View
31
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Islam: History, values and culture. We are all Muslims; some have the Gospels, others have the Quran. A Patriarch from Syria. Islam:. Myths and Reality. Terminology:. The religion is called ISLAM. The people are MUSLIMS or Moslim. 4. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Reality:
Only Muslim extremists believe this. (Just like most Christians do NOT believe in bombing abortion clinics.)
12
Reality:
Muslim women have many different styles of dress. (Very few cultures require women to cover their faces.)
The treatment of women varies from country to country and family to family.
Some Muslim countries, like Pakistan, have had female prime ministers. The U.S. has never had a female president.
14
Something to think about:
Should women in a Western country be allowed to wear a headscarf if they choose?
21
Fasting
During the month of Ramadan, Muslims cannot eat or drink
anything during the daylight hours.
26
1. Which of the following is a true statement:
A. All Arabs are Muslims B. All Muslims are Arabs
C. Iran is an Arab country D. None of the above
1. Which of the following is a true statement:
A. All Arabs are Muslims B. All Muslims are Arabs
C. Iran is an Arab country D. None of the above
Islam• Founder: Muhammad Ibn (son of) Adballah• Born: 571 AD in Mecca, Arabia• Descendant of Abraham• Nicknames: Almustapha (the chosen), Alamin (the faithful)• Titles: The prophet, the messenger (Alrasul)• Tribe: Quraiysh• Holy Book: The Quran, derived from ‘read’
Quraiysh
Qussaiy
Abdmanaf
Abdshams Hashem
(Amneh+) Abdallah Abutalib Hamzeh Alabbas Abulahab Alhareth
(661-750) (750-1258)
Muhammad Ali
Adbelmuttalib
Ummayah Dynasty Abbbassides Dynasty
Abraham
Ismail
Adnan
• Abu-Bakr - 632-634• The first elected official.
• Omar Ibn Elkhattab - 634-644 • Othman bin Affan - 644-656
Collected and compiled the Quran• Ali Bin Abitalib - 656-661
632-661: the Four Elected Successors (Caliphs)
The Abbassides Dynasty, 750-1258
• The center of the Empire moves to Iraq and Iran
• Baghdad, built 762 AD by Almansur (2nd Caliph).
• With over 2 M, Baghdad becomes the glamorous center of the world
Science, art, architecture, learning, and wealth
Lighted streets, public baths, public libraries and hospitals everywhere
• Cairo, built 968 AD
The Quran: 114 Chapters (chapter = Surah)
Special place for Virgin Mary, the only female (the Chapter of Mary)
God = Allah (Arabic) = Eluhim (Hebrew) = El (Aramaic)
One and only one God, no trinity Arabic as the language of the Quran
Jihad and the Conduct of War
• Jihad in Arabic does not mean "holy war”. It means "struggle” or “strive”.
• The "greater jihad” in the Quran is that of the soul, of the tongue, of the pen, of faith, of morality, etc. The "smaller jihad" is that of arms. Three levels:
– Personal: That of the soul– Verbal: "The most excellent jihad is the speaking of
truth in the face of a tyrant" – Physical: Combat waged in defense against oppression
and transgression.
Since good and evil cannot be equal, repel thou evil with something that is
better, and love he between whom and thy self was enmity may then become as though he had always been close unto thee, a true friend" (41:34)
• God does not allow harm of civilian, and requests the protection of women, children and the elderly during war (4:96; 9: 91; 48: 16,17)
“If any one slew a person--unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land--it would be as if he slew the whole people; and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people.” (5:32)
Jihad and the Conduct of War
Jihad and the Conduct of War
"Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for Allah loves not transgressors." (2: 190).
– Notice: Defensive war, fight back• ‘Martyrdom’: Those killed during fighting or while doing civic
duties (martyrs) are promised a place in heaven (several
passages, e.g., 2:154; 3:169-172) • However, suicide is not allowed; it is forbidden and
condemned (e.g., 6:151, 17:33, 25:68) 'Do not attack a temple, a church, a synagogue. Do not
bring a tree or a plant down. Do not harm a horse or a camel’
Relation with other Faiths
• Like the Torah, the Quran permits retaliation eye for eye, tooth
for tooth. But, like the Gospels, it says “it is meritorious to forgo revenge in a spirit of charity (5: 45)
• Acknowledges Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob,
Joseph, Moses, David, Solomon, Zacharia, Jesus, John the baptist, and others as the “the good prophets of God”
• A special place for Jesus and Mary (e.g., 3:45,46; 4:156-158;
19:1-98)
• Accepts that Mary’s conception is from God’s soul.
• Rejects the divinity of Jesus (no trinity).
• Jesus was not killed (e.g., 4:155-159; 5:17-19)
"And dispute ye not with the People of the Book, except with means better, unless it be with those of them who inflict wrong: but say, 'We believe in the revelation which has come down to us and in that which came down to you; Our Allah and your Allah is one; and it is to Him we bow.”
• In one of his last public sermons Muhammad said “God tells all human beings, "O people! We have
formed you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another" (49: 13). Do not conquer, convert, subjugate, revile or slaughter but to reach out toward others with intelligence and understanding”
Relation with other Faiths
Sunni and Shiha
Sunni
• 90% of Muslims
• Follow the Quran and the Hadeeth as we have them today, and as interpreted by the Sunni scholars
Shiha
• Came to be as a sect after 680 A.D.
• Believe in the Quran and Hadeeth, like Sunni
• However, they place Ali very high as a holy figure, and think ‘main stream’ Islam discriminated against him
• Today Shiah is mainly in Iran (90%), Iraq (55%) and Lebanon (~40%)
Important Holidays
Al-adhaa (the sacrifice)
• Symbolizes Abraham attempt to sacrifice his son Ishmael by God’s request. • Should sacrifice an animal and give the food to the poor.
• The pilgrimage to Mecca
Alfetr • Observed at the end of the holy month of Ramadan (the fasting month)
The Islamic New Year• Yr 1, Islamic calendar = 622 A.D.
Alisraa Walmaaraj• Symbolizes the ascending, in Jerusalem, of Mohammed's soul to heaven
The Birthday of Muhammad
Ashuraa day (Shiha only)
Islam Today
• 1.3 Billion worldwide, three continents 0.3 Billion Arabs
Indonesia (200 M) > India (180 M) > Pakistan (160
M) > Bangladesh (120 M) >China (80 M) > Egypt (70 M)
• There are about 20 M Christian Arabs Egypt > Syria > Lebanon > Palestine > Iraq
• About 7 M Muslims in the USA, 3-4 M are Arabs
Roughly half of the Arab Americans are Christians
Recommended