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Is Sacred Architecture the Pinnacle of History of Building
Technology?
Kate Ward
ARCH 649
Fall 2003
Secular Influences the Sacred
Crystal CathedralBy Philip Johnson & John BurgeeGarden Grove, CA
Church of the LightBy Tadao AndoIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
Crystal Cathedral vs. Church of the Light
Crystal Cathedral Church of the LightFaith Christian Christian
Function Church Chapel
Time 1977-1980 1988
Location Garden Grove, CA, USA Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
Form Long, 4-pointed star plan
Long, rectilinear plan
BuildingTechnology
Glazed space frame walls and roof
Reinforced concrete with glass wall
Crystal Cathedral: Faith
Faith: Christian Faith influence on form: plan is based on Latin cross; the architects
“squished the nave and pulled out the trancept” to bring people closer to the chancel
Home of the nationally televised “Hour of Power”
Crystal Cathedral: Function
Function: Church Also functions as a television
studio, so the building must have a certain light set-up, possibly a certain sound set-up as well
Complex also has a advanced audio studio and television studio
Giant doors open to parking lot to allow building to function as a drive-in church as well
Crystal Cathedral: Time
Time: 1980 Televangelism was growing
stronger, and had no scandals yet Bell Tower was added for the
tenth anniversary of the cathedral. It was also designed by Philip Johnson
Crystal Cathedral: Location
Location: Garden Grove, CA, USA Location influence on design:
Glass is reflective, so only 8% of light and heat enter space No air-conditioning, but ventilated with motorized fin
windows Originally was to be surrounded by park, but now is
surrounded by parking lot Johnson: “Is God not in the car?” Allows for drive-in service
Suburban environment Windows let in views of the outside world
Crystal Cathedral: Form
Form: Long, 4-pointed star plan, tent-shaped elevation Form gives the church its popular name: “Crystal Cathedral” Building measures 207 by 415 ft, with a maximum height of 128 ft
(12 stories) Seats about 3,000, plus 1,000 more in the chancel
Crystal Cathedral: Building Technology
History of Space Frames
Alexander Graham Bell was one of the first to experiment with the structures that eventually became space frames. He developed kites and a 24 meter high tower during his experiments.
Early predecessors of space frames include the Eiffel Tower and many bridges.
Crystal Cathedral: Building Technology
History of Space Frames
Used to cover large spaces, such as hangars, auditoriums, etc. Geodesic domes are space frames – developed for homes, not
sacred architecture
Crystal Cathedral: Building Technology
History of Glass Buildings
Crystal Palace Seagram
Crystal Cathedral: Building Technology
History of Glass Buildings
Transco Tower, Houston Fountain Place, Dallas
Church of the Light: Faith
Faith: Christian Faith influence on form:
longitudinal plan for processionals
Church of the Light: Function
Function: Chapel Building is an addition to an
earlier wooden structure
Church of the Light: Time
Time: 1988
Church of the Light: Location
Location: Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan Tightly-packed residential
neighborhood Very small space Location influences form
L-shaped wall separates church from busy surroundings
No good views, so the windows are minimal – only the distinctive narrow cross window and a window opening into the L-shaped wall
Church of the Light: Location
Entrance is from the back, and is not direct – must turn 180 degrees to face the front of the building
Window opening to wall
Church of the Light: Form
Form: Long, rectilinear plan “The building can be described simply as a bare concrete box with a
wall cutting through it at a 15 degree angle. “ Proportion: 1:3:1 – rectangle can hold 3 spheres, each 5.9 meters in
diameter
Church of the Light: Building Technology
History of Reinforced Concrete
First successful use of reinforced concrete was by Jean-Louis Lambot to reinforce his boats.
Reinforced servant’s cottage was erected by William B. Wilkinson. Joseph Monier first used it as building material. He had patents for
its use in garden tubs and some posts and beams. First landmark reinforced concrete building in America was “Ward’s
Castle.”
Church of the Light: Building Technology
History of Reinforced Concrete
Common building material in buildings and highways
Conclusion
The building technology of each building was not developed for sacred buildings, but for secular buildings, nor is the technology used in innovative ways.
Sacred architecture is not the pinnacle of the history of building technology.
Further Questions
If the building technology is not innovative, or very distinctive, what makes the building sacred? Quality of light Atmosphere Separation from everyday Invitation of everyday Craftsmanship Form
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