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IPv6Overview and Status
Robert M. Hinden
NOKIA
2 NOKIA
TALK OVERVIEW
IPng Overview
Proposed TLA/NLA Assignment Rules
Current Status
Deployment Timetable
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New Version of the Internet Protocol
– Assigned Version 6 (IPv6)
Expands Scope of Routing and Addressing to
Meet Internet Growth
Solves Next Set of Pressing Problems
Good Example of Internet Technology Evolution
IP NEXT GENERATION
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Larger 128-bit Hierarchical Addresses
– Supports Much Larger Internet
– Allows Embedded IEEE 802 MAC Address for Auto-Configuration
Simplified Header w/ 64bit Alignment
Flow Label for Real Time Support
Flexible Extension Header Mechanism
– Security
– Route Selection
CHANGES FROM IPv4
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Plug and Play Auto Configuration
Authentication and Privacy Extensions
Flexible Scaleable Routing Architecture
Multicast Improved and Made Standard
Incremental Deployment
NEW FEATURES
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IPv6 HEADER FORMAT
Payload Length
Version Flow Label
Next Header Hop Limit
Source Address
Destination Address
32 bits
40 bytes
Class
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IPv4 HEADER FORMAT
LengthVers
Source AddressDestination Address
32 bits
20 bytes
TOSHdrL
Identification Frag. OffsetFlags
Header ChecksumProtocolTTL
Options Padding
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EXTENSION HEADERS
IPv6 Header
Next Header =TCP
TCP Header + Data
Security Header
Next Header =TCP
IPv6 Header
Next Header =Security
TCP Header + Data
Fragment Header
Next Header =TCP
Routing Header
Next Header =Fragment
IPv6 Header
Next Header =Routing
Fragment of TCPHeader + Data
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IPv6 ADDRESSING
128 Bit Addresses can Identify Large Number of End Points:
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
15% Initially Assigned, 85% Reserved for Future Growth
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IPv6 ADDRESS TYPES
Unicast (one-to-one)
– Global
– Link-Local
– Site-Local
– Compatible (IPv4, IPX, NSAP)
Multicast (one-to-many)
Anycast (one-to-nearest)
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Aggregatable Unicast
Link Local Unicast
Site Local Unicast
Multicast
ADDRESS FORMATS
111111010Interface
ID0000.............0000
001SLAID
NLAID
InterfaceID
TLAID
SubnetID
InterfaceID
111111011
Flags ScopeGroup
ID11111111
000...000
R
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AGGREGATABLE UNICAST ADDRESSES
Unicast Address Format for IPv6
Supports Provider and Exchange Models
Great Improvement in ISP Routing Scaling
– Limits Size of Top Level Routing
Exchanges Support Site
– Multihoming to Long Haul Providers
– Changing Long Haul Providers w/out Renumbering
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FORMAT
FP TLA R NLA* SLA* INTERFACE ID
3 13 8 24 16 64
PublicTopology
SiteTopology
InterfaceIdentifier
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FIELDS
FP Format Prefix (010)
TLA ID Top Level Aggregation ID
RES Reserved for Future Use
NLA ID Next Level Aggregation ID
SLA ID Site Level Aggregation ID
INTERFACE ID Interface Identifier
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TOP LEVEL AGGREGATION ID Top Level in Addressing Hierarchy
Assigned to Organizations providing Transit Topology
– Not for Leaf Topology
Supports 213 TLA ID’s (8K)
– Expansion possible using Reserved field
IANA Assigns Blocks to Registries
– Registries assign TLA ID’s to organizations
– Registries get more from IANA
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NEXT LEVEL AGGREGATION ID Used by TLA ID holders to
– Create TLA Hierarchy
– Identify Sites
TLA ID holder’s may support NLA’s in their own Site ID space
NLA holder’s may support NLA’s in their…..
Works exactly like CIDR delegation
TLA holder’s assume registry duties for NLA’s
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NLA ID’S
NLA1 SITE ID SLA ID INTERFACE ID
NLA2 SITE ID SLA ID INTERFACE ID
NLA3SITE SLA ID INTERFACE ID
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INTERFACE ID’S Identify Interfaces on a Link
– Required to be Unique on Link
– May be Unique over a broader scope
Constructed in IEEE EUI-64 format
– Usually from Hardware Token» Ethernet MAC, etc.
– May be created from limited scope token» Local Talk, tunnels, etc.
Future work may use Interface ID as an Node Identifier
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IPv6 ROUTING
Longest-Prefix Match Routing
– Same as IPv4 CIDR Routing
Extensions to Existing IPv4 Routing Protocols
– Unicast: RIPv2, OSPF, ISIS, BGP4, ...
– Multicast: PIM, MOSPF, , ...
Support for Policy Routing by use of Routing Header with Anycast Addresses
– Provider Selection, Policy Routing, etc.
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IPv6 SECURITY
All implementations expected to support authentication and encryption headers
Authentication separate from encryption for use in situations where encryption is prohibited or prohibitively expensive
Support for manual key configuration required
Key distribution protocols are under development
– Independent of IPv4 / IPv6
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“PLUG-AND-PLAY” AUTOCONFIGURATION
Hosts automatically learn subnet prefix from router advertisements
– Fabricate own address by adding local unique ID (e.g., Ethernet address)
New subnet prefixes can be added, and old ones deleted, to cause automatic renumbering
Automatic address fabrication can be overridden by DHCP service, for more local control
Work underway on dynamic DNS updating and automatic service location (anycast/multicast)
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REAL TIME
Flows
– Sequence of Packets that desire Real-Time service
– Flow Label used to identify Flow
Traffic Classes
– Interactive (prefer Low Latency over Throughput
– Explicit Congestion Notification
– Priority
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IPv6 TRANSITION
Philosophy
– Make IPv6 Implementations Compatible with IPv4
– Make it Easy to Deploy
– Get Experience Early in Transition
Goals
– Allow Incremental Upgrade of Hosts and Routers to IPv6
– Few or No Upgrade Dependencies
– Complete Transition before IPv4 Addresses Run Out
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GENERAL TRANSITION MODEL
time
IPv4 Only IPv4 & IPv6 IPv6
Phase 1 Phase 2
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TRANSITION TECHNIQUES
Dual IP Layer
– Nodes Support IPv4 and IPv6
IPv4 Compatibility Addresses
– IPv4 Address Embedded within IPv6 Address
IPv6 in IPv4 Encapsulation
– Tunnel IPv6 Datagrams across IPv4 Infrastructure
Translation
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CURRENT IPv4 OPERATION
IPv4Router
IPv4Host
IPv4Router
IPv4Host
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data
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INTEROPERATION WITH IPv4
IPv4Router
IPv6/IPv4Host
IPv4Router
IPv4Host
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data
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TUNNELING OVER IPv4
IPv4Router
IPv6/IPv4Host
IPv6/IPv4Host
IPv4Router
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv4
IPv6
Data
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IPv6 AND TUNNELING
IPv6/IPv4Host
IPv6/IPv4Host
IPv4Router
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv4/IPv6Router
IPv6
Data
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IPv6 - IPv4 TRANSLATION
IPv6Host
IPv4Host
IPv4Router
IPv6
Data
IPv4/IPv6Translator
IPv6
Data
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data
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IPv6 OPERATION
IPv6
Data
IPv6/IPv4Host
IPv6/IPv4Host
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv4/IPv6Router
IPv4/IPv6Router
PROPOSED TLA/NLA ASSIGNMENT RULES
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MOTIVATION FORPROPOSED ASSIGMENT RULES
Limit Number of Top Level Prefixes to Manageable Size
Assign Top Level Prefixes only to Transit Providers
– Not assigned to Leaf Sites
Assign Top Level Prefixes to Organizations who
– Are Capable of providing service
– Plan IPv6 service in near term
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MOTIVATION (CONTINUED)
Assignment policy match current IPv4 Practice
Assignees make registration data available to Registries
Assignments consistent w/ Aggregation Format
– Limit Prefix to /48
– Sites always get 80 bits (16bit SLA + 64bit I ID)
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TWO STAGE TLA ALLOCATION
First Stage - Allocate Sub-TLA ID
– Create Sub-TLA out of TLA ID = 1
Second Stage - Allocate TLA ID
– When assignee demonstrates 90% usage of Sub-TLA
FP TLA Sub- NLA* SLA* INTERFACE ID TLA
3 13 13 19 16 64
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PROPOSED ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS
Plan to offer native IPv6 service within 9 months of assignment
Verifiable track record of providing Internet transit service or capability of same
– No assignments to leaf sites
Registration fee to IANA and/or service/registration fees to Registries
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PROPOSED ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS (CONTINUED)
Provide Registry services for NLA space it is responsible
– Database of assignments publicly available to Registries
Periodically provide Utilization statistics to Registry
Must show 90% utilization prior to additional TLA assignments
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DOCUMENTS
Proposed TLA and NLA Assignment Rules
<draft-ietf-ipngwg-tla-assignment-03.txt>
An Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format
<draft-ietf-ipngwg-unicast-aggr-04.txt>
CURRENT STATUS
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IPng STANDARDS STATUS
IPv6 IETF Standards– IPv6 Protocol– Addressing Architecture– ICMP – DNS– Security– Unicast Aggregation Formats – Transition Mechanisms– Neighbor Discovery– Address Auto-configuration– OSI NSAP Mappings– IPv6 over Ethernet– IPv6 over FDDI– IPv6 over PPP– Jumbo Grams– Routing Protocols (RIPng, OSPFv3, ISIS, BGP4++)
– Tunneling– MIB’s
IETF Completing Work– Routing Protocols (PIM)– Header Compression– MIB’s– IPv6 over <link>– Router Renumbering– DHCP– Service Location– Mobility Support
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IPv6 IMPLEMENTATIONS Host Systems
– Apple– BSDI– Digital– Epiloque– FTP Software (WIN)– IBM (AIX)– INRIA (NetBSD, FreeBSD)– Linux– Mentat (Streams)– Microsoft– Novell– NRL (4.4-lite BSD)– Pacific Softworks– Process Software (VMS)– SCO– SICS/HP (HP-UX)
– Siemens Nixdorf– Sun Microsystems– UNH– WIDE Consortium
(NAIST, Hitachi, Sony, NTT)
Routers– 3Com– Bay Networks– Cisco Systems– Digital– Hitachi, Ltd.– Merit– Nokia– NTH University– Sumitomo Electric– Telebit AS
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Testbed for IPv6 Testing and Deployment
– Modeled after MBONE
Uses IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnels
Currently
– 265 Sites
– 34 Countries
– 4 Continents
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TOPOLOGY
DEPLOYMENT TIMETABLE
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DEPLOYMENT TIMETABLE
1997-1998– Product Development Continues
– Protocols Refined based on Experience
1998-1999– IPv6 Appears in Users Systems as part of
Software Upgrades
– Users Tryout IPv6
1999-2000– Organizations start Converting to IPv6
– Translate to IPv4 at Organizational Boundaries
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
IPng Web Pages (General Info, Mailing Lists, etc.)
http://playground.sun.com/ipnghttp://www.6bone.net
BooksIPng, Internet Protocol Next Generation by Scott O. Bradner & Allison Mankin (Addison-
Wesley)
IPv6, The New Internet Protocol by Christian Huitema (Prentice Hall)
IPng and the TCP/IP Protocols by Stephen Thomas (Wiley)
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SUMMARY
IPng is a New Version of IP
Solves Current Critical Growth Problems
Compatible with IPv4
Improves IP in Many Areas
Builds a Strong Base for the Future Growth
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