. J. Bluhm, Institut für Mechanik, FB 10, Universität-GHEssen, 45117 Essen, GERMANYbluhm@mechanik.bauwesen.uni-essen.de
Prof. Dr. R. de Boer, Institut für Mechanik, FB 10, Universität-GHEssen, 45117 Essen, GERMANYdeboer@mechanik.bauwesen.uni-essen.de
Prof. Dr. R. de Borst, Faculty of Civil Engineering, TU Delft, P.O.BOX 5048, 2600 GA Delft, THE NETHERLANDSR.deBorst@LR.TUDelft.nl
Dr. J. Brauns, Riga Technical University, 16 Azenes St., Riga, 1048,LETTLANDbraun@acad. latnet. lv
Dr. J. Carmeliet, Lab. of Bilding Physics, Celestijnenlaan 131, 3001Heuerlee, BELGIUMjan.carmeliet@bwk.kuleuven.ac.be
X. Chateau, Laboratoire des Matériaux et des Structures du GénieCivil, U.M.R.113 C.N.R.S.-L.C.P.C., Cité Descartes, 2 Allée Kepler,77420 Champs sur Marne, FRANCEXavier.Chateau@lcpc.fr
Dr. M. Cieszko, Department of Environmental Mechanics, Pedagog-ical University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, POLANDmkk@rose.man.poznan.pl
A. Cortis, Faculty of Applied Earth Sciences, Delft University ofTechnology, Mijnbouwstraat 120 P.O. Box 5028, 2600 GA Delft, THENETHERLANDSa.cortis@ta.tudelft.nl
Prof. Dr. O. Coussy, Labroratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées,Modélisation Mécanique, 58,bd Lefèbvre, 75732 Paris, FRANCEcoussy@lcpc.fr
R. Cudmani, Institut für Bodenmechanik und Felsmechanik, Abteil-ung Erddammbau und Deponiebau , Universität Karlsruhe , 76128Karlsruhe, GERMANYcudmani@ibf-tiger.bau-verm.uni-karlsruhe.de
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Dr. P. Dangla, Labroratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, Modéli-sation Mécanique, 58,bd Lefebvre, 75732 Paris, FRANCEPatrick.Dangla@lcpc.fr
Dr. A. I. M. Denneman, Applied Geophysics & Petrophysics, De-partment of Applied Earth Sciences, Delft University of Technology,P.O. Box 5028, 2600 GA Delft, THE NETHERLANDSarthur@akst12.tn.tudelft.nl
Dr. A. K. Didwania, Department of Applied Mechanics, Universityof California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept 0411, La Jolla, CA92093-0411, U.S.A.didwania@ames.ucsd.edu
Dr. S. Diebels, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), Universität Stutt-gart, 70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYdiebels@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
Prof. Dr. L. Dormieux, CERMMO, ENPC, 6-8 av. Blaise Pascal,77 240 Champus sur Marne, FRANCEDormieux@cermmo.enpc.fr
A. Droste, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), Universität Stuttgart,70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYdroste@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
Prof. Dr. W. Ehlers, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), UniversitätStuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYehlers@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
Dr. D. Elata, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - IsraelInstitute of Technology (I.I.T.), Haifa 32000, ISRAELelata@techunix.technicon.ac.il
P. Ellsiepen, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), Universität Stuttgart,70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYellsiepen@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
A. J. H. Frijns, Eindhoven University of Technology, Department ofMathematics, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, THE NETHER-LANDSfrijns@win.tue.nl
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S. Grasberger, Lehrstuhl für Statik und Dynamik, Ruhr-UniversitätBochum, 44780 Bochum, GERMANYStefan.Grasberger@sd.ruhr-uni-bochurn.de
Prof. Dr. A. A. Gubaidullin, Tyumen Institute of Mechanics ofMultiphase Systems (TIMMS), Taymirskaya St. 74, 625000 Tyumen,RUSSIAtimrns@sbtx.tmn.ru
J. Hartikainen, Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,Helsinki University of Technology, P.O.Box 1100, 02015 HUT, FIN-LANDJuha.Hartikainen@csc.fi
Prof. C. T. Herakovich, Ph. D., Applied Mechanics Program, Uni-versity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2442, U.S.A.herak@virginia.edu
PD Dr. R. Hilfer, Institut für Computeranwendungen (ICA-1), 70550Stuttgart, GERMANYhilfer@ica1.uni-stuttgart.de
Dr. U. Hunsche, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, GERMANYudo.hunsche@bgr.de
Dr. J. M. Huyghe, Engineering Mechanics Institute, Eindhoven Uni-versity of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, THENETHERLANDSjacques@wfw.wtb.tue.nl
L. Jacobsson, Department of Solid Mechanics, Chalmers Universityof Technology, 41296 Göteborg, SWEDENlaja@solid.chalmers.se
T. Jakpa, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos,Akoka-Yaba, NIGERIAjakpa@hotmail.com
Dr. A. G. Kolpakov, Siberian State University of Telecommunica-tions and Informatics, 324, Bld. 95, 9th November str, 630009 Novosi-birsk, RUSSIAAGK@neic.nsk.su
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Prof. Dr. S. J. Kowalski, University of Technology, Instituteof Technology and Technical Engineering, pl. Marii Skladowskiej-Curie2, 60-965 POLANDkowal@rose.man.poznan.pl
Prof. Dr. S. Krenk, Institute of Structural Mechanics, Dept. of Struc-tural Engineering and Materials, Building 118, Technical University ofDenmark, 2800 Lynby, DENMARKsk@bkm.dtu.dk
Prof. Dr. J. Kubik, Pedagogical University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064Bydgoszcz, POLANDkubik@rose.rnan.poznan.pl
Dr. D. Kuhl, Institute for Structural Mechanics, Ruhr-UniversityBochum, 44780 Bochum, GERMANYdetlef.kuhl@ruhr-uni-bochurn.de
Dr. L. Kyziol, Akademia Marynarki Hojenney, ul. Smidowicza, 81-919 Gdynia, POLANDlkyz@amw.gdynia.pl
Prof. Dr. R. Lancellotta, Dipart. di. Ingegneria Strutturale, Politec-nico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, ITALIAlancellotta@polito.it
J. Larsson, Departement of Solid Mechanics, Chalmers University ofTechnology, 412 96 Göteborg, SWEDENjonasla@solid.chalmers.se
Dr. R. Larsson, Departement of Solid Mechanics, Chalmers Univer-sity of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, SWEDENragnar@solid.chalmers.se
A. J. Lempinen, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory ofTheoretical and Applied Mechanics, P.O. Box 1100, 02015 HUT, FIN-LANDantti.lempinen@hut.fi
Dr. Z. Lu, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Re-search Center of Solid Mechanics, Beijing 100083, CHINA
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PD Dr. R. Mahnken, Institut für Baumechanik und NumerischeMechanik, Universität Hannover, 30160 Hannover, GERMANYmahnken@ibnm.uni-hannover.de
B. Markert, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), Universität Stuttgart,70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYmarkert@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
Prof. Dr. C. Miehe, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), UniversitätStuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYmiehe@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
Prof. D. Sc. M. J. Mikkola, Helsinki University of Technology, Lab-oratory of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, P.O. Box 1100, 02015HUT, FINLANDmartti.mikkola@hut.fi
A. Millard, CEA / DMT / LAMS, CEN Saclay, 91191 GIF / YvetteCedex, FRANCEam@semt2.smts.cea.fr
M. M. Molenaar, Eindhoven University of Technology, Departmentof Mechanical Engineering, Section MAterials TEchnology, P.O. Box513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, THE NETHERLANDSmathieu@wfw.wtb.tue.nl
Dr. H.-B. Mühlhaus, Chief Research Scientist, Rock Mechanics Re-search Centre, CSIRO Division of Exploration and Mining, 39 Fairway,Nedlands WA 6009, AUSTRALIAh.muhlhaus@dem.csiro.au
H. Müllerschön, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), Universität Stutt-gart, 70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYmullerschön@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
Dr. M. A. Murad, Laboratorio Nacional de Computacao Cientifica,Petropolis, RJ, C. Postal 95113, and Instituto Politecnico/UERJ, NovaFriburgo, RJ, 2860, BRAZILmurad@iota.lncc.br
Dr. G. Musielak, University of Technology, Institute of Tech-nology and Technical Engineering, pl. Marii Skladowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 POLANDgmm@rose.man.poznan.pl
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Prof. Dr. R. Nova, Milan University of Technology, Department ofStructural Engineering, Piazza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, ITALIAnova@rachele.stru.polimi.it
Dr. A. Papastavrou, Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathe-matik e. V. (ITWM), 67663 Kaiserslautern, GERMANY
M. Paul, Institut für Computeranwendungen im Bauingenieurwesen,TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, GERMANYm.paul@TU-BS.de
Prof. J.-H. Prévost, Ph. D., Department of Civil Engineering andOperations Research, School of Engineering/Applied Science, Prince-ton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, U.S.A.prevost@princeton.edu
A. Pudewills, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgungstechnik, Forschungs-zentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, GERMANYpudewill@ine.fzk.de
K. Rajewska, Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Tech-nology, Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, pl. MariiSklodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 POLANDgmm@rose.man.poznan.pl
Dr. P. Redanz, Cambridge Centre for Micromechanics, CambridgeUniversity, Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, CambridgeCB2 1PZ, U.K.pr227@eng.cam.hc.uk
T. Ricken, Institut für Mechanik, FB 10, Universität-GH Essen, 45117Essen, GERMANYtricken@mechanik.bauwesen.uni-essen.de
Prof. Dr. K. Runesson, Dept. of Solid Mechanics, Chalmers Univer-sity of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, SWEDENkeru@solid.chalmers.se
Dr. A. Rybicki, University of Technology, Institute of Tech-nology and Technical Engineering, pl. Marii Skladowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 POLANDryban@rose.man.poznan.pl
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Dr. T. Sadowski, Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Me-chanical Engineering, Technical University of Lublin, ul. Nadbystrzycka40, 20-618 Lublin, POLANDtskms@archimedes.pol.lublin.pl
Dr. L. Sanavia, Dipartimento di Costruzioni e Trasporti, Universitàdegli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, ITALIAsanavia@caronte.dic.unipd.it
Prof. Dr. A. Sawicki, Institute of Hydro-Engineering, IBW PAN, ul.Koscierska 7, 80-953 Gdarisk-Oliwa, POLANDas@hapcio.ibwpan.gda.pl
A. Scheuermann, University of Karlsruhe, Institute of Soil and RockMechanincs, Division of Earth Dams and Landfill Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring, 76131 Karlsruhe, GERMANYAlexander.Scheuermann@bau-verm.uni-karlsruhe.de
Prof. B. A. Schrefler, Ph. D., Dipartmento di Costruzioni e Trans-porti, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via marzolo 9, 35131 Padova,ITALYbas@caronte.dic.unipd.it
Dr. J. Schröder, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), Universität Stutt-gart, 70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYschroeder@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
Dr. S. Sellers, School of Mathematics, UEA, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.sellers@uea.ac.uk
J. Skolnik, Institut für Mechanik, FB 10, Universität-GH Essen, 45117Essen, GERMANYjudith@ruechanik.bauwesen.uni-essen.de
Dr. D. M. J. Smeulders, Delft University of Technology, Facultyof Applied and Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 5028, 2600 GA Delft, THENETHERLANDSD.M.J.Smeulders@MP.TUDelft.NL
Dr. A. H. Soliman, 4 Habib St, Port Said St, 11411 Cairo, EGYPTazzasoliman@hotmail.com
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Prof. Dr. S. Sorek, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, J. BlausteinInstitute for Dessert Research, Dryland Environmental Water Resources,Sde Boker Campus, 84990, ISRAELshaul@hydro.boker.bgu.ac.il
Prof. Dr. P. Steinmann, Lehrstuhl für Technische Mechanik, Univer-sität Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, GERMANYps@rhrk.uni-kl.de
PD Dr. G. Thomas, Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen), UniversitätStuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYthornas@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de
Prof. Dr. R. Uklejewski, Department of Environmental Mechanics,Pedagogical University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, POLANDmkk@rose.man.poznan.pl
Prof. Dr. I. Vardoulakis, Nat. Techn. Univ. of Athens, 5 Heroesof Polytechnion Ar., Dept. of Engineering Science, 15773 Zographou,GREECEI.Vardoulakis@mechan.ntua.gr
J. Widjajakusuma, Institut für Computeranwendungen (ICA-1), Uni-versität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, GERMANYjack@ica1.uni-stuttgart.de
T. Wilhelm, Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Geotechnik und Tun-nelbau, Technikerstr. 13, 6020 Innsbruck, AUSTRIAc81315@uibk.ac.at
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