Italy Rome Papal program Counter Reformation –Ornate + didactic Renaissance + emotional intensity...

Italy

• Rome• Papal program• Counter Reformation

– Ornate + didactic• Renaissance + emotional intensity• Chiaroscuro, multimedia• tenebroso• Caravaggio, Bernini, Borromini• St Peter’s

Caravaggio

Captures an instant

Spain

• Committed to Catholic orthodoxy• Encourage devotion• Saints & martyrs• Sp painters come into own• Solemn, intense• Impasto

• Velazquez– Las Mininas

Flanders

• Southern Netherlands• Church, state commissions• Retained Catholic ties• Heroic, royal

• Rubens, van Dyck

Rubens

Queen of France Landing, Marseilles

1623

Oil panel

25x20”

portraiture

Dutch Republic - Holland

• Independence from Spain• New subjects & styles• Amsterdam= financial center• Prosperity• Protestant• Merchant patrons• Genre scenes, portraits,• Still life, landscapes• Painting dominates• Rembrandt, Hals, Vermeer

Characteristics Dutch Painting:-continued understanding of human nature-wealthy patrons-more excepting and tolerant to female artists -other Baroque elements

>tenebrism, shallow space, motion, emotion, etc.-naturalism-less intrigued with mathematics(than H. Ren)-interested in light and motion with a loose style that involved a collection of brush strokes

>showing movement-more iconography, much more popular in the North than in the South-genre paintings-more secular than the South

1629

1669

Vermeer

The Letter

1666

Oil canvas

17x15”

France

• Monarchy, Louis XIV• Paris= art center• Most powerful country• Appeal of Roman

classicism• Trade, wealth= patronage• Shimmering glowing color• Moral message• Balanced, classicism

• Poussin, Lorrain• Versailles

24.1 French Baroque Art

• In France, monarchical authority and power was consolidated, and embodied, in King Louis XIV.

• The foundation of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in 1648 established French classicism as the official style.

• The practice of art and architecture were regularized and organized and placed in the service of the state.

• King Louis XIV and his principal adviser, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, used the power of art for propaganda

•Georges de La Tour, Adoration of the Shepherds, 1645-1650. o/c•Influence of Caravaggio's style on Georges de La Tour = use of light and unidealized figures. Like the Dutch Caravaggesque painters, the group of humbly dressed figures gathered reverentially around the sleeping baby Jesus is illuminated by a single light source (a candle) included in the painting.

England

• Limited monarchy• Religious diversity• Does not have focus• Of other Baroque trends

• ARCHITECTURE

– St Paul’s Cathedral– Sir Christoper Wren

Women artists – Renaissance to Baroque

Renaissance= 1st period, international fame

Humanism

Individual opportunities

education, growth, achievement

Cultural shift

craftsmen artists

perspective, anatomy, mathematics

• Some transcended gender role expectations• Fathers’ workshops - aristocratic connections• Apprenticeship• Women depicted as humans, not just muses• Portraits, still lifes, religious• Dutch – Flemish successful• changing art market= opportunities• Shift to Academy system

– Membership limited

• Women artist of the Baroque changed the way women were depicted in art. Female artists during the Baroque era were not permitted to train form nude models because all nude models were male, but they were very familiar with the female body. Therefore, they created images of women as conscious beings rather than detached muses.

Sofonisba

Anguissola

1527-1625

Italian

Spanish Court

Portraits

The Artist’s Sisters Playing Chess

Artemisia GentileschiItalian1593-1651

Penitent Magdalene

Esther before Ahasuerus, ca. 1628–35

Oil on canvas; 82 x 107”

Judith Leyster(1609–1660) Dutch Golden Age

Young

Flute Player

The Concert

Clara PeetersFlemish Painter1594-ca.1657

Still Life of Vase, Vase, Jug and Platter of Dried Fruit, c. 1619

Fish, Oysters, and Shrimps, c. 1650

Still Life with Cheeses, Artichoke and Cherries, 1625

Academicians of the Royal Academy, 1772